메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 101, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 671-683

Caribou exclusion during a population low increases deciduous and evergreen shrub species biomass and nitrogen pools in low Arctic tundra

Author keywords

Arctic tundra; Caribou; Determinants of plant community diversity and structure; Herbivory; Nitrogen pool; Phenolics; Productivity; Reindeer; Shrub expansion

Indexed keywords

BROWSING; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DECIDUOUS TREE; DEER; EVERGREEN TREE; HERBIVORY; NITROGEN; PHENOLIC COMPOUND; PHYTOMASS; PLANT COMMUNITY; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTION; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; SHRUB; SOIL NUTRIENT; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TUNDRA; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; WARMING;

EID: 84876670539     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: 13652745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12082     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (108)
  • 3
    • 24044492288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Off-season uptake of nitrogen in temperate heath vegetation
    • Andresen, L.C. & Michelsen, A. (2005) Off-season uptake of nitrogen in temperate heath vegetation. Oecologia, 144, 585-597.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.144 , pp. 585-597
    • Andresen, L.C.1    Michelsen, A.2
  • 4
    • 0031786775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant communities: Herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance
    • Augustine, D.J. & McNaughton, S.J. (1998) Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant communities: Herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance. Journal of Wildlife Management, 62, 1165-1183.
    • (1998) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.62 , pp. 1165-1183
    • Augustine, D.J.1    McNaughton, S.J.2
  • 5
    • 0028165129 scopus 로고
    • Effects of increased nitrogen and phosphorus availability on the photosynthesis and nutrient relations of three Arctic dwarf shrubs from Svalbard
    • Baddeley, J.A., Woodin, S.J. & Alexander, I.J. (1994) Effects of increased nitrogen and phosphorus availability on the photosynthesis and nutrient relations of three Arctic dwarf shrubs from Svalbard. Functional Ecology, 8, 676-685.
    • (1994) Functional Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 676-685
    • Baddeley, J.A.1    Woodin, S.J.2    Alexander, I.J.3
  • 6
    • 0032401857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking above-ground and below-ground interactions: how plant responses to foliar herbivory influence soil organisms
    • Bardgett, R.D., Wardle, D.A. & Yeates, G.W. (1998) Linking above-ground and below-ground interactions: how plant responses to foliar herbivory influence soil organisms. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 30, 1867-1878.
    • (1998) Soil Biology & Biochemistry , vol.30 , pp. 1867-1878
    • Bardgett, R.D.1    Wardle, D.A.2    Yeates, G.W.3
  • 9
  • 11
    • 0037273130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From twigs to landscapes: methods for studying ecological effects of forest ungulates
    • Bergström, R. & Edenius, L. (2003) From twigs to landscapes: methods for studying ecological effects of forest ungulates. Journal for Nature Conservation (Jena), 10, 203-211.
    • (2003) Journal for Nature Conservation (Jena) , vol.10 , pp. 203-211
    • Bergström, R.1    Edenius, L.2
  • 12
    • 0001439239 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal diets of the Denali caribou herd, Alaska
    • Boertje, R.D. (1984) Seasonal diets of the Denali caribou herd, Alaska. Arctic, 37, 161-165.
    • (1984) Arctic , vol.37 , pp. 161-165
    • Boertje, R.D.1
  • 13
    • 0034753612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reindeer reduce biomass of preferred plant species
    • Bråthen, K.A. & Oksanen, J. (2001) Reindeer reduce biomass of preferred plant species. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12, 473-480.
    • (2001) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.12 , pp. 473-480
    • Bråthen, K.A.1    Oksanen, J.2
  • 14
    • 34648824463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced shift in ecosystem productivity? Extensive scale effects of abundant large herbivores
    • Bråthen, K.A., Ims, R.A., Yoccoz, N.G., Fauchald, P., Tveraa, T. & Hausner, V.H. (2007) Induced shift in ecosystem productivity? Extensive scale effects of abundant large herbivores. Ecosystems, 10, 773-789.
    • (2007) Ecosystems , vol.10 , pp. 773-789
    • Bråthen, K.A.1    Ims, R.A.2    Yoccoz, N.G.3    Fauchald, P.4    Tveraa, T.5    Hausner, V.H.6
  • 15
    • 0036230020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary and secondary stem growth in Arctic shrubs: implications for community response to environmental change
    • Bret-Harte, M.S., Shaver, G.R. & Chapin, F.S. (2002) Primary and secondary stem growth in Arctic shrubs: implications for community response to environmental change. Journal of Ecology, 90, 251-267.
    • (2002) Journal of Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 251-267
    • Bret-Harte, M.S.1    Shaver, G.R.2    Chapin, F.S.3
  • 17
    • 0021032459 scopus 로고
    • Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory
    • Bryant, J.P., Chapin, F.S. & Klein, D.R. (1983) Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory. Oikos, 40, 357-368.
    • (1983) Oikos , vol.40 , pp. 357-368
    • Bryant, J.P.1    Chapin, F.S.2    Klein, D.R.3
  • 18
    • 0021554702 scopus 로고
    • The effects of grazing by lesser snow geese on the vegetation of a sub-Arctic salt marsh
    • Cargill, S.M. & Jefferies, R.L. (1984) The effects of grazing by lesser snow geese on the vegetation of a sub-Arctic salt marsh. Journal of Applied Ecology, 21, 669-686.
    • (1984) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.21 , pp. 669-686
    • Cargill, S.M.1    Jefferies, R.L.2
  • 19
    • 84876800887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CARMA Eastern NWT and Nunavut [herd] animation. CicumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network. Available at: (accessed 1 November 2012).
    • CARMA (2008) Eastern NWT and Nunavut [herd] animation. CicumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network. Available at: http://www.caff.is/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=684&Itemid=1341 (accessed 1 November 2012).
    • (2008)
  • 20
    • 3142709209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAVM U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska.
    • CAVM (2003) Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska.
    • (2003) Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map
  • 22
    • 0001133250 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal movement of nutrients in plants of differing growth form in an Alaskan tundra ecosystem: implications for herbivory
    • Chapin, F.S. III, Johnson, D.A. & McKendrick, J.D. (1980) Seasonal movement of nutrients in plants of differing growth form in an Alaskan tundra ecosystem: implications for herbivory. Journal of Ecology, 68, 189-210.
    • (1980) Journal of Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 189-210
    • Chapin III, F.S.1    Johnson, D.A.2    McKendrick, J.D.3
  • 24
    • 77950327591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil microbial biomass, nutrient availability and nitrogen mineralization potential among vegetation-types in a low Arctic tundra landscape
    • Chu, H. & Grogan, P. (2010) Soil microbial biomass, nutrient availability and nitrogen mineralization potential among vegetation-types in a low Arctic tundra landscape. Plant and Soil, 329, 411-420.
    • (2010) Plant and Soil , vol.329 , pp. 411-420
    • Chu, H.1    Grogan, P.2
  • 25
  • 26
    • 0344404396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent suppression in dwarf birth after release from heavy summer browsing by caribou
    • Crête, M. & Doucet, G.J. (1998) Persistent suppression in dwarf birth after release from heavy summer browsing by caribou. Arctic and Alpine Research, 30, 126-132.
    • (1998) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.30 , pp. 126-132
    • Crête, M.1    Doucet, G.J.2
  • 27
    • 0025632197 scopus 로고
    • Food selection during early lactation by caribou calving on the tundra in Quebec
    • Crête, M., Huot, J. & Gauthier, L. (1990) Food selection during early lactation by caribou calving on the tundra in Quebec. Arctic, 43, 60-65.
    • (1990) Arctic , vol.43 , pp. 60-65
    • Crête, M.1    Huot, J.2    Gauthier, L.3
  • 30
    • 33746870798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the abundance, composition and species richness of mountain vegetation in relation to summer grazing by reindeer
    • Eskelinen, A. & Oksanen, J. (2006) Changes in the abundance, composition and species richness of mountain vegetation in relation to summer grazing by reindeer. Journal of Vegetation Science, 17, 245-254.
    • (2006) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.17 , pp. 245-254
    • Eskelinen, A.1    Oksanen, J.2
  • 32
    • 0001247395 scopus 로고
    • On tyrosine and tryptophane determination in proteins
    • Folin, O. & Ciocalteu, V. (1927) On tyrosine and tryptophane determination in proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 27, 239-343.
    • (1927) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.27 , pp. 239-343
    • Folin, O.1    Ciocalteu, V.2
  • 33
    • 77953175472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russian Arctic warming and 'greening' are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows
    • Forbes, B.C., Fauria, M.M. & Zetterberg, P. (2009) Russian Arctic warming and 'greening' are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows. Global Change Biology, 16, 1542-1554.
    • (2009) Global Change Biology , vol.16 , pp. 1542-1554
    • Forbes, B.C.1    Fauria, M.M.2    Zetterberg, P.3
  • 34
    • 0003848960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NWT.
    • Fourier, B. & Gunn, A. (1998) Muskox Numbers and Distribution in the Northwest Territories, 1997. Department of Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NWT.
    • (1998) Muskox Numbers and Distribution in the Northwest Territories, 1997
    • Fourier, B.1    Gunn, A.2
  • 35
    • 0031704564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ungulate vs. landscape control of soil C and N processes in grasslands of Yellowstone National Park
    • Frank, D.A. & Groffman, P.M. (1998) Ungulate vs. landscape control of soil C and N processes in grasslands of Yellowstone National Park. Ecology, 79, 2229-2241.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2229-2241
    • Frank, D.A.1    Groffman, P.M.2
  • 38
    • 0036283526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dry heath Arctic tundra responses to long-term nutrient and light manipulation
    • Gough, L., Wookey, P.A. & Shaver, G.R. (2002) Dry heath Arctic tundra responses to long-term nutrient and light manipulation. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 34, 211-218.
    • (2002) Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research , vol.34 , pp. 211-218
    • Gough, L.1    Wookey, P.A.2    Shaver, G.R.3
  • 39
    • 38949217999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term mammalian herbivory and nutrient addition alter lichen community structure in Alaskan dry heath tundra
    • Gough, L., Shrestha, K., Johnson, D.R. & Moon, B. (2008) Long-term mammalian herbivory and nutrient addition alter lichen community structure in Alaskan dry heath tundra. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 40, 65-73.
    • (2008) Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research , vol.40 , pp. 65-73
    • Gough, L.1    Shrestha, K.2    Johnson, D.R.3    Moon, B.4
  • 40
    • 0036687885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant responses to fertilization and exclusion of grazers on an Arctic tundra heath
    • Grellmann, D. (2002) Plant responses to fertilization and exclusion of grazers on an Arctic tundra heath. Oikos, 98, 190-204.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.98 , pp. 190-204
    • Grellmann, D.1
  • 41
    • 33845400730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voles, lemmings and caribou - population cycles revisited?
    • Gunn, A. (2003) Voles, lemmings and caribou - population cycles revisited? Rangifer, 23, 105-111.
    • (2003) Rangifer , vol.23 , pp. 105-111
    • Gunn, A.1
  • 43
    • 33847731517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ungulate impact on vegetation in a two-level trophic system
    • Hansen, B.B., Henriksen, S., Aanes, R. & Saether, B.-E. (2007) Ungulate impact on vegetation in a two-level trophic system. Polar Biology, 30, 549-558.
    • (2007) Polar Biology , vol.30 , pp. 549-558
    • Hansen, B.B.1    Henriksen, S.2    Aanes, R.3    Saether, B.-E.4
  • 44
    • 0026308013 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of tundra vegetation after overgrazing by caribou in Arctic Canada
    • Henry, G.H.R. & Gunn, A. (1991) Recovery of tundra vegetation after overgrazing by caribou in Arctic Canada. Arctic, 44, 38-42.
    • (1991) Arctic , vol.44 , pp. 38-42
    • Henry, G.H.R.1    Gunn, A.2
  • 45
    • 5344271267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of reindeer browsing on tundra willow and its associated insect herbivores
    • den Herder, M., Virtanen, R. & Roininen, H. (2004) Effects of reindeer browsing on tundra willow and its associated insect herbivores. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 870-879.
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.41 , pp. 870-879
    • Den Herder, M.1    Virtanen, R.2    Roininen, H.3
  • 46
    • 41949096693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reindeer herbivory reduces willow growth and grouse forage in a forest-tundra ecotone
    • den Herder, M., Virtanen, R. & Roininen, H. (2008) Reindeer herbivory reduces willow growth and grouse forage in a forest-tundra ecotone. Basic and Applied Ecology, 9, 324-331.
    • (2008) Basic and Applied Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 324-331
    • Den Herder, M.1    Virtanen, R.2    Roininen, H.3
  • 48
    • 0027431581 scopus 로고
    • Effects of simulated herbivory and intraspecific competition on the compensatory ability of birches
    • Hjálten, J., Danell, K. & Ericson, L. (1993) Effects of simulated herbivory and intraspecific competition on the compensatory ability of birches. Ecology, 74, 1136-1142.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1136-1142
    • Hjálten, J.1    Danell, K.2    Ericson, L.3
  • 49
    • 0027062277 scopus 로고
    • Effects of plant-species on nutrient cycling
    • Hobbie, S.E. (1992) Effects of plant-species on nutrient cycling. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 7, 336-339.
    • (1992) Trends in Ecology & Evolution , vol.7 , pp. 336-339
    • Hobbie, S.E.1
  • 50
    • 0030417343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of ecosystems by ungulates
    • Hobbs, N.T. (1996) Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. Journal of Wildlife Management, 60, 695-713.
    • (1996) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.60 , pp. 695-713
    • Hobbs, N.T.1
  • 51
    • 0029788975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbivore-induced changes in plant carbon allocation: assessment of below-ground C fluxes using carbon-14
    • Holland, J.N., Cheng, W.X. & Crossley, D.A. (1996) Herbivore-induced changes in plant carbon allocation: assessment of below-ground C fluxes using carbon-14. Oecologia, 107, 87-94.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.107 , pp. 87-94
    • Holland, J.N.1    Cheng, W.X.2    Crossley, D.A.3
  • 52
    • 70349971389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased plant biomass in a high Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008
    • Hudson, J.M.G. & Henry, G.H.R. (2009) Increased plant biomass in a high Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008. Ecology, 90, 2657-2663.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 2657-2663
    • Hudson, J.M.G.1    Henry, G.H.R.2
  • 53
    • 71849118214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation greening in the Canadian Arctic related to decadal warming
    • Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E. & Walker, D.A. (2009) Vegetation greening in the Canadian Arctic related to decadal warming. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 11, 2231-2238.
    • (2009) Journal of Environmental Monitoring , vol.11 , pp. 2231-2238
    • Jia, G.J.1    Epstein, H.E.2    Walker, D.A.3
  • 54
    • 9344221414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in plant forage quality in the range of the Porcupine caribou herd
    • Johnstone, J., Russell, D.E. & Griffith, B. (2002) Variations in plant forage quality in the range of the Porcupine caribou herd. Rangifer, 22, 83-91.
    • (2002) Rangifer , vol.22 , pp. 83-91
    • Johnstone, J.1    Russell, D.E.2    Griffith, B.3
  • 55
    • 0024196276 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the point intercept method for the estimation of plant biomass
    • Jonasson, S. (1988) Evaluation of the point intercept method for the estimation of plant biomass. Oikos, 52, 101-106.
    • (1988) Oikos , vol.52 , pp. 101-106
    • Jonasson, S.1
  • 56
    • 0032873720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses in microbes and plants to changed temperature, nutrient, and light regimes in the Arctic
    • Jonasson, S., Michelsen, A., Schmidt, I.K. & Nielsen, E.V. (1999) Responses in microbes and plants to changed temperature, nutrient, and light regimes in the Arctic. Ecology, 80, 1828-1843.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 1828-1843
    • Jonasson, S.1    Michelsen, A.2    Schmidt, I.K.3    Nielsen, E.V.4
  • 57
    • 0032992659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A protein competition model of phenolic allocation
    • Jones, C.G. & Hartley, S.E. (1999) A protein competition model of phenolic allocation. Oikos, 86, 27-44.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.86 , pp. 27-44
    • Jones, C.G.1    Hartley, S.E.2
  • 58
    • 58149507969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long- and short-term effects of reindeer grazing on tundra wetland vegetation
    • Kitti, H., Forbes, B.C. & Oksanen, J. (2009) Long- and short-term effects of reindeer grazing on tundra wetland vegetation. Polar Biology, 32, 253-261.
    • (2009) Polar Biology , vol.32 , pp. 253-261
    • Kitti, H.1    Forbes, B.C.2    Oksanen, J.3
  • 59
    • 0000511998 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation recovery patterns following overgrazing by reindeer on St. Matthew Island
    • Klein, D.R. (1987) Vegetation recovery patterns following overgrazing by reindeer on St. Matthew Island. Journal of Range Management, 40, 336-338.
    • (1987) Journal of Range Management , vol.40 , pp. 336-338
    • Klein, D.R.1
  • 60
    • 84876793658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation réciproque entre les caribous et la végétation des aires d'estivage: le cas du troupeau de caribous de la rivière George. PhD thesis, Université Laval.
    • Manseau, M. (1996) Relation réciproque entre les caribous et la végétation des aires d'estivage: le cas du troupeau de caribous de la rivière George. PhD thesis, Université Laval.
    • (1996)
    • Manseau, M.1
  • 61
    • 0030304872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of summer grazing by caribou on composition and productivity of vegetation: community and landscape level
    • Manseau, M., Huot, J. & Crete, M. (1996) Effects of summer grazing by caribou on composition and productivity of vegetation: community and landscape level. Journal of Ecology, 84, 503-513.
    • (1996) Journal of Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 503-513
    • Manseau, M.1    Huot, J.2    Crete, M.3
  • 62
    • 0036312823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging and movement paths of female reindeer: insights from fractal analysis, correlated random walks, and Levy flights
    • Mårell, A., Ball, J.P. & Hofgaard, A. (2002) Foraging and movement paths of female reindeer: insights from fractal analysis, correlated random walks, and Levy flights. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie, 80, 854-865.
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie , vol.80 , pp. 854-865
    • Mårell, A.1    Ball, J.P.2    Hofgaard, A.3
  • 63
    • 0000533876 scopus 로고
    • Grazing as an optimization process: grass-ungulate relationships in the Serengeti
    • McNaughton, S.J. (1979) Grazing as an optimization process: grass-ungulate relationships in the Serengeti. American Naturalist, 113, 691-703.
    • (1979) American Naturalist , vol.113 , pp. 691-703
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 64
    • 0005919716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
    • Mulvaney, R.L. (1996) Nitrogen-Inorganic Forms. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
    • (1996) Nitrogen-Inorganic Forms
    • Mulvaney, R.L.1
  • 65
    • 0026047221 scopus 로고
    • Effects of temperature and substrate quality on element mineralization in 6 Arctic soils
    • Nadelhoffer, K.J., Giblin, A.E., Shaver, G.R. & Laundre, J.A. (1991) Effects of temperature and substrate quality on element mineralization in 6 Arctic soils. Ecology, 72, 242-253.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 242-253
    • Nadelhoffer, K.J.1    Giblin, A.E.2    Shaver, G.R.3    Laundre, J.A.4
  • 67
    • 33645085035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short- and long-term effects of changes in reindeer grazing pressure on tundra heath vegetation
    • Olofsson, J. (2006) Short- and long-term effects of changes in reindeer grazing pressure on tundra heath vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 94, 431-440.
    • (2006) Journal of Ecology , vol.94 , pp. 431-440
    • Olofsson, J.1
  • 68
    • 69149092924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of simulated Reindeer Grazing, trampling, and waste products on nitrogen mineralization and primary production
    • Olofsson, J. (2009) Effects of simulated Reindeer Grazing, trampling, and waste products on nitrogen mineralization and primary production. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 41, 330-338.
    • (2009) Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research , vol.41 , pp. 330-338
    • Olofsson, J.1
  • 69
    • 0036107338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of herbivory on competition intensity in two Arctic-alpine tundra communities with different productivity
    • Olofsson, J., Moen, J. & Oksanen, J. (2002) Effects of herbivory on competition intensity in two Arctic-alpine tundra communities with different productivity. Oikos, 96, 265-272.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.96 , pp. 265-272
    • Olofsson, J.1    Moen, J.2    Oksanen, J.3
  • 70
    • 77957139483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of reindeer on boreal forest floor vegetation: does grazing cause vegetation state transitions?
    • Olofsson, J., Moen, J. & Ostlund, L. (2010) Effects of reindeer on boreal forest floor vegetation: does grazing cause vegetation state transitions? Basic and Applied Ecology, 11, 550-557.
    • (2010) Basic and Applied Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 550-557
    • Olofsson, J.1    Moen, J.2    Ostlund, L.3
  • 71
    • 33244471645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of reindeer density on vascular plant diversity on North Scandinavian mountains
    • Olofsson, J. & Oksanen, L. (2005) Effects of reindeer density on vascular plant diversity on North Scandinavian mountains. Rangifer, 25, 5-18.
    • (2005) Rangifer , vol.25 , pp. 5-18
    • Olofsson, J.1    Oksanen, L.2
  • 72
    • 1942489155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reindeer influence on ecosystem processes in the tundra
    • Olofsson, J., Stark, S. & Oksanen, L. (2004b) Reindeer influence on ecosystem processes in the tundra. Oikos, 105, 386-396.
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.105 , pp. 386-396
    • Olofsson, J.1    Stark, S.2    Oksanen, L.3
  • 73
    • 0035089031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of summer grazing by reindeer on composition of vegetation, productivity and nitrogen cycling
    • Olofsson, J., Kitti, H., Rautiainen, P., Stark, S. & Oksanen, L. (2001) Effects of summer grazing by reindeer on composition of vegetation, productivity and nitrogen cycling. Ecography, 24, 13-24.
    • (2001) Ecography , vol.24 , pp. 13-24
    • Olofsson, J.1    Kitti, H.2    Rautiainen, P.3    Stark, S.4    Oksanen, L.5
  • 74
    • 4043054475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of large and small mammalian herbivores for the plant community structure in the forest tundra ecotone
    • Olofsson, J., Hulme, P.E., Oksanen, L. & Suominen, O. (2004a) Importance of large and small mammalian herbivores for the plant community structure in the forest tundra ecotone. Oikos, 106, 324-334.
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.106 , pp. 324-334
    • Olofsson, J.1    Hulme, P.E.2    Oksanen, L.3    Suominen, O.4
  • 76
    • 50249157978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of reindeer grazing on the composition and species richness of vegetation in forest-tundra ecotone
    • Pajunen, A., Virtanen, R. & Roininen, H. (2008) The effects of reindeer grazing on the composition and species richness of vegetation in forest-tundra ecotone. Polar Biology, 31, 1233-1244.
    • (2008) Polar Biology , vol.31 , pp. 1233-1244
    • Pajunen, A.1    Virtanen, R.2    Roininen, H.3
  • 77
    • 84866167080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Browsing-mediated shrub canopy changes drive composition and species richness in forest-tundra ecosystems
    • Pajunen, A., Virtanen, R. & Roininen, H. (2012) Browsing-mediated shrub canopy changes drive composition and species richness in forest-tundra ecosystems. Oikos, 121, 1544-1552.
    • (2012) Oikos , vol.121 , pp. 1544-1552
    • Pajunen, A.1    Virtanen, R.2    Roininen, H.3
  • 78
    • 36448998135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of large herbivores in ecosystem nutrient cycles
    • eds K. Danell, R. Bergström & P. Duncan) -. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • Pastor, J., Cohen, Y. & Hobbs, N.T. (2006) The role of large herbivores in ecosystem nutrient cycles. Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation (eds K. Danell, R. Bergström & P. Duncan), pp. 289-325. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2006) Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation , pp. 289-325
    • Pastor, J.1    Cohen, Y.2    Hobbs, N.T.3
  • 79
    • 0027386543 scopus 로고
    • Moose browsing and soil fertility in the boreal forest of Isle Royale National Park
    • Pastor, J., Dewey, B., Naiman, R.J., McInnes, P.F. & Cohen, Y. (1993) Moose browsing and soil fertility in the boreal forest of Isle Royale National Park. Ecology, 74, 467-480.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 467-480
    • Pastor, J.1    Dewey, B.2    Naiman, R.J.3    McInnes, P.F.4    Cohen, Y.5
  • 80
    • 11144258904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term interactions between migratory caribou, wildfires and nunavik hunters inferred from tree rings
    • Payette, S., Boudreau, S., Morneau, C. & Pitre, N. (2004) Long-term interactions between migratory caribou, wildfires and nunavik hunters inferred from tree rings. Ambio, 33, 482-486.
    • (2004) Ambio , vol.33 , pp. 482-486
    • Payette, S.1    Boudreau, S.2    Morneau, C.3    Pitre, N.4
  • 81
    • 0029739598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between graminoid growth form and levels of grazing by caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Alaska
    • Post, E.S. & Klein, D.R. (1996) Relationships between graminoid growth form and levels of grazing by caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Alaska. Oecologia, 107, 364-372.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.107 , pp. 364-372
    • Post, E.S.1    Klein, D.R.2
  • 83
  • 84
    • 77949270757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additive partitioning of diversity reveals no scale-dependent impacts of large ungulates on the structure of tundra plant communities
    • Ravolainen, V.T., Yoccoz, N.G., Brathen, K.A., Ims, R.A., Iversen, M. & Gonzalez, V.T. (2010) Additive partitioning of diversity reveals no scale-dependent impacts of large ungulates on the structure of tundra plant communities. Ecosystems, 13, 157-170.
    • (2010) Ecosystems , vol.13 , pp. 157-170
    • Ravolainen, V.T.1    Yoccoz, N.G.2    Brathen, K.A.3    Ims, R.A.4    Iversen, M.5    Gonzalez, V.T.6
  • 85
  • 87
    • 66749139604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of climate change on the seasonal distribution of migratory caribou
    • Sharma, S., Couturier, S. & Côté, S.D. (2009) Impacts of climate change on the seasonal distribution of migratory caribou. Global Change Biology, 15, 2549-2562.
    • (2009) Global Change Biology , vol.15 , pp. 2549-2562
    • Sharma, S.1    Couturier, S.2    Côté, S.D.3
  • 88
    • 0000891873 scopus 로고
    • Response to fertilization by various plant growth forms in an Alaskan tundra: nutrient accumulation and growth
    • Shaver, G.R. & Chapin, F.S. III (1980) Response to fertilization by various plant growth forms in an Alaskan tundra: nutrient accumulation and growth. Ecology, 61, 662-675.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 662-675
    • Shaver, G.R.1    Chapin III, F.S.2
  • 89
    • 0026000741 scopus 로고
    • Production: biomass relationships and element cycling in contrasting Arctic vegetation types
    • Shaver, G.R. & Chapin, F.S. (1991) Production: biomass relationships and element cycling in contrasting Arctic vegetation types. Ecological Monographs, 61, 1-31.
    • (1991) Ecological Monographs , vol.61 , pp. 1-31
    • Shaver, G.R.1    Chapin, F.S.2
  • 90
    • 0033507034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of Arctic ecosystems to climate change: results of long-term field experiments in Sweden and Alaska
    • Shaver, G.R. & Jonasson, S. (1999) Response of Arctic ecosystems to climate change: results of long-term field experiments in Sweden and Alaska. Polar Research, 18, 245-252.
    • (1999) Polar Research , vol.18 , pp. 245-252
    • Shaver, G.R.1    Jonasson, S.2
  • 91
    • 43049116137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summer habitat preferences of GPS-collared reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus
    • Skarin, A., Danell, O., Bergstrom, R. & Moen, J. (2008) Summer habitat preferences of GPS-collared reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus. Wildlife Biology, 14, 1-15.
    • (2008) Wildlife Biology , vol.14 , pp. 1-15
    • Skarin, A.1    Danell, O.2    Bergstrom, R.3    Moen, J.4
  • 92
    • 0038477021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil microbial responses to herbivory in an Arctic tundra heath at two levels of nutrient availability
    • Stark, S. & Grellmann, D. (2002) Soil microbial responses to herbivory in an Arctic tundra heath at two levels of nutrient availability. Ecology, 83, 2736-2744.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 2736-2744
    • Stark, S.1    Grellmann, D.2
  • 93
    • 78650226069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple effects of reindeer grazing on the soil processes in nutrient-poor northern boreal forests
    • Stark, S., Mannisto, M.K. & Smolander, A. (2010) Multiple effects of reindeer grazing on the soil processes in nutrient-poor northern boreal forests. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 42, 2068-2077.
    • (2010) Soil Biology & Biochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 2068-2077
    • Stark, S.1    Mannisto, M.K.2    Smolander, A.3
  • 94
    • 0038286230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-parallel changes in soil microbial carbon and nitrogen dynamics due to reindeer grazing in northern boreal forests
    • Stark, S., Tuomi, J., Strommer, R. & Helle, T. (2003) Non-parallel changes in soil microbial carbon and nitrogen dynamics due to reindeer grazing in northern boreal forests. Ecography, 26, 51-59.
    • (2003) Ecography , vol.26 , pp. 51-59
    • Stark, S.1    Tuomi, J.2    Strommer, R.3    Helle, T.4
  • 95
    • 0034489843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of semi-domesticated reindeer on structure of tundra and forest communities in Fennoscandia: a review
    • Suominen, O. & Olofsson, J. (2000) Impacts of semi-domesticated reindeer on structure of tundra and forest communities in Fennoscandia: a review. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 37, 233-249.
    • (2000) Annales Zoologici Fennici , vol.37 , pp. 233-249
    • Suominen, O.1    Olofsson, J.2
  • 96
    • 33645510833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic
    • Tape, K., Sturm, M. & Racine, C. (2006) The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic. Global Change Biology, 12, 686-702.
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , pp. 686-702
    • Tape, K.1    Sturm, M.2    Racine, C.3
  • 98
    • 84876790948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrub expansion in the low Arctic: the influence of snow and vegetation feedbacks on nitrogen cycling. MSc thesis, Queen's University, Kingston ON.
    • Vankoughnett, M. (2010) Shrub expansion in the low Arctic: the influence of snow and vegetation feedbacks on nitrogen cycling. MSc thesis, Queen's University, Kingston ON.
    • (2010)
    • Vankoughnett, M.1
  • 99
    • 0030304336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect and extent of heavy grazing by reindeer in oligotrophic pine heaths in northeastern Fennoscandia
    • Väre, H., Ohtonen, R. & Mikkola, K. (1996) The effect and extent of heavy grazing by reindeer in oligotrophic pine heaths in northeastern Fennoscandia. Ecography, 19, 245-253.
    • (1996) Ecography , vol.19 , pp. 245-253
    • Väre, H.1    Ohtonen, R.2    Mikkola, K.3
  • 100
    • 66749091593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global declines of caribou and reindeer
    • Vors, L.S. & Boyce, M.S. (2009) Global declines of caribou and reindeer. Global Change Biology, 15, 2626-2633.
    • (2009) Global Change Biology , vol.15 , pp. 2626-2633
    • Vors, L.S.1    Boyce, M.S.2
  • 101
    • 33746903914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do herbivores cause habitat degradation or vegetation state transition? Evidence from the tundra
    • van der Wal, R. (2006) Do herbivores cause habitat degradation or vegetation state transition? Evidence from the tundra. Oikos, 114, 177-186.
    • (2006) Oikos , vol.114 , pp. 177-186
    • van der Wal, R.1
  • 102
    • 1342290142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mosses mediate grazer impacts on grass abundance in Arctic ecosystems
    • van der Wal, R. & Brooker, R.W. (2004) Mosses mediate grazer impacts on grass abundance in Arctic ecosystems. Functional Ecology, 18, 77-86.
    • (2004) Functional Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 77-86
    • van der Wal, R.1    Brooker, R.W.2
  • 103
    • 0031669458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do Svalbard reindeer regulate standing crop in the absence of predators? A test of the "exploitation ecosystems" model
    • Wegener, C. & Odasz-Albrigtsen, A.M. (1998) Do Svalbard reindeer regulate standing crop in the absence of predators? A test of the "exploitation ecosystems" model. Oecologia, 116, 202-206.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.116 , pp. 202-206
    • Wegener, C.1    Odasz-Albrigtsen, A.M.2
  • 104
    • 0001244612 scopus 로고
    • Habitat preference and forage consumption by reindeer and caribou near Atkasook, Alaska
    • White, R.G. & Trudell, J. (1980) Habitat preference and forage consumption by reindeer and caribou near Atkasook, Alaska. Arctic and Alpine Research, 12, 511-529.
    • (1980) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.12 , pp. 511-529
    • White, R.G.1    Trudell, J.2
  • 105
    • 0842291540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term ecosystem level experiments at Toolik Lake, Alaska, and at Abisko, Northern Sweden: generalizations and differences in ecosystem and plant type responses to global change
    • van Wijk, M.T., Clemmensen, K.E., Shaver, G.R., Williams, M., Callaghan, T.V., Chapin, F.S. et al. (2004) Long-term ecosystem level experiments at Toolik Lake, Alaska, and at Abisko, Northern Sweden: generalizations and differences in ecosystem and plant type responses to global change. Global Change Biology, 10, 105-123.
    • (2004) Global Change Biology , vol.10 , pp. 105-123
    • van Wijk, M.T.1    Clemmensen, K.E.2    Shaver, G.R.3    Williams, M.4    Callaghan, T.V.5    Chapin, F.S.6
  • 106
    • 81355163835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling dynamics of tundra plant communities on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia, in response to climate change and grazing pressure
    • Yu, Q., Epstein, H.E., Walker, D.A., Frost, G.V. & Forbes, B.C. (2011) Modeling dynamics of tundra plant communities on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia, in response to climate change and grazing pressure. Environmental Research Letters, 6, 1-12.
    • (2011) Environmental Research Letters , vol.6 , pp. 1-12
    • Yu, Q.1    Epstein, H.E.2    Walker, D.A.3    Frost, G.V.4    Forbes, B.C.5
  • 107
    • 33845387758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term abundance patterns of barren-ground caribou using trampling scars on roots of Picea mariana in the Northwest Territories, Canada
    • Zalatan, R., Gunn, A. & Henry, G.H.R. (2006) Long-term abundance patterns of barren-ground caribou using trampling scars on roots of Picea mariana in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 38, 624-630.
    • (2006) Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research , vol.38 , pp. 624-630
    • Zalatan, R.1    Gunn, A.2    Henry, G.H.R.3
  • 108
    • 84867046378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birch shrub growth in the low Arctic: the relative importance of experimental warming, enhanced nutrient availability, snow depth and caribou exclusion
    • Zamin, T.J. & Grogan, P. (2012) Birch shrub growth in the low Arctic: the relative importance of experimental warming, enhanced nutrient availability, snow depth and caribou exclusion. Environmental Research Letters, 7, 1-9.
    • (2012) Environmental Research Letters , vol.7 , pp. 1-9
    • Zamin, T.J.1    Grogan, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.