Resting state cortical electroencephalographic rhythms in covert hepatic encephalopathy and alzheimer's disease

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 707-725

  Babiloni, Claudio ^a,b   Vecchio, Fabrizio ^c   Del Percio, Claudio ^b   Montagnese, Sara ^d   Schiff, Sami ^d   Lizio, Roberta ^b   Chini, Giorgia ^e   Serviddio, Gaetano ^f   Marzano, Nicola ^g   Soricelli, Andrea ^g,h   Frisoni, Giovanni B ⁱ   Rossini, Paolo M ^b,j   Amodio, Piero ^e  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^b IRCCS SAN RAFFAELE PISANA   (Italy)

^c Isola Tiberina   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^e SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF FOGGIA   (Italy)

^g IRCCS SDN   (Italy)

^h UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES PARTHENOPE   (Italy)

ⁱ IRCCS ISTITUTO CENTRO SAN GIOVANNI DI DIO FATEBENEFRATELLI   (Italy)

^j CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

more..

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; covert hepatic encephalopathy; electroencephalography; hepatic encephalopathy; liver cirrhosis; low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography; mild cognitive impairment; minimal hepatic encephalopathy

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALPHA RHYTHM; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELTA RHYTHM; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FEMALE; FRONTAL CORTEX; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMAN; LIMBIC CORTEX; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LOW RESOLUTION BRAIN ELECTROMAGNETIC TOMOGRAPHY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OCCIPITAL CORTEX; PARIETAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPATIAL FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION; TEMPORAL CORTEX; THETA RHYTHM;

EID: 84876349456     PISSN: 13872877     EISSN: 18758908     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-121807     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Ferenci P, Lockwood A, Mullen K, Tarter R,Weissenborn K, Blei AT (2002) Hepatic encephalopathy-definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: Final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 35, 716-721. (Pubitemid 34183979)
2. Amodio P, Montagnese S, Gatta A, Morgan MY (2004) Characteristics of minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 19, 253-267. (Pubitemid 39361187)
3. Ferenci P, Stauber R, Steindl-Munda P, Gschwantler M, Fickert P, Datz C, Müller C, Hackl F, Rainer W, Watkins- Riedel T, Lin W, Krejs GJ, Gangl A; Austrian Hepatitis Study Group (2001) Treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C not responding to interferon with high-dose interferon alpha with or without ribavirin: Final results of a prospective randomized trial. Austrian Hepatitis Study Group. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13, 699-705. (Pubitemid 32547870)
4. Conn HO, Leevy CM, Vlahcevic ZR, Rodgers JB, MaddreyWC, Seeff L, Levy LL (1977) Comparison of lactulose and neomycin in the treatment of chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy. A double blind controlled trial. Gastroenterology 72, 573-583. (Pubitemid 8097592)
5. Bajaj JS, Cordoba J, Mullen KD, Amodio P, Shawcross DL, Butterworth RF, Morgan MY (2011) Review article: The design of clinical trials in hepatic encephalopathy-an International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN) consensus statement. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 33, 739-747.
6. Ortiz M, Jacas C, Cordoba J (2005) Minimal hepatic encephalopathy: Diagnosis, clinical significance and recommendations. J Hepatol 42(Suppl 1), S45-S53. (Pubitemid 40364603)
7. Bajaj JS, Hafeezullah M, Franco J, Varma RR, Hoffmann RG, Knox JF, Hischke D, Hammeke TA, Pinkerton SD, Saeian K (2008) Inhibitory control test for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology 135, 1591-1600.e1.
8. Amodio P, Del Piccolo F, Pettenò E, Mapelli D, Angeli P, Iemmolo R, Muraca M, Musto C, Gerunda G, Rizzo C, Merkel C, Gatta A (2001) Prevalence and prognostic value of quantified electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations in cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol 35, 37-45. (Pubitemid 32646222)
9. Mullen KD, Prakash RK (2012) Management of covert hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Liver Dis 16, 91-93.
10. Kappus MR, Bajaj JS (2012) Covert hepatic encephalopathy: Not as minimal as you might think. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 10, 1208-1219.
11. Parsons-Smith BG, Summerskill WH, Dawson AM, Sherlock S (1957) The electroencephalograph in liver disease. Lancet 273, 867-871.
12. Hawkes CH, Brunt PW (1970) Automatic EEG analysis in hepatic cirrhosis. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 28, 428.
13. Van der Rijt CC, Schalm SW, De Groot GH, De Vlieger M (1984) Objective measurement of hepatic encephalopathy by means of automated EEG analysis. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 57, 423-426. (Pubitemid 14134766)
14. Amodio P, Quero JC, Del Piccolo F, Gatta A, Schalm SW (1996) Diagnostic tools for the detection of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy: Comparison of standard and computerized psychometric tests with spectral-EEG. Metab Brain Dis 11, 315-327. (Pubitemid 27004857)
15. Amodio P, Marchetti P, Del Piccolo F, de Tourtchaninoff M, Varghese P, Zuliani C, Campo G, Gatta A, Guérit JM (1999) Spectral versus visual EEG analysis in mild hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Neurophysiol 110, 1334-1344. (Pubitemid 29333869)
16. Amodio P, Pellegrini A, Ubiali E, Mathy I, Piccolo FD, Orsato R, Gatta A, Guerit JM (2006) The EEG assessment of low-grade hepatic encephalopathy: Comparison of an artificial neural network-expert system (ANNES) based evaluation with visual EEG readings and EEG spectral analysis. Clin Neurophysiol 117, 2243-2251. (Pubitemid 44349121)
17. Amodio P, Orsato R, Marchetti P, Schiff S, Poci C, Angeli P, Gatta A, Sparacino G, Toffolo GM (2009) Electroencephalographic analysis for the assessment of hepatic encephalopathy: Comparison of non-parametric and parametric spectral estimation techniques. Neurophysiol Clin 39, 107-115.
18. Kullmann F, Hollerbach S, Lock G, Holstege A, Dierks T, Schölmerich J (2001) Brain electrical activity mapping of EEG for the diagnosis of (sub)clinical hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13, 513-522. (Pubitemid 32466253)
19. Sun QJ,Wang AH, Zhu MJ, Han J, Zhang XQ (2007) EEG, CT and MRI findings in hepatic encephalopathy. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 27, 1759-1761.
20. Marchetti P, D'Avanzo C, Orsato R, Montagnese S, Schiff S, Kaplan PW, Piccione F, Merkel C, Gatta A, Sparacino G, Toffolo GM, Amodio P (2011) Electroencephalography in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 141, 1680-9e1-e2.
21. Quero JC, Hartmann IJ, Meulstee J, Hop WC, Schalm SW (1996) The diagnosis of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis using neuropsychological tests and automated electroencephalogram analysis. Hepatology 24, 556-560. (Pubitemid 26295997)
22. Olesen SS, Graversen C, Hansen TM, Blauenfeldt RA, Hansen JB, Steimle K, Drewes AM (2011) Spectral and dynamic electroencephalogram abnormalities are correlated to psychometric test performance in hepatic encephalopathy. Scand J Gastroenterol 46, 988-996.
23. Sagalés T, Gimeno V, de la Calzada MD, Casellas F, Dolors MM, Villar SM (1990) Brain mapping analysis in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Brain Topogr 2, 221-228. (Pubitemid 20237637)
24. Hori T (1985) Spatiotemporal changes of EEG activity during wakingsleeping transition period. Int J Neurosci 27, 101-114.
25. Santamaria J, Chiappa KH (1987) The EEG of drowsiness in normal adults. J Clin Neurophysiol 4, 327-382.
26. De Gennaro L, Vecchio F, Ferrara M, Curcio G, Rossini PM, Babiloni C (2004) Changes in fronto-posterior functional coupling at sleep onset in humans. J Sleep Res 13, 209-217. (Pubitemid 39331181)
27. Montagnese S, Jackson C, Morgan MY (2007) Spatiotemporal decomposition of the electroencephalogram in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 46, 447-458. (Pubitemid 46185704)
28. Amodio P, Marchetti P, Del Piccolo F, Rizzo C, Iemmolo RM, Caregaro L, Gerunda G, Gatta A (1998) Study on the Sternberg paradigm in cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 13, 159-172. (Pubitemid 28350750)
29. Babiloni C, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Cerboneschi D, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Lanuzza B, Miniussi C, Moretti DV, Nobili F, Pascual-Marqui RD, Rodriguez G, Romani GL, Salinari S, Tecchio F, Vitali P, Zanetti O, Zappasodi F, RossiniPM(2004) Mapping distributed sources of cortical rhythms in mild Alzheimer's disease.Amulticentric EEG study. NeuroImage 22, 57-67. (Pubitemid 38515813)
30. Babiloni C, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Hirata K, Lanuzza B, Miniussi C, Moretti DV, Nobili F, Rodriguez G, Romani GL, Salinari S, Rossini PM (2006) Sources of cortical rhythms change as a function of cognitive impairment in pathological aging: A multicenter study. Clin Neurophysiol 117, 252-268. (Pubitemid 43228015)
31. Babiloni C, Cassetta E, Binetti G, Tombini M, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Lanuzza B, Nobili F, Parisi L, Rodriguez G, Frigerio L, Gurzi M, Prestia A, Vernieri F, Eusebi F, Rossini PM (2007) Resting EEG sources correlate with attentional span in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 25, 3742-3757. (Pubitemid 47022959)
32. Babiloni C, Squitti R, Del Percio C, Cassetta E, Ventriglia MC, Ferreri F, Tombini M, Frisoni G, Binetti G, Gurzi M, Salinari S, Zappasodi F, Rossini PM (2007) Free copper and resting temporal EEG rhythms correlate across healthy, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 118, 1244-1260. (Pubitemid 46736024)
33. Dierks T, Jelic V, Pascual-Marqui RD, Wahlund LO, Julin P, Linden DEJ, Maurer K, Winblad B, Nordberg A (2000) Spatial pattern of cerebral glucose metabolism (PET) correlates with localization of intracerebral EEG-generators in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 111, 1817-1824.
34. Huang C, Wahlund LO, Dierks T, Julin P, Winblad B, Jelic V (2000) Discrimination of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment by equivalent EEG sources: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Clin Neurophysiol 11, 1961-1967.
35. Babiloni C, De Pandis MF, Vecchio F, Buffo P, Sorpresi F, Frisoni GB, Rossini PM (2011) Cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic rhythms in Parkinson's disease related dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 122, 2355-2364.
36. During EH, Osorio RS, Elahi FM, Mosconi L, de Leon MJ (2011) The concept of FDG-PET endophenotype in Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 32, 559-569.
37. Jones EA, Mullen KD (2012) Theories of the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Liver Dis 16, 7-26.
38. Schomerus H, Hamster W (1998) Neuropsychological aspects of portal-systemic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 13, 361-377. (Pubitemid 29063735)
39. Weissenborn K, Ennen JC, Schomerus H,Rückert N, Hecker H (2001) Neuropsychological characterization of hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol 34, 768-773. (Pubitemid 32488796)
40. Amodio P, Campagna F, Olianas S, Iannizzi P, Mapelli D, Penzo M, Angeli P, Gatta A (2008) Detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: Normalization and optimization of the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score. A neuropsychological and quantified EEG study. J Hepatol 49, 346-353.
41. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Schaid SN, Thibodeau SN, Kokmen E, Waring SC, Kurland LT (1995) Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired individuals. JAMA 273, 1274-1278.
42. Petersen RC, Doody R, Kurz A, Mohs RC, Morris JC, Rabins PV, Ritchie K, Rossor M, Thal L,Winblad B (2001) Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 58, 1985-1992. (Pubitemid 33143977)
43. Grundman M, Petersen RC, Ferris SH, Thomas RG, Aisen PS, BennettDA, Foster NL, Jack CR Jr, Galasko DR, Doody R, Kaye J, Sano M, Mohs R, Gauthier S, Kim HT, Jin S, Schultz AN, Schafer K, Mulnard R, van Dyck CH, Mintzer J, Zamrini EY, Cahn-Weiner D, Thal LJ; Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (2004) Mild cognitive impairment can be distinguished from Alzheimer disease and normal aging for clinical trials. Arch Neurol 61, 59-66. (Pubitemid 38067415)
44. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of theNINCDS-ADRDAWork Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 34, 939-944. (Pubitemid 14076461)
45. Rosen WG, Terry RD, Fuld PA, Katzman R, Peck A (1980) Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias. Ann Neurol 7, 486-488. (Pubitemid 10073130)
46. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, Leirer VO (1982-83) Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 17, 37-49. (Pubitemid 13123113)
47. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) 'Mini Mental State': A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for clinician. J Psychiat Res 12, 189-198.
48. Lawton MP, Brodie EM (1969) Assessment of older people: Self maintaining and instrumental activity of daily living. J Gerontol 9, 179-186.
49. Román GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, Cummings JL, Masdeu JC, Garcia JH, Amaducci L, Orgogozo JM, Brun A, Hofman A et al. (1993) Vascular dementia: Diagnostic criteria for research studies Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 43, 250-260. (Pubitemid 23060253)
50. McKeith IG, Dickson DW, Lowe J, Emre M, O'Brien JT, Feldman H, Cummings J, Duda JE, Lippa C, Perry EK, Aarsland D, Arai H, Ballard CG, Boeve B, Burn DJ, Costa D, Del Ser T, Dubois B, Galasko D, Gauthier S, Goetz CG, Gomez- Tortosa E, Halliday G, Hansen LA, Hardy J, Iwatsubo T, Kalaria RN, Kaufer D, Kenny RA, Korczyn A, Kosaka K, Lee VM, Lees A, Litvan I, Londos E, Lopez OL, Minoshima S, MizunoY, Molina JA,Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Pasquier F, Perry RH, Schulz JB, Trojanowski JQ, YamadaM(2005) Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Third report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology 65, 1863-1872. (Pubitemid 43970103)
51. Moretti DV, Babiloni F, Carducci F, Cincotti F, Remondini E, Rossini PM, Salinari S, Babiloni C (2003) Computerized processing of EEG-EOG-EMG artifacts for multicentric studies in EEG oscillations and event-related potentials. Int J Psychophysiol 47, 199-216. (Pubitemid 36344134)
52. Besthorn C, Zerfass R, Geiger-Kabisch C, Sattel H, Daniel S, Schreiter-Gasser U, Forstl H (1997) Discrimination of Alzheimer's disease and normal aging by EEG data. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 103, 241-248. (Pubitemid 27351619)
53. Chiaramonti R, Muscas GC, Paganini M, Muller TJ, Fallgatter AJ, Versari A, Strik WK (1997) Correlations of topographical EEG features with clinical severity in mild and moderate dementia of Alzheimer type. Neuropsychobiology 36, 153-158. (Pubitemid 27384830)
54. Jelic V, Shigeta M, Julin P (1996) Quantitative electroencephalography power and coherence in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Dementia 7, 314-323. (Pubitemid 26341260)
55. Leuchter AF, Cook IA, Newton TF, Dunkin J, Walter DO, Rosenberg Tompson S, Lachenbruch PA, Weiner H (1993) Regional differences in brain electrical activity in dementia: Use of spectral power and spectral ratio measures. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 87, 385-393. (Pubitemid 24012334)
56. Rodriguez G, Copello F, Nobili F, Vitali P, Perego G, Nobili F (1999) EEG spectral profile to stage Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 110, 1831-1837. (Pubitemid 29459161)
57. Babiloni C, Benussi L, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Ghidoni R, Miniussi C, Rodriguez G, Romani GL, Squitti R, Ventriglia MC, Rossini PM (2006) Apolipoprotein E and alpha brain rhythms in mild cognitive impairment: A multicentric Electroencephalogram study. Ann Neurol 59, 323-334. (Pubitemid 43202486)
58. Babiloni C, Benussi L, Binetti G, Bosco P, Busonero G, Cesaretti S, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Ghidoni R, Rodriguez G, Squitti R, Rossini PM (2006) Genotype (cystatin C) andEEGphenotype in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment: A multicentric study. Neuroimage 29, 948-964. (Pubitemid 43121219)
59. Babiloni C, Frisoni G, Steriade M, Bresciani L, Binetti G, Del Percio C, Geroldi C, Miniussi C, Nobili F, Rodriguez G, Zappasodi F, Carfagna T, Rossini PM (2006) Frontal white matter volume and delta EEG sources negatively correlate in awake subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 117, 1113-1129.
60. Babiloni C, Cassetta E, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Lanuzza B, Miniussi C, Moretti DV, Nobili F, Pascual-Marqui RD, Rodriguez G, Luca Romani G, Salinari S, Zanetti O, Rossini PM (2006) Donepezil effects on sources of cortical rhythms in mild Alzheimer's disease: Responders vs. Non-Responders. Neuroimage 31, 1650- 1665.
61. Babiloni C, Vecchio F, Cappa S, Pasqualetti P, Rossi S, Miniussi C, Rossini PM (2006) Functional frontoparietal connectivity during encoding and retrieval processes follows HERA model. A high-resolution study. Brain Res Bull 68, 203-212. (Pubitemid 41829583)
62. Babiloni C, Bosco P, Ghidoni R, Del Percio C, Squitti R, Binetti G, Benussi L, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Lanuzza B, Cassetta E, Anello G, Gurzi M, Bartesaghi S, Lizio R, Tombini M, Rossini PM (2007) Homocysteine and electroencephalographic rhythms in Alzheimer disease: A multicentric study. Neuroscience 145, 942-954. (Pubitemid 46454356)
63. Babiloni C, Frisoni GB, Pievani M, Vecchio F, Infarinato F, Geroldi C, Salinari S, Ferri R, Fracassi C, Eusebi F, Rossini PM (2008) White matter vascular lesions are related to parietal-to-frontal coupling of EEG rhythms in mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 29, 1355-1367.
64. Babiloni C, Frisoni GB, Pievani M, Toscano L, Del Percio C, Geroldi C, Eusebi F, Miniussi C, Rossini PM (2008) Whitematter vascular lesions correlate with alpha EEG sources in mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia 46, 1707- 1720.
65. Babiloni C, Frisoni GB, Pievani M, Vecchio F, Lizio R, Buttiglione M, Geroldi C, Fracassi C, Eusebi F, Ferri R, Rossini PM (2009) Hippocampal volume and cortical sources of EEG alpha rhythms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. Neuroimage 44, 123-135.
66. Babiloni C, Pievani M, Vecchio F, Geroldi C, Eusebi F, Fracassi C, Fletcher E, De Carli C, Boccardi M, Rossini PM, Frisoni GB (2009) White-matter lesions along the cholinergic tracts are related to cortical sources of EEG rhythms in amnesic mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 30, 1431-1443.
67. Babiloni C, Frisoni GB, Vecchio F, Pievani M, Geroldi C, De Carli C, Ferri R, Vernieri F, Lizio R, Rossini PM (2010) Global functional coupling of restingEEGrhythms is related to white-matter lesions along the cholinergic tracts in subjects with amnesic mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 19, 859-871.
68. Babiloni C, Visser PJ, Frisoni G, De Deyn PP, Bresciani L, Jelic V, Nagels G, Rodriguez G, Rossini PM, Vecchio F, Colombo D, Verhey F, Wahlund LO, Nobili F (2010) Cortical sources of resting EEG rhythms in mild cognitive impairment and subjective memory complaint. Neurobiol Aging 31, 1787-1798.
69. Babiloni C, Frisoni GB, Vecchio F, Lizio R, Pievani M, Cristina G, Fracassi C, Vernieri F, Rodriguez G, Nobili F, Ferri R, Rossini PM (2011) Stability of clinical condition in mild cognitive impairment is related to cortical sources of alpha rhythms: An electroencephalographic study. Hum Brain Mapp 32, 1916-1931.
70. Babiloni C, Lizio R, Carducci F, Vecchio F, Redolfi A, Marino S, Tedeschi G, Montella P, Guizzaro A, Esposito F, Bozzao A, Giubilei F, Orzi F, Quattrocchi CC, Soricelli A, Salvatore E, Baglieri A, Bramanti P, Cavedo E, Ferri R, Cosentino F, Ferrara M, Mundi C, Grilli G, Pugliese S, Gerardi G, Parisi L, Vernieri F, Triggiani AI, Pedersen JT, H°ardemark HG, Rossini PM, Frisoni GB (2011) Resting state cortical electroencephalographic rhythms and white matter vascular lesions in subjects with Alzheimer's disease: An Italian multicenter study. J Alzheimers Dis 26, 331-346.
71. Babiloni C, Carducci F, Lizio R, Vecchio F, Baglieri A, Bernardini S, Cavedo E, Bozzao A, Buttinelli C, Esposito F, Giubilei F, Guizzaro A, Marino S, Montella P, Quattrocchi CC, Redolfi A, Soricelli A, Tedeschi G, Ferri R, Rossi-Fedele G, Ursini F, Scrascia F, Vernieri F, Pedersen TJ, Hardemark HG, Rossini PM, Frisoni GB (2012) Resting state cortical electroencephalographic rhythms are related to gray matter volume in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp, doi: 10.1002/hbm.22005
72. Holschneider DP, Waite JJ, Leuchter AF, Walton NY, Scremin OU (1999) Changes in electrocortical power and coherence in response to the selective cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin. Exp Brain Res 126, 270-280. (Pubitemid 29219105)
73. Kolev V, Yordanova J, Basar-Eroglu C, Basar E (2002) Age effects on visual EEG responses reveal distinct frontal alpha networks. Clin Neurophysiol 113, 901-910. (Pubitemid 34621196)
74. Nobili F, Taddei G, Vitali P, Bazzano L, Catsafados E, Mariani G, Rodriguez G (1998) Relationships between 99m Tc-HMPAO ceraspect and quantitative EEG observations in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 6, 363-368.
75. Pucci E, Cacchiò G, Angeloni R, Belardinelli N, Nolfe G, Signorino M, Angeleri F (1997) EEG spectral analysis Alzheimer's disease and different degenerative dementias. Arch Gereontol Geriatr 26, 283-297. (Pubitemid 28322873)
76. Klimesch W (1996) Memory processes, brain oscillations and EEG synchronization. Int J Psychophysiol 24, 61-100. (Pubitemid 27013763)
77. KlimeschW(1999) EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: A review and analysis. Brain Res Rev 29, 169-195. (Pubitemid 29191338)
78. Klimesch W, Doppelmayr M, Pachinger T, Russegger H (1997) Event-related desynchronization in the alpha band and the processing of semantic information. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 6, 83-94. (Pubitemid 28010031)
79. Klimesch W, Doppelmayr M, Russegger H, Pachinger T, Schwaiger J (1998) Induced alpha band power changes in the human EEG and attention. Neurosci Lett 244, 73-76. (Pubitemid 28157394)
80. Pascual-Marqui RD, Michel CM (1994) LORETA (low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography): New authentic 3D functional images of the brain. ISBET Newsletter ISSN 5, 4-8.
81. Pascual-Marqui RD, Lehmann D,Koenig T,Kochi K, Merlo MC, Hell D, Koukkou M (1999) Low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) functional imaging in acute, neuroleptic-naive, first-episode, productive schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 90, 169-179. (Pubitemid 29349649)
82. Pascual-Marqui RD, Esslen M,Kochi K, LehmannD(2002) Functional imaging with low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA): A review. Meth Findings Exp Clin Pharmacol 24, 91-95. (Pubitemid 35447387)
83. Phillips C, Rugg MD, Friston KJ (2002) Systemic regularization of linear inverse solutions of the EEG source localization problem. Neuroimage 17, 287-301.
84. Yao D, He B (2001) A self-coherence enhancement algorithm and its application to enhancing three-dimensional source estimation from EEGs. Ann Biomed Eng 29, 1019- 1027. (Pubitemid 34055203)
85. Talairach J, Tournoux P (1988) Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain. Thieme, Stuttgart.
86. Anderer P, Saletu B, Semlitsch HV, Pascual-Marqui RD (2003) Non-invasive localization of P300 sources in normal aging and age-associated memory impairment. Neurobiol Aging 24, 463-479. (Pubitemid 36205052)
87. Anderer P, Saletu B, Saletu-Zyhlarz G, Gruber D, Metka M, Huber J, Pascual-Marqui RD (2004) Brain regions activated during an auditory discrimination task in insomniac postmenopausal patients before and after hormone replacement therapy: Low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography applied to event-related potentials. Neuropsychobiology 49, 134-153. (Pubitemid 38420851)
88. Laufer I, PrattH(2003) Evoked potentials to auditory movement sensation in duplex perception. Clin Neurophysiol 114, 1316-1331. (Pubitemid 36776831)
89. Mulert C, Gallinat J, Pascual-Marqui R, Dorn H, Frick K, Schlattmann P, Mientus S, Herrmann WM, Winterer G (2001) Reduced event-related current density in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 13, 589-600. (Pubitemid 34184982)
90. Gerloff C, Richard J, Hadley J, Schulman AE, Honda M, Hallett M (1998) Functional coupling and regional activation of human cortical motor areas during simple, internally paced and externally paced finger movements. Brain 121, 1513-1531. (Pubitemid 28349904)
91. Thatcher RW, Krause PJ, HrybykM(1986) Cortico-cortical associations and EEG coherence: A two-compartmental model. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 64, 123-143. (Pubitemid 16057727)
92. Rappelsberger P, Petsche H (1988) Probability mapping: Power and coherence analyses of cognitive processes. Brain Topogr Fall 1, 46-54. (Pubitemid 19051961)
93. Gevins A, Smith ME, Leong H, McEvoy L, Whitfield S, Du R, Rush G (1998) Monitoring working memory load during computer-based tasks with EEG pattern recognition methods. Hum Factors 40, 79-91. (Pubitemid 28194524)
94. Locatelli T, Cursi M, Liberati D, Franceschi M, Comi G (1998) EEG coherence in Alzheimer's disease. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 106, 229-237. (Pubitemid 28157127)
95. Halliday DM, Rosenberg JR, Amjad AM, Breeze P, Conway BA, Farmer SF (1995) A framework for the analysis of mixed time series/point process data - theory and application to the study of physiological tremor, single motor unit discharges and electromyograms. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 64, 237-278.
96. Babiloni C, Brancucci A, Vecchio F, Arendt-Nielsen L, Chen AC, Rossini PM (2006) Anticipation of somatosensory and motor events increases centro-parietal functional coupling: An EEG coherence study. Clin Neurophysiol 117, 1000-1008.
97. Babiloni C, Frisoni GB, Vecchio F, Pievani M, Geroldi C, De Carli C, Ferri R, Vernieri F, Lizio R, Rossini PM (2010) Global functional coupling of restingEEGrhythms is related to white-matter lesions along the cholinergic tracts in subjects with amnesic mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 19, 859-871.
98. Babiloni C, Vecchio F, Lizio R, Ferri R, Rodriguez G, Marzano N, Frisoni GB, Rossini PM (2011) Resting state cortical rhythms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Electroencephalographic evidence. J Alzheimers Dis 26(Suppl 3), 201-214.
99. Del Percio C, Iacoboni M, Lizio R, Marzano N, Infarinato F, Vecchio F, Bertollo M, Robazza C, Comani S, Limatola C, BabiloniC(2011) Functional coupling of parietal rhythms is enhanced in athletes before visuomotor performance: A coherence electroencephalographic study. Neuroscience 175, 198-211.
100. Rossini PM, Del Percio C, Pasqualetti P, Cassetta E, Binetti G, Dal Forno G, Ferreri F, Frisoni G, Chiovenda P, Miniussi C, Parisi L, Tombini M, Vecchio F, Babiloni C (2006) Conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease is predicted by sources and coherence of brain electroencephalography rhythms. Neuroscience 143, 793-803. (Pubitemid 44781284)
101. Vecchio F, Babiloni C, Ferreri F, Curcio G, Fini R, Del Percio C, Rossini PM (2007) Mobile phone emission modulates interhemispheric functional coupling ofEEGalpha rhythms. Eur J Neurosci 25, 1908-1913. (Pubitemid 46549994)
102. Vecchio F, Babiloni C, Ferreri F, Buffo P, Cibelli G, Curcio G, van Dijkman S, Melgari JM, Giambattistelli F, Rossini PM (2010) Mobile phone emission modulates interhemispheric functional coupling of EEG alpha rhythms in elderly compared to young subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 121, 163-171.
103. Steriade M, Llinás RR (1988) The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay. Physiol Rev 68, 649-742.
104. Killiany RJ, Moss MB, Albert MS, Sandor T, Tieman J, Jolesz F (1993) Temporal lobe regions on magnetic resonance imaging identify patients with early Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 50, 949-954. (Pubitemid 23275123)
105. Steriade M, Amzica F, Contreras D (1994) Cortical and thalamic cellular correlates of electroencephalographic burst-suppression. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 90, 1-16. (Pubitemid 24057704)
106. Niedermeyer E (1997) Alpha rhythms as physiological and abnormal phenomena. Int J Psychophysiol 26, 31-49. (Pubitemid 27277684)
107. Fernández A, Arrazola J, Maestú F, Amo C, Gil-Gregorio P, Wienbruch C, Ortiz T (2003) Correlations of hippocampal atrophy and focal low-frequency magnetic activity in Alzheimer disease: Volumetric MR imagingmagnetoencephalographic study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24, 481-487. (Pubitemid 36359003)
108. Nobili F, Cutolo M, Sulli A, Castaldi A, Sardanelli F, Accardo S, Rosadini G, RodriguezG(1997) Impaired quantitative cerebral blood flowin scleroderma patients. J Neurol Sci 152, 63-71. (Pubitemid 27469711)
109. Moeller JJ, Tu B, BazilCW(2011) Quantitative and qualitative analysis of ambulatory electroencephalography during mild traumatic brain injury. Arch Neurol 68, 1595-1598.
110. Vernon PA (1993) Biological Approaches to the Study of Human Intelligence. Ablex, Norwood, NJ.
111. Haier RJ, Siegel BV, Nuechterlein KH, Hazlett E, Wu JC, Paek J, Browning HL, Buchsbaum MS (1988) Cortical glucose metabolicrate correlates of abstract reasoning and attention studied with positron emission tomography. Intelligence 12, 199-217.
112. Haier RJ, Jung RE, Yeo RA, Head K, Alkire MT (2004) Structural brain variation and general intelligence. NeuroImage 23, 425-433. (Pubitemid 39119473)
113. Rypma B, Berger JS, Prabhakaran V, Bly BM, Kimberg DY, Biswal BB, D'Esposito M (2006) Neural correlates of cognitive efficiency. NeuroImage 33, 969-979. (Pubitemid 44584746)
114. Limon A, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Miledi R (2011) GABAergic drugs and Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 3, 149- 153.
115. Ahboucha S, Butterworth RF (2004) Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy: A new look at GABA from the molecular standpoint. Metab Brain Dis 19, 331-343. (Pubitemid 39361191)
116. Palomero-Gallagher N, Bidmon HJ, Cremer M, Schleicher A, Kircheis G, Reifenberger G, Kostopoulos G, Häussinger D, Zilles K (2009) Neurotransmitter receptor imbalances in motor cortex and basal ganglia in hepatic encephalopathy. Cell Physiol Biochem 24, 291-306.
117. Ahboucha S, Butterworth RF (2007) The neurosteroid system: An emerging therapeutic target for hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 22, 291-308. (Pubitemid 47624317)
118. Cauli O, Llansola M, Erceg S, Felipo V (2006) Hypolocomotion in rats with chronic liver failure is due to increased glutamate and activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors in substantia nigra. J Hepatol 45, 654-661. (Pubitemid 44466667)
119. Ferreri F, Pauri F, Pasqualetti P, Fini R, Dal Forno G, Rossini PM(2003) Motor cortex excitability in Alzheimer's disease: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Ann Neurol 53, 102-108. (Pubitemid 36083834)
120. Di Lazzaro V, Oliviero A, Pilato F, Saturno E, Dileone M, Marra C, Daniele A, Ghirlanda S, Gainotti G, Tonali PA (2004) Motor cortex hyperexcitability to transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75, 555-559. (Pubitemid 38406651)
121. Butterworth RF (1996) The neurobiology of hepatic encephalopathy. Semin Liver Dis 16, 235-244. (Pubitemid 27029873)
122. FelipoV, Butterworth RF (2002) Neurobiology of ammonia. Prog Neurobiol 67, 259-279. (Pubitemid 35229984)