Statins and primary liver cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 229-234

  Pradelli, Danitza ^a   Soranna, Davide ^a   Scotti, Lorenza ^a   Zambon, Antonella ^a   Catapano, Alberico ^b   Mancia, Giuseppe ^a   La Vecchia, Carlo ^c,d   Corrao, Giovanni ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

^b Departments of Pharmacological Sciences   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^d MARIO NEGRI INSTITUTE FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH   (Italy)

Author keywords

hepatocellular carcinoma; liver cancer; meta analysis; observational studies; statin(s)

Indexed keywords

HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

CANCER RISK; DRUG EXPOSURE; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; META ANALYSIS; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; LIVER NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84875849200     PISSN: 09598278     EISSN: 14735709     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e328358761a     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Argo CK, Loria P, Cadwell SH, Lonardo A (2008). Statins in liver disease: a molehill, an iceberg, or neither? Hepatology 48:662-669.
2. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C, et al. (2005). Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: a prospective metaanalysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 366:1267-1278.
3. Bjerre LM, Lelorier J (2001). Do statins cause cancer? A meta-analysis of large randomized clinical trials. Am J Med 110:716-723. (Pubitemid 32524321)
4. Bonovas S, Filioussi K, Tsavaris N, Sitaras NM (2006). Statins and cancer risk: a literature-based meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol 24:4808-4817. (Pubitemid 46655612)
5. Bosetti C, Levi F, Boffetta P, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C (2008). Trends in mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma in Europe, 1980-2004. Hepatology 48:137-145. (Pubitemid 351980469)
6. Boudreau DM, Yu O, Johnson J (2010). Statin use and cancer risk: a comprehensive review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 9:603-621.
7. Brouet A, Sonveaux P, Dessy C, Moniotte S, Balligand JL, Feron O (2001). Hsp90 and Caveolin are key targets for the proangiogenic nitric oxidemediated effects of statins. Circ Res 89:866-873. (Pubitemid 34627891)
8. Browing DR, Martin RM (2007). Statins and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 120:833-843. (Pubitemid 46175404)
9. Cao Z, Fan-Minogue H, Bellovin DI, Yevtodiyenko A, Arzeno J, Yang Q, et al. (2011). MYC phosphorylation, activation, and tumorigenic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma are regulated by HMG-CoA reductase. Cancer Res 71:2286-2297.
10. Chan KK, Oza AM, Siu LL (2003). The statins as anticancer agents. Clin Cancer Res 9:10-19. (Pubitemid 36109711)
11. Chiu HF, Ho SC, Chen CC, Yang CY (2011). Statin use and the risk of liver cancer: a population-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol 106:894-898.
12. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration (2012). Lack of effect of lowering LDL cholesterol on cancer: meta-analysis of individual data from 175,000 people in 27 randomised trials of statin therapy. PloS One 7:e29849.
13. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' CTT Collaborators (2012). The effect of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomized trials. Lancet 380: 581-590.
14. Chuang SC, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P (2009). Liver cancer: descriptive epidemiology and risk factors other than HBV and HCV infection. Cancer Lett 286:9-14.
15. Cochrane WG (1954). The combination of estimates from different experiments. Biometrics 10:101-129.
16. Coleman WB (2003). Mechanisms of human hepatocarcinogenesis. Curr Mol Med 3:573-588. (Pubitemid 37168599)
17. Dale KM, Coleman CI, Henyan NN, Kluger J, White CM (2006). Statins and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. JAMA 295:74-80. (Pubitemid 43042692)
18. Demierre MF, Higgins PD, Gruber SB, Hawk E, Lippman SM (2005). Statins and cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer 5:930-942. (Pubitemid 41766782)
19. DerSimonian R, Laird N (1986). Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 7:177-188. (Pubitemid 17189972)
20. Egger M, Smith DG, Schneider M, Schneider M, Minder C (1997). Bias in metaanalysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 315:629-634. (Pubitemid 27387172)
21. El-Serag HB, Johnson ML, Hachem C, Morgana RO (2009). Statins are associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a large cohort of patients with diabetes. Gastroenterology 136:1601-1608.
22. Fausto N, Campbell JS, Riehle KJ (2006). Liver regeneration. Hepatology 43:S45-S53.
23. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM (2010). Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 127:2893-2917.
24. Franceschi S, Montella M, Polesel J, La Vecchia C, Crispo A, Dal Maso L, et al. (2006). Hepatitis viruses, alcohol, and tobacco in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:683-689.
25. Friedman GD, Flick ED, Udaltsova N, Chan J, Quesenberry CP Jr., Habel LA (2008). Screening statins for possible carcinogenic risk: up to 9 years of follow-up of 361,859 recipients. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 17: 27-36. (Pubitemid 351166615)
26. Friis S, Poulsen AH, Johnsen SP, McLaughlin JK, Fryzek JP, Dalton SO, et al. (2005). Cancer risk among statin users: a population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 114:643-647. (Pubitemid 40349625)
27. Hawk ET, Viner JL (2005). Statin and cancer - beyond the ''one drug, one disease' model. N Engl J Med 352:2238-2239. (Pubitemid 40727093)
28. Herbert PR, Gaziano JM, Chan KS, Hennekens CH (1997). Cholesterol lowering with statin drugs, risk of stroke, and total mortality: an overview of randomized trials. JAMA 278:313-321. (Pubitemid 27339660)
29. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327:557-560. (Pubitemid 37088507)
30. Kuoppala J, Lamminpaa A, Pukkala E (2008). Statins and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 44:2122-2132.
31. Lamb E (2009). Top 200 drugs of 2008. Pharmacy Times Web site 2009.
32. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Cavalieri d'Oro L, Franceschi S (1998). Liver cirrhosis and the risk of primary liver cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 7:315-320. (Pubitemid 28473983)
33. Lee JS, Chu IS, Mikaelyan A, Calvisi DF, Heo J, Reddy JK, et al. (2004). Application of comparative functional genomics to identify best-fit mouse models to study human cancer. Nat Genet 36:1306-1311. (Pubitemid 39577940)
34. Loria P, Lonardo A, Bellentani S, Day CP, Marchesini G, Carulli N (2007). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease: an open question. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 17:684-698. (Pubitemid 47593074)
35. MRC/BHF (2002). Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 360:7-22.
36. Newman TB, Hulley SB (1996). Carcinogenicity of lipid-lowering drugs. JAMA 275:55-60. (Pubitemid 26004257)
37. Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, Libby P, Raichlen JS, Ballantyne CM, et al. (2006). Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial. JAMA 295:1556-1565.
38. Park HJ, Kong D, Iruela-Arispe L, Begley U, Tang D, Galper JB (2002). 3-Hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors interfere with angiogenesis by inhibiting the geranylgeranylation of RhoA. Circ Res 91:143-150. (Pubitemid 34827225)
39. Pfeffer MA, Keech A, Sacks FM, Cobbe SM, Tonkin A, Byington RP, et al. (2002). Safety and tolerability of pravastatin in long-term clinical trials: prospective Pravastatin Pooling (PPP) Project. Circulation 105:2341-2346. (Pubitemid 34556383)
40. Riehle KJ, Campbell JS, McMahan RS, Johnson MM, Beyer RP, Bammler TK, et al. (2008). Regulation of liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. J Exp Med 205:91-103. (Pubitemid 351185718)
41. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, Rouleau JL, Rutherford JD, Cole TG, et al. (1996). The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med 335:1001-1009. (Pubitemid 26338729)
42. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study G (1994). Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 344:1383-1389.
43. Simons M (2000). Molecular multitasking: statins lead to more arteries, less plaque. Nat Med 6:965-966.
44. Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Rodella S, Arcaro G, Day C (2007). Differences and similarities in early atherosclerosis between patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic hepatitis B and C. J Hepatol 46:1126-1132. (Pubitemid 46669732)
45. Thibault A, Samid D, Tompkins AC, Figg WD, Cooper MR, Hohl RJ, et al. (1996). Phase I study of lovastatin, an inhibitor of the mevalonate pathway, in patients with cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2:483-491.
46. Thorgeirsson SS, Factor VM, Snyderwine EG (2000). Transgenic mouse models in carcinogenesis research and testing. Toxicol Lett 112-113:553-555. (Pubitemid 30138170)
47. Tsan YT, Lee CH, Wang JD, Chen PC (2012). Statins and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. J Clin Oncol 30:623-630.