Is spiritual tourism a new strategy for marketing Islam?

Journal of Islamic Marketing

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 136-148

  Haq, Farooq ^a   Wong, Ho Yin ^b  

^a CHARLES DARWIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b CENTRAL QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Australia; Islam; Marketing; Religion; Tourism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875669680     PISSN: 17590833     EISSN: 17590841     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/17590831011055879     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Alam, I. (2005), "Fieldwork and data collection in qualitative marketing research" in Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 97-112.
2. Andriotis, K. (2009), "Sacred site experience: a phenomenological study" in Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 64-84.
3. Barks, C. (2001), The Soul of Rumi: A New Collection of Ecstatic Poems, HaperCollins, San Fransisco, CA.
4. Bhardwaj, S.M. (1998), "Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: a neglected dimension of religious circulation" in Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 69-87.
5. Blomfield, B. (2009), "Markers of the heart: finding spirituality in a bus marked tourist" in Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 91-106.
6. Browne, K. (2005), "Snowball sampling: using social networks to research non-heterosexual women" in International Journal of Social Research Methodology, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 47-60.
7. Brownstein, B. (2008), "Profitability and spiritual wisdom: a tale of two companies'" in Business Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 137-43.
8. Buehler, A.F. (1997), "Currents of Sufism in nineteenth and twentieth-century Indo-Pakistan: an overview" in The Muslim World, Vol. 87, Nos 3/4, pp. 299-314.
9. Buhalis, D. (2000), "Marketing the competitive destination of the future" in Tourism Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 97-116.
10. Bumitra Islamic Tourism Expo (2009), available at: http://z-sasic.blogspot.com/2009/02/bumitra-islamic-tourism-expo-2009.html (accessed February 18, 2009).
11. Chopra, D. (1998), The Love Poems of Rumi, Crown, New York, NY.
12. Clingingsmith, D., Kwaja, A.I., Kremer, M. (2008), "Estimating the impact of the Hajj: religion and tolerance in Islam's global gathering", Faculty research working paper series.
13. Cochrane, J. (2009), "Spirits, nature and pilgrimage: the other' dimension in Javanese domestic tourism" in Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 107-20.
14. Cohen, E. (1992), "Pilgrimage centre: concentric and excentric" in Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 33-50.
15. Cohen, E. (2008), "The changing faces of contemporary tourism" in Society, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 330-3.
16. Crick, M. (1989), "Representation of international tourism in the social sciences" in Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 18, pp. 307-44.
17. Delbecq, A.L. (2000), "Spirituality for business leadership: reporting on a pilot course for MBAs and CEOs" in Journal of Management Inquiry, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 117-28.
18. Dev, C., Zhou, K.Z., Brown, J., Agarwal, S. (2009), "Customer orientation or competitor orientation" in Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 19-28.
19. Fernando, M., Jackson, B. (2006), "The influence of religion-based workplace spirituality on business leaders' decision-making: an inter-faith study" in Journal of Management and Organization, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 23-39.
20. Finney, R.Z., Orwig, R.A., Spake, D.F. (2009), "Lotus-eaters, pilgrims, seekers, and accidental tourists: how different travelers consume the sacred and the profane" in Services Marketing Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 148-73.
21. Francesconi, D. (2009), "Sufism: a guide to essential reference resources" in Reference Services Review, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 112-24.
22. Geary, G. (2008), "Destination enlightenment: branding Buddhism and spiritual tourism in Bodhgaya" in Bihar, Anthropology Today, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 11-14.
23. Gibbs, L., Kealy, M., Willis, K., Green, J., Welch, N., Daly, J. (2007), "What have sampling and data collection got to do with good qualitative research?" in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 540-4.
24. Haq, F., Jackson, J. (2009), "Spiritual journey to Hajj: Australian and Pakistani experience and expectations" in Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 141-56.
25. Haq, F., Newby, L., Jackson, J. (2009), "Spiritual tourism market segments", refereed paper presented at the Australia New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (ANZMAC), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
26. Haq, F., Wong, H., Jackson, J. (2008), "Applying Ansoff's growth strategy matrix to consumer segments and typologies in spiritual tourism", refereed paper presented at 8th International Business Research Conference, 2008, Crown Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE.
27. Heintzman, P. (2003), "The wilderness experience and spirituality: what recent research tells us" in Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Vol. 74, No. 6, pp. 27-31.
28. Huda, Q. (2000), "Celebrating death and engaging texts at Data Ganj Bakhsh's 'Urs'" in The Muslim World, Vol. 90, Nos 3/4, pp. 377-94.
29. Ibrahim, E.E., Gill, J. (2005), "A positioning strategy for a tourist destination, based on analysis of customers' perceptions and satisfactions" in Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 23, Nos 2/3, pp. 172-88.
30. Kale, S.H. (2004), "Spirituality, religion, and globalization" in Journal of Macromarketing, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 92-107.
31. Kavaratzis, M., Ashworth, G.J. (2008), "Place marketing: how did we get here and where are we going?" in Journal of Place Management and Development, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 150-9.
32. Kessler, C.S. (1992), "Review essay for Pilgrim's progress: the travellers of Islam" in Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 147-53.
33. Konz, G.N.P., Ryan, F.X. (1999), "Maintaining an organizational spirituality: no easy task" in Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 200-10.
34. Kraft, S.E. (2007), "Religion and spirituality in Lonely Planet's India" in Religion, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 230-42.
35. Lewis, J.S., Geroy, G.D. (2000), "Employee spirituality in the workplace: a cross-cultural view for the management of spiritual employees" in Journal of Management Education, Vol. 24, No. 5, p. 682.
36. Li, X., Petrick, J.F. (2008), "Tourism marketing in an era of paradigm shift" in Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 235-48.
37. Lincoln, Y., Guba, E. (1985), Naturalistic Inquiry, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
38. Lincoln, Y.S., Guba, E.G. (2003), "Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences" in Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), The Landscape of Qualitative Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 253-91.
39. Maneri, M. (2006), "The philosophical fundamentals of belief in the mystical poetry of Rumi and Donne" in Religious Studies and Theology, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 137-60.
40. Mitroff, I. (2003), "Do not promote religion under the guise of spirituality" in Organization, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 375-80.
41. Mitroff, I., Denton, E.E. (1999), A Spiritual Audit of Corporate America: A Hard Look at Spirituality, Religion, and Values in the Workplace, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
42. Morgan, D.O. (2001), "Ibn Battuta and the Mongols" in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 1-11.
43. Nicholson, R.A. (1996), The Kashf Al-Mahjub: The Oldest Persian Treatise on Sufism by Ali Bin Uthman Al-Hujwiri, Sang-Meel, Lahore, (translated from original).
44. Pegues, H. (2007), "Of paradigm wars: constructivism, objectivism, and postmodern stratagem" in The Educational Forum, Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 316-30.
45. Perry, C., Riege, A., Brown, L. (1999), "Realism's role among scientific paradigms in marketing research" in Irish Marketing Review, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 16-23.
46. Pesut, B. (2003), "Developing spirituality in the curriculum: worldviews, intrapersonal connectedness, interpersonal connectedness" in Nursing and Health Care Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 290-4.
47. Pew Global Organisation (2005), "How Muslims see themselves and Islam's role", Pew Global Attitudes Project.
48. Ponterotto, J.G. (2005), "Qualitative research in counseling psychology: a primer on research paradigms and philosophy of science" in Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 126-36.
49. Riege, A.M., Perry, C. (2000), "National marketing strategies in international travel and tourism" in European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 34, Nos 11/12, pp. 1290-305.
50. Rod, M. (2009), "Marketing: philosophy of science and 'epistobabble warfare'" in Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 120-9.
51. Rosentraub, M.S., Joo, M. (2009), "Tourism and economic development: which investments produce gains for regions" in Tourism Management, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 759-70.
52. Rustom, M. (2008), "The metaphysics of the heart in the Sufi doctrine of Rumi" in Studies in Religion, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 3-14.
53. Sikand, Y. (2006), "The tablighi jama'at and politics: a critical re-appraisal" in The Muslim World, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 175-95.
54. Smith, C. (2007), "Working from the inside out: management and leadership through the lens of the perennial wisdom tradition" in Journal of Management Development, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 475-83.
55. Stake, E.R. (2005), "Qualitative case studies" in Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research, 3rd ed., Sage, Thousand Oaks, pp. 443-66.
56. Stepchenkova, S., Kirilenko, A.P., Morrison, A.M. (2009), "Facilitating content analysis in tourism research" in Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 454-69.
57. Thambipillai, P. (2008), "Brunei Darussalam making a concerted effort", Southeast Asian Affairs, available at: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/southeast_asian_affairs/v2008/2008.thambipillai.pdf (accessed January 11, 2009).
58. Tilson, D.J. (2005), "Religious-spiritual tourism and promotional campaigning: a church-state partnership for St. James and Spain" in Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, Vol. 12, Nos 1/2, pp. 9-40.
59. Timothy, D.J., Iverson, T. (2006), "Tourism and Islam: considerations of culture and duty" in Timothy, D.J. and Olsen, D.H. (Eds.), Religion and Spiritual Journeys, Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 186-205.
60. Trauer, B., Ryan, C. (2005), "Destination image, romance and place experience - an application of intimacy theory in tourism" in Tourism Management, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 481-91.
61. Vu, J.C., Turner, L. (2009), "The economic structure of world tourism" in Tourism Economics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 5-21.
62. Wagner, T., Hennig-Thurau, T., Rudolph, T. (2009), "Does customer demotion jeopardize loyalty?" in Journal of Marketing, Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 69-85.
63. Yin, R.K. (1994), Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 2nd ed., Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.