Suppressing Emotions Impairs Subsequent Stroop Performance and Reduces Prefrontal Brain Activation

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2013, Pages

  Friese, Malte ^a   Binder, Julia ^b   Luechinger, Roger ^c   Boesiger, Peter ^c   Rasch, Björn ^b  

^a SAARLAND UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; ARTICLE; BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE; BRAIN MAPPING; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATIONAL STUDY; EMOTIONALITY; EVOKED VISUAL RESPONSE; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RIGHT LATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SELF CONTROL; STROOP TEST; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADULT; BRAIN; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; STROOP TEST; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84875654992     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060385     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Baumeister RF, Heatherton TF, (1996) Self-regulation failure: An overview. Psychol Inq 7: 1-15.
2. Vohs KD, Baumeister RF (2011) Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (2nd edition). New York, NY: Guilford.
3. Tangney JP, Baumeister RF, Boone AL, (2004) High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. J Pers 72: 271-324.
4. Muraven M, Baumeister RF, (2000) Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychol Bull 126: 247-259.
5. Baumeister RF, Vohs KD, Tice DM, (2007) The strength model of self-control. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 16: 351-355.
6. Schmeichel BJ, (2007) Attention control, memory updating, and emotion regulation temporarily reduce the capacity for executive control. J Exp Psychol Gen 136: 241-255.
7. Heatherton TF, Wagner DD, (2011) Cognitive neuroscience of self-regulation failure. Trends Cogn Sci 15: 132-139.
8. DeWall CN, Baumeister RF, Stillman TF, Gailliot MT, (2007) Violence restrained: Effects of self-regulation and its depletion on aggression. J Exp Soc Psychol 43: 62-76.
9. Vohs KD, Heatherton TF, (2000) Self-regulatory failure: A resource-depletion approach. Psychol Sci 11: 249-254.
10. Freeman N, Muraven M, (2010) Self-control depletion leads to increased risk taking. Soc Psychol Pers Sci 1: 175-181.
11. Schmeichel BJ, Vohs KD, Baumeister RF, (2003) Intellectual performance and ego depletion: Role of the self in logical reasoning and other information processing. J Pers Soc Psychol 85: 33-46.
12. Hagger MS, Wood C, Stiff C, Chatzisarantis NLD, (2010) Ego depletion and the strength model of self-control: A meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 136: 495-525.
13. Mitchell JP, Heatherton TF, Kelley WM, Wyland CL, Wegner DM, et al. (2007) Separating sustained from transient aspects of cognitive control during thought suppression. Psychol Sci 18: 292-297.
14. Phillips M, Ladouceur C, Drevets W, (2008) A neural model of voluntary and automatic emotion regulation: implications for understanding the pathophysiology and neurodevelopment of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 13: 833-857.
15. Wyland CL, Kelley WM, Macrae CN, Gordon HL, Heatherton TF, (2003) Neural correlates of thought suppression. Neuropsychologia 41: 1863-1867.
16. Ridderinkhof KR, Ullsperger M, Crone EA, Nieuwenhuis S, (2004) The role of the medial frontal cortex in cognitive control. Science 306: 443-447.
17. Kerns JG, Cohen JD, MacDonald AW, Cho RY, Stenger VA, et al. (2004) Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control. Science 303: 1023-1026.
18. Botvinick MM, Braver TS, Carter CS, Barch DM, Cohen JD, (2001) Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychol Rev 108: 624-652.
19. Lieberman MD (2007) The X- and C-systems: The neural basis of automatic and controlled social cognition. In: Harmon-Jones E, Winkelman P, editors. Fundamentals of Social Neuroscience. New York, NY: Guilford. 290-315.
20. Lieberman MD, (2007) Social cognitive neuroscience: A review of core processes. Annu Rev Psychol 58: 259-289.
21. Knoch D, Fehr E (2007) Resisting the power of temptations- The right prefrontal cortex and self-control. In: Balleine BW, Doya K, O'Doherty J, Sakagami M, editors. Reward and Decision Making in Corticobasal Ganglia Networks. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 123-134.
22. Govorun O, Payne BK, (2006) Ego depletion and prejudice: Separating automatic and controlled components. Soc Cognition 24: 111-136.
23. Inzlicht M, Gutsell JN, (2007) Running on empty: Neural signals for self-control failure. Psychol Sci 18: 933-937.
24. Richeson JA, Baird AA, Gordon HL, Heatherton TF, Wyland CL, et al. (2003) An fMRI investigation of the impact of interracial contact on executive function. Nat Neurosci 6: 1323-1328.
25. Greenwald AG, McGhee DE, Schwartz JLK, (1998) Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. J Pers Soc Psychol 74: 1464-1480.
26. Derrfuss J, Brass M, Neumann J, von Cramon DY, (2005) Involvement of the inferior frontal junction in cognitive control: Meta-analyses of switching and stroop studies. Hum Brain Mapp 25: 22-34.
27. Cahill L, (2006) Why sex matters for neuroscience. Nat Rev Neurosci 7: 477-484.
28. Lang PJ, Bradley MM, Cuthbert BN (2005) International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida.
29. Baumeister RF, Bratslavsky M, Muraven M, Tice DM, (1998) Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? J Pers Soc Psychol 74: 1252-1265.
30. Forman SD, Cohen JD, Fitzgerald M, Eddy WF, Mintun MA, et al. (1995) Improves assessment of significant activation in functional magnetic-resonance-imaging (fMRI)- Use of a cluster-size threshold. Magn Reson Med 33: 636-647.
31. Ward BD (2000) Simultaneous inference for fMRI data. Available: http://afni.nimh.nih.gov/afni/doc/manual/AlphaSim. Accessed December 20, 2012.
32. Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Landeau B, Papathanassiou D, Crivello F, Etard O, et al. (2002) Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. NeuroImage 15: 273-289.
33. Lancaster JL, Woldorff MG, Parsons LM, Liotti M, Freitas ES, et al. (2000) Automated Talairach Atlas labels for functional brain mapping. Hum Brain Mapp 10: 120-131.
34. Laird AR, Robinson JL, McMillan KM, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Moran ST, et al. (2010) Comparison of the disparity between Talairach and MNI coordinates in functional neuroimaging data: Validation of the Lancaster transform. NeuroImage 51: 677-683.
35. Lancaster JL, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Martinez M, Salinas F, Evans A, et al. (2007) Bias between MNI and talairach coordinates analyzed using the ICBM-152 brain template. Hum Brain Mapp 28: 1194-1205.
36. Holm S, (1979) A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 6: 65-70.
37. Robertson EM, Theoret H, Pascual-Leone A, (2003) Studies in cognition: The problems solved and created by transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Cognit Neurosci 15: 948-960.
38. Knoch D, Pascual-Leone A, Meyer K, Treyer V, Fehr E, (2006) Diminishing reciprocal fairness by disrupting the right prefrontal cortex. Science 314: 829-832.
39. Goldin PR, McRae K, Ramel W, Gross JJ, (2008) The neural bases of emotion regulation: Reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion. Biol Psychiat 63: 577-586.
40. Kuehn S, Gallinat J, Brass M (2011) "Keep Calm and Carry On": Structural Correlates of Expressive Suppression of Emotions. Plos One 6.
41. Miller EK, Cohen JD, (2001) An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annu Rev Neurosci 24: 167-202.
42. Aron AR, (2008) Progress in executive-function research: From tasks to functions to regions to networks. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 17: 124-129.
43. Duckworth AL, Kern ML, (2011) A meta-analysis of the convergent validity of self-control measures. J Res Pers 45: 259-268.
44. Figner B, Knoch D, Johnson EJ, Krosch AR, Lisanby SH, et al. (2010) Lateral prefrontal cortex and self-control in intertemporal choice. Nat Neurosci 13: 538-539.
45. Cohen JR, Lieberman MD (2010) The common neural basis of exerting self-control in multiple domains. In: Hassin R, Ochsner KN, Trope Y, editors. Self-control in society, mind, and brain. New York: Oxford University Press. 141-160.
46. Kober H, Mende-Siedlecki P, Kross EF, Weber J, Mischel W, et al. (2010) Prefrontal-striatal pathway underlies cognitive regulation of craving. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 14811-14816.
47. Demos KE, Kelley WM, Heatherton TF, (2011) Dietary restraint violations influence reward responses in nucleus accumbens and amygdala. J Cognit Neurosci 23: 1952-1963.
48. Gailliot MT, Baumeister RF, DeWall CN, Maner JK, Plant EA, et al. (2007) Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. J Pers Soc Psychol 92: 325-336.
49. Gailliot MT, Baumeister RF, (2007) The physiology of willpower: Linking blood glucose to self-control. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 11: 303-327.
50. Beedie CJ, Lane AM, (2012) The role of glucose in self-control: Another look at the evidence and an alternative conceptualization. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 16: 143-153.
51. Kurzban R, (2010) Does the brain consume additional glucose during self-control tasks? Evol Psychol 8: 244-259.
52. Molden DC, Hui CM, Scholer AA, Meier BP, Noreen EE, et al. (2012) Motivational versus metabolic effects of carbohydrates on self-control. Psychol Sci 23: 1137-1144.
53. Sanders MA, Shirk SD, Burgin CJ, Martin LL, (2012) The gargle effect: rinsing the mouth with glucose enhances self-control. Psychol Sci 23: 1470-1472.
54. Hagger MS, Chatzisarantis NLD, (2013) The sweet taste of success: The presence of glucose in the oral cavity moderates the depletion of self-control resources. Pers Soc Psychol B 39: 28-42.
55. Baumeister RF, Vohs KD, (2007) Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation. Soc Pers Psychol Compass 1: 115-128.
56. Job V, Dweck CS, Walton GM, (2010) Ego depletion-Is it all in your head? Implicit theories about willpower affect self-regulation. Psychol Sci 21: 1686-1693.
57. Inzlicht M, Schmeichel BJ, (2012) What is ego depletion? Toward a mechanistic revision of the resource model of self-control. Perspect Psychol Sci 7: 450-463.
58. Muraven M, Shmueli D, Burkley E, (2006) Conserving self-control strength. J Pers Soc Psychol 91: 524-537.
59. Muraven M, Slessareva E, (2003) Mechanisms of self-control failure: Motivation and limited resources. Pers Soc Psychol B 29: 894-906.