메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 477-484

Why sex matters for neuroscience

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AZAPERONE; DOPAMINE; ESTROGEN; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID; NEUROTRANSMITTER; SEX HORMONE;

EID: 33745745579     PISSN: 1471003X     EISSN: 14710048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrn1909     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1201)

References (94)
  • 1
    • 0038878202 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the brain
    • Levine, S. Sex differences in the brain. Scientific American 214, 84-90 (1966).
    • (1966) Scientific American , vol.214 , pp. 84-90
    • Levine, S.1
  • 2
    • 0034024067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masculinizing effects on otoacoustic emissions and auditory evoked potentials in women using oral contraceptives
    • McFadden, D. Masculinizing effects on otoacoustic emissions and auditory evoked potentials in women using oral contraceptives. Hearing Research 142, 23-33 (2000).
    • (2000) Hearing Research , vol.142 , pp. 23-33
    • McFadden, D.1
  • 3
    • 84919662384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • Hines, M. Brain Gender (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 2004).
    • (2004) Brain Gender
    • Hines, M.1
  • 5
    • 0029974313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex, sexual orientation and sex hormones influence human cognitive function
    • Kimura, D. Sex, sexual orientation and sex hormones influence human cognitive function. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6, 259-263 (1996).
    • (1996) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.6 , pp. 259-263
    • Kimura, D.1
  • 6
    • 0025769202 scopus 로고
    • Neural sexual mosaicism: Sexual differentiation of the human temporo-parietal region for functional asymmetry
    • Witelson, S. F. Neural sexual mosaicism: sexual differentiation of the human temporo-parietal region for functional asymmetry. Psychoneuroendocrinology 16, 131-153 (1991).
    • (1991) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.16 , pp. 131-153
    • Witelson, S.F.1
  • 7
    • 18744378847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of sex and estrous cyclicity on conditioned cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior
    • Fuchs, R. A., Evans, A., Mehta, R., Case, J. M. & See, R. E. Influence of sex and estrous cyclicity on conditioned cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. Psychopharmacology 179, 662-672 (2005).
    • (2005) Psychopharmacology , vol.179 , pp. 662-672
    • Fuchs, R.A.1    Evans, A.2    Mehta, R.3    Case, J.M.4    See, R.E.5
  • 8
    • 4344685681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex chromosomes and brain gender
    • Arnold, A. P. Sex chromosomes and brain gender. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 5, 701-708 (2004). Provides an excellent overview of striking developments in molecular neurobiology that are generating new insight into neural mechanisms behind sexual differentiation of the brain.
    • (2004) Nature Rev. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 701-708
    • Arnold, A.P.1
  • 9
    • 0025871949 scopus 로고
    • Sexual differentiation of monoaminergic neurons - Genetic or epigenetic?
    • Reisert, I. & Pilgrim, C. Sexual differentiation of monoaminergic neurons - genetic or epigenetic? Trends Neurosci. 14, 468-473 (1991).
    • (1991) Trends Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 468-473
    • Reisert, I.1    Pilgrim, C.2
  • 10
    • 16344386418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in the functional neuroanatomy of emotional episodic autobiographical memory
    • Piefke, M., Weiss, P., Markowitsch, H. & Fink, G. Gender differences in the functional neuroanatomy of emotional episodic autobiographical memory. Hum. Brain Mapp. 24, 313-324 (2005).
    • (2005) Hum. Brain Mapp. , vol.24 , pp. 313-324
    • Piefke, M.1    Weiss, P.2    Markowitsch, H.3    Fink, G.4
  • 11
    • 0142042797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of gender on blood flow correlates of naming concrete entities
    • Grabowski, T. J., Damasio, H., Eichhorn, G. R. & Tranel, D. Effects of gender on blood flow correlates of naming concrete entities. Neuroimage 20, 940-954 (2003).
    • (2003) Neuroimage , vol.20 , pp. 940-954
    • Grabowski, T.J.1    Damasio, H.2    Eichhorn, G.R.3    Tranel, D.4
  • 12
    • 1442299158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in adult and developing brains: Compensation, compensation, compensation
    • De Vries, G. J. Sex differences in adult and developing brains: compensation, compensation, compensation. Endocrinology 145, 1063-1068 (2004). Excellent review of the evidence supporting an often underappreciated concept, namely, that sexual dimorphisms in the brain may exist to prevent, rather than create, sexual dimorphisms in behaviour.
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , pp. 1063-1068
    • De Vries, G.J.1
  • 13
    • 0025822694 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in 'cognitive' regions of the rat brain
    • Juraska, J. M. Sex differences in 'cognitive' regions of the rat brain. Psychoneuroendocrinology 16, 105-109 (1991).
    • (1991) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.16 , pp. 105-109
    • Juraska, J.M.1
  • 14
    • 33645235360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender effects on cortical thickness and the influence of scaling
    • Luders, E. et al. Gender effects on cortical thickness and the influence of scaling. Hum. Brain. Mapp. 27, 314-324 (2005).
    • (2005) Hum. Brain. Mapp. , vol.27 , pp. 314-324
    • Luders, E.1
  • 15
    • 0037396654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism and asymmetries in the gray-white composition of the human cerebrum
    • Allen, J. S., Damasio, H., Grabowski, T. J., Bruss, J. & Zhang, W. Sexual dimorphism and asymmetries in the gray-white composition of the human cerebrum. Neuroimage 18, 880-894 (2003).
    • (2003) Neuroimage , vol.18 , pp. 880-894
    • Allen, J.S.1    Damasio, H.2    Grabowski, T.J.3    Bruss, J.4    Zhang, W.5
  • 16
    • 4043088497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualizing sexual dimorphism in the brain
    • Shah, N. M. et al. Visualizing sexual dimorphism in the brain. Neuron 43, 313-319 (2004). Illustration of the ability of some newer methodologies to reveal sexual dimorphisms in the brain missed by more traditional methods.
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.43 , pp. 313-319
    • Shah, N.M.1
  • 17
    • 24344501806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in the vasopressin system: Lack of an altered behavioral phenotype in female V1a receptor knockout mice
    • Bielsky, I. F., Hu, S. B. & Young, L. J. Sexual dimorphism in the vasopressin system: lack of an altered behavioral phenotype in female V1a receptor knockout mice. Behav. Brain Res. 164, 132-136 (2005).
    • (2005) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.164 , pp. 132-136
    • Bielsky, I.F.1    Hu, S.B.2    Young, L.J.3
  • 18
    • 24744453505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural covariance in the human cortex
    • Mechelli, A., Friston, K. J., Frackowiak, R. S. & Price, C. J. Structural covariance in the human cortex. J. Neurosci. 25, 8303-8310 (2005). Findings suggest that the amygdala is probably an especially important locus of sex influences on brain function.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , pp. 8303-8310
    • Mechelli, A.1    Friston, K.J.2    Frackowiak, R.S.3    Price, C.J.4
  • 19
    • 0028903858 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in the mammalian limbic system
    • Madeira, M. D. & Lieberman, A. R. Sexual dimorphism in the mammalian limbic system. Prog. Neurobiol. 45, 275-333 (1995).
    • (1995) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.45 , pp. 275-333
    • Madeira, M.D.1    Lieberman, A.R.2
  • 20
    • 0034997524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal sexual dimorphism of the adult human brain assessed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging
    • Goldstein, J. M. et al. Normal sexual dimorphism of the adult human brain assessed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Cereb. Cortex 11, 490-497 (2001).
    • (2001) Cereb. Cortex , vol.11 , pp. 490-497
    • Goldstein, J.M.1
  • 21
    • 0022370489 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism of glucocorticoid binding in rat brain
    • Turner, B. B. & Weaver, D. A. Sexual dimorphism of glucocorticoid binding in rat brain. Brain Res. 343, 16-23 (1985).
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.343 , pp. 16-23
    • Turner, B.B.1    Weaver, D.A.2
  • 22
    • 0019308728 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal steroids: Effects on excitability of hippocampal pyramidal cells
    • Teyler, T. J., Vardaris, R. M., Lewis, D. & Rawitch, A. B. Gonadal steroids: effects on excitability of hippocampal pyramidal cells. Science 209, 1017-1018 (1980).
    • (1980) Science , vol.209 , pp. 1017-1018
    • Teyler, T.J.1    Vardaris, R.M.2    Lewis, D.3    Rawitch, A.B.4
  • 23
    • 20544469438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadal hormone modulation of dendrites in the mammalian CNS
    • Cooke, B. M. & Woolley, C. S. Gonadal hormone modulation of dendrites in the mammalian CNS. J. Neurobiol. 64, 34-46 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurobiol. , vol.64 , pp. 34-46
    • Cooke, B.M.1    Woolley, C.S.2
  • 24
    • 28844495021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in hippocampal estradiol-induced N-methyl-D-aspartic acid binding and ultrastructural localization of estrogen receptor-α
    • Romeo, R. D., McCarthy, J. B., Wang, A., Milner, T. A. & McEwen, B. S. Sex differences in hippocampal estradiol-induced N-methyl-D-aspartic acid binding and ultrastructural localization of estrogen receptor-α. Neuroendocrinology 81, 391-399 (2005).
    • (2005) Neuroendocrinology , vol.81 , pp. 391-399
    • Romeo, R.D.1    McCarthy, J.B.2    Wang, A.3    Milner, T.A.4    McEwen, B.S.5
  • 25
    • 0029999430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraining intra-hippocampal estradiol injections enhance spatial memory in male rats: Interaction with cholinergic systems
    • Packard, M., Kohlmaier, J. & Alexander, G. Posttraining intra-hippocampal estradiol injections enhance spatial memory in male rats: interaction with cholinergic systems. Behav. Neurosci. 110, 626-632 (1996).
    • (1996) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.110 , pp. 626-632
    • Packard, M.1    Kohlmaier, J.2    Alexander, G.3
  • 26
    • 0028062024 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats: Positive correlation between LTP and contextual learning
    • Maren, S., De Oca, B. & Fanselow, M. S. Sex differences in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats: positive correlation between LTP and contextual learning. Brain Res. 661, 25-34 (1994).
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.661 , pp. 25-34
    • Maren, S.1    De Oca, B.2    Fanselow, M.S.3
  • 27
    • 11044235786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory avoidance task reveals differences in ectonucleotidase activities between male and female rats
    • Ruecker, B. et al. Inhibitory avoidance task reveals differences in ectonucleotidase activities between male and female rats. Neurochem. Res. 29, 2231-2237 (2004).
    • (2004) Neurochem. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 2231-2237
    • Ruecker, B.1
  • 28
    • 0038330670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opposite effects of stressful experience on memory formation in males versus females
    • Shors, T. Opposite effects of stressful experience on memory formation in males versus females. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 4, 139-147 (2002).
    • (2002) Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 139-147
    • Shors, T.1
  • 29
    • 33644624032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress differentially modulates fear conditioning in healthy men and women
    • Jackson, E. D., Payne, J. D., Nadel, L. & Jacobs, W. J. Stress differentially modulates fear conditioning in healthy men and women. Biol. Psychiatry 59, 516-522 (2005).
    • (2005) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 516-522
    • Jackson, E.D.1    Payne, J.D.2    Nadel, L.3    Jacobs, W.J.4
  • 30
    • 0021956436 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the dendritic branching of dentate granule cells following differential experience
    • Juraska, J., Fitch, J., Henderson, C. & Rivers, N. Sex differences in the dendritic branching of dentate granule cells following differential experience. Brain Res. 333, 73-80 (1985).
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.333 , pp. 73-80
    • Juraska, J.1    Fitch, J.2    Henderson, C.3    Rivers, N.4
  • 31
    • 4644249977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of estrogen in balancing contributions from multiple memory systems
    • Korol, D. L. Role of estrogen in balancing contributions from multiple memory systems. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 82, 309-323 (2004). Summary of the recent studies demonstrating pronounced influences of sex hormones on learning strategies in rats.
    • (2004) Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. , vol.82 , pp. 309-323
    • Korol, D.L.1
  • 32
    • 0034672410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurobiology of stress: From serendipity to clinical relevance
    • McEwen, B. S. The neurobiology of stress: from serendipity to clinical relevance. Brain Res. 886, 172-189 (2000).
    • (2000) Brain Res. , vol.886 , pp. 172-189
    • McEwen, B.S.1
  • 33
    • 27944480327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexually dimorphic synaptic organization of the medial amygdala
    • Cooke, B. M. & Woolley, C.S. Sexually dimorphic synaptic organization of the medial amygdala. J. Neurosci. 25, 10759-10767 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , pp. 10759-10767
    • Cooke, B.M.1    Woolley, C.S.2
  • 34
    • 0038113078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation-induced receptor changes in the hippocampus and amygdala of Octodon degus: Influence of maternal vocalizations
    • Ziabreva, I., Poeggel, G., Schnabel, R. & Braun, K. Separation-induced receptor changes in the hippocampus and amygdala of Octodon degus: influence of maternal vocalizations. J. Neurosci. 23, 5329-5336 (2003). Demonstrates a qualitative difference in the neurochemical response to stress of an amygdala nucleus, the basomedial nucleus, not traditionally thought to be sexually dimorphic.
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 5329-5336
    • Ziabreva, I.1    Poeggel, G.2    Schnabel, R.3    Braun, K.4
  • 35
    • 0345059087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex- and hemisphere-related influences on the neurobiology of emotionally influenced memory
    • Cahill, L. Sex- and hemisphere-related influences on the neurobiology of emotionally influenced memory. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 27, 1235-1241 (2003).
    • (2003) Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 1235-1241
    • Cahill, L.1
  • 36
    • 22844437440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the responses of the human amygdala
    • Hamann, S. Sex differences in the responses of the human amygdala. Neuroscientist 11, 288-293 (2005).
    • (2005) Neuroscientist , vol.11 , pp. 288-293
    • Hamann, S.1
  • 37
    • 3943103488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences
    • McGaugh, J. L. The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 27, 1-28 (2004).
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 1-28
    • McGaugh, J.L.1
  • 38
    • 0002489882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ed. Aggleton, J. Oxford Univ. Press, London
    • Cahill, L. in The Amygdala: A Functional Analysis (ed. Aggleton, J.) 425-444 (Oxford Univ. Press, London, 2000).
    • (2000) The Amygdala: A Functional Analysis , pp. 425-444
    • Cahill, L.1
  • 39
    • 0035706159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-related difference in amygdala activity during emotionally influenced memory storage
    • Cahill, L. et al. Sex-related difference in amygdala activity during emotionally influenced memory storage. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 75, 1-9 (2001).
    • (2001) Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. , vol.75 , pp. 1-9
    • Cahill, L.1
  • 41
    • 2542550527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-related hemispheric lateralization of amygdala function in emotionally influenced memory: An fMRI investigation
    • Cahill, L., Uncapher, M., Kilpatrick, L., Alkire, M. T. & Turner, J. Sex-related hemispheric lateralization of amygdala function in emotionally influenced memory: an fMRI investigation. Learn. Mem. 11, 261-266 (2004).
    • (2004) Learn. Mem. , vol.11 , pp. 261-266
    • Cahill, L.1    Uncapher, M.2    Kilpatrick, L.3    Alkire, M.T.4    Turner, J.5
  • 42
    • 25844463652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory enhancement induced by post-training intrabasolateral amygdala infusions of β-adrenergic or muscarinic agonists requires activation of dopamine receptors: Involvement of right, but not left, basolateral amygdala
    • Lalumiere, R. T. & McGaugh, J. L. Memory enhancement induced by post-training intrabasolateral amygdala infusions of β-adrenergic or muscarinic agonists requires activation of dopamine receptors: involvement of right, but not left, basolateral amygdala. Learn. Mem. 12, 527-532 (2005).
    • (2005) Learn. Mem. , vol.12 , pp. 527-532
    • Lalumiere, R.T.1    McGaugh, J.L.2
  • 43
    • 0035828156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in amygdala activation during the perception of facial affect
    • Killgore, W. & Yurgelun-Todd, D. Sex differences in amygdala activation during the perception of facial affect. Neuroreport 12, 2543-2547 (2001). One of the first studies to document sex differences in the function of the human amygdala.
    • (2001) Neuroreport , vol.12 , pp. 2543-2547
    • Killgore, W.1    Yurgelun-Todd, D.2
  • 44
    • 27544433076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct amygdala-autonomic arousal profiles in response to fear signals in healthy males and females
    • Williams, L. M. et al. Distinct amygdala-autonomic arousal profiles in response to fear signals in healthy males and females. Neuroimage 28, 618-626 (2005).
    • (2005) Neuroimage , vol.28 , pp. 618-626
    • Williams, L.M.1
  • 45
    • 33645124323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-related differences in amygdala functional connectivity during resting conditions
    • Kilpatrick, L. A., Zald, D. H., Pardo, J. V. & Cahill, L. F. Sex-related differences in amygdala functional connectivity during resting conditions. Neuroimage 30, 452-461 (2006). Examines the functional connectivities of the left and right hemisphere amygdalae in a large sample of men and women who received PET scans while resting with their eyes closed. Indicates that sexually dimorphic amygdala function exists in the brain independently of overt stimulation.
    • (2006) Neuroimage , vol.30 , pp. 452-461
    • Kilpatrick, L.A.1    Zald, D.H.2    Pardo, J.V.3    Cahill, L.F.4
  • 46
    • 24344445919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional dissociation of amygdala-modulated arousal and cognitive appraisal, in Turner syndrome
    • Skuse, D. H., Morris, J. S. & Dolan, R. J. Functional dissociation of amygdala-modulated arousal and cognitive appraisal, in Turner syndrome. Brain 128, 2084-2096 (2005).
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 2084-2096
    • Skuse, D.H.1    Morris, J.S.2    Dolan, R.J.3
  • 47
    • 0037273905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging abnormalities in the amygdala in mood disorders
    • Drevets, W. Neuroimaging abnormalities in the amygdala in mood disorders. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 985, 420-444 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.985 , pp. 420-444
    • Drevets, W.1
  • 48
    • 0038724271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-related differences in IBS patients: Central processing of visceral stimuli
    • Naliboff, B. D. et al. Sex-related differences in IBS patients: central processing of visceral stimuli. Gastroenterology 124, 1738-1747 (2003).
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. 1738-1747
    • Naliboff, B.D.1
  • 49
    • 0020000834 scopus 로고
    • Hemispheric asymmetries in the behavioral and hormonal effects of sexually differentiating mammalian brain
    • Nordeen, E. J. & Yahr, P. Hemispheric asymmetries in the behavioral and hormonal effects of sexually differentiating mammalian brain. Science 218, 391-394 (1982). A striking demonstration of hemispheric lateralization in the effects of a sex hormone on the developing brain.
    • (1982) Science , vol.218 , pp. 391-394
    • Nordeen, E.J.1    Yahr, P.2
  • 50
    • 0031721750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexually-dimorphic patterns of cortical asymmetry, and the role for sex steroid hormones in determining cortical patterns of lateralization
    • Wisniewski, A. B. Sexually-dimorphic patterns of cortical asymmetry, and the role for sex steroid hormones in determining cortical patterns of lateralization. Psychoneuroendocrinology 23, 519-547 (1998).
    • (1998) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.23 , pp. 519-547
    • Wisniewski, A.B.1
  • 51
    • 13144258672 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in hemispheric asymmetries of the human brain
    • Lansdell, H. Sex differences in hemispheric asymmetries of the human brain. Nature 203, 550 (1964).
    • (1964) Nature , vol.203 , pp. 550
    • Lansdell, H.1
  • 52
    • 0029584349 scopus 로고
    • Estradiol and testosterone in specific regions of the human female brain in different endocrine states
    • Bixo, M., Backstrom, T., Winblad, B. & Andersson, A. Estradiol and testosterone in specific regions of the human female brain in different endocrine states. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 55, 297-303 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. , vol.55 , pp. 297-303
    • Bixo, M.1    Backstrom, T.2    Winblad, B.3    Andersson, A.4
  • 53
    • 0035662302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sex difference on a novel spatial working memory task in humans
    • Duff, S. J. & Hampson, E. A sex difference on a novel spatial working memory task in humans. Brain Cogn. 47, 470-493 (2001).
    • (2001) Brain Cogn. , vol.47 , pp. 470-493
    • Duff, S.J.1    Hampson, E.2
  • 54
    • 0034601404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in the functional organization of the brain for working memory
    • Speck, O. et al. Gender differences in the functional organization of the brain for working memory. Neuroreport 11, 2581-2585 (2000).
    • (2000) Neuroreport , vol.11 , pp. 2581-2585
    • Speck, O.1
  • 55
    • 22144449991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of c-fos and BDNF mRNA in subregions of the prefrontal cortex of male and female rats after acute uncontrollable stress
    • Bland, S. T. et al. Expression of c-fos and BDNF mRNA in subregions of the prefrontal cortex of male and female rats after acute uncontrollable stress. Brain Res. 1051, 90-99 (2005).
    • (2005) Brain Res. , vol.1051 , pp. 90-99
    • Bland, S.T.1
  • 56
    • 3142552351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen mediates sex differences in stress-induced prefrontal cortex dysfunction
    • Shansky, R. M. et al. Estrogen mediates sex differences in stress-induced prefrontal cortex dysfunction. Mol. Psychiatry 9, 531-538 (2004).
    • (2004) Mol. Psychiatry , vol.9 , pp. 531-538
    • Shansky, R.M.1
  • 57
    • 0016280876 scopus 로고
    • Sex-dependent behavioral effects of cerebral cortical lesions in the developing rhesus monkey
    • Goldman, P. S., Crawford, H. T., Stokes, L. P., Galkin, T. W. & Rosvold, H. E. Sex-dependent behavioral effects of cerebral cortical lesions in the developing rhesus monkey. Science 186, 540-542 (1974).
    • (1974) Science , vol.186 , pp. 540-542
    • Goldman, P.S.1    Crawford, H.T.2    Stokes, L.P.3    Galkin, T.W.4    Rosvold, H.E.5
  • 58
    • 28544434192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does gender play a role in functional asymmetry of ventromedial prefrontal cortex?
    • Tranel, D., Damasio, H., Denburg, N. L. & Bechara, A. Does gender play a role in functional asymmetry of ventromedial prefrontal cortex? Brain 128, 2872-2881 (2005).
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 2872-2881
    • Tranel, D.1    Damasio, H.2    Denburg, N.L.3    Bechara, A.4
  • 59
    • 6344277106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-related differences in a gambling task and its neurological correlates
    • Bolla, K. I., Eldreth, D. A., Matochik, J. A. & Cadet, J. L. Sex-related differences in a gambling task and its neurological correlates. Cereb. Cortex 14, 1226-1232 (2004). Together with reference 58, this suggests that the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in decision making is influenced both by a subject's sex and cerebral hemisphere, and suggests that attention to these variables can reconcile seemingly contradictory studies.
    • (2004) Cereb. Cortex , vol.14 , pp. 1226-1232
    • Bolla, K.I.1    Eldreth, D.A.2    Matochik, J.A.3    Cadet, J.L.4
  • 60
    • 0038662987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in opioid analgesia: 'From mouse to man'
    • Craft, R. M. Sex differences in opioid analgesia: 'from mouse to man'. Clin. J. Pain 19, 175-186 (2003).
    • (2003) Clin. J. Pain , vol.19 , pp. 175-186
    • Craft, R.M.1
  • 61
    • 0017356623 scopus 로고
    • Monoamine metabolism in human brain
    • Robinson, D. S. et al. Monoamine metabolism in human brain. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 34, 89-92 (1977).
    • (1977) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 89-92
    • Robinson, D.S.1
  • 62
    • 33244454462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexually dimorphic responses of the brain norepinephrine system to stress and corticotropin-releasing factor
    • Curtis, A. L., Bethea, T. & Valentino, R. J. Sexually dimorphic responses of the brain norepinephrine system to stress and corticotropin- releasing factor. Neuropsychopharmacology 31, 544-554 (2005).
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.31 , pp. 544-554
    • Curtis, A.L.1    Bethea, T.2    Valentino, R.J.3
  • 63
    • 0030924948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between males and females in rates of serotonin synthesis in human brain
    • Nishizawa, S. et al. Differences between males and females in rates of serotonin synthesis in human brain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 5308-5313 (1997).
    • (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 5308-5313
    • Nishizawa, S.1
  • 64
    • 0016271049 scopus 로고
    • Determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in brain tissue from an autopsy material
    • Gottfries, C. G., Roos, B. E. & Winblad, B. Determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in brain tissue from an autopsy material. Acta. Psychiatr. Scand. 50, 496-507 (1974).
    • (1974) Acta. Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.50 , pp. 496-507
    • Gottfries, C.G.1    Roos, B.E.2    Winblad, B.3
  • 65
    • 0035955948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human raphe magnus nucleus: A morphometric Golgi-Cox study with emphasis on sex differences
    • Cordero, M. E., Rodriguez, A., Torres, R. & Valenzuela, C. Y. Human raphe magnus nucleus: a morphometric Golgi-Cox study with emphasis on sex differences. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 131, 85-92 (2001).
    • (2001) Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. , vol.131 , pp. 85-92
    • Cordero, M.E.1    Rodriguez, A.2    Torres, R.3    Valenzuela, C.Y.4
  • 66
    • 0033012262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and age influences on human brain mu-opiod receptor binding measured by PET
    • Zubieta, J. K., Dannals, R. & Frost, J. Gender and age influences on human brain mu-opiod receptor binding measured by PET. Am. J. Psychiatry 156, 842-848 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 842-848
    • Zubieta, J.K.1    Dannals, R.2    Frost, J.3
  • 67
    • 21844455246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA receptors as broadcasters of sexually differentiating signals in the brain
    • Galanopoulou, A. S. GABA receptors as broadcasters of sexually differentiating signals in the brain. Epilepsia 46, 107-112 (2005).
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , pp. 107-112
    • Galanopoulou, A.S.1
  • 68
    • 0036887005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing the unexpected: How sex differences in stress responses may provide a new perspective on the manifestation of psychiatric disorders
    • Klein, L. C. & Corwin, E. J. Seeing the unexpected: how sex differences in stress responses may provide a new perspective on the manifestation of psychiatric disorders. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 4, 441-448 (2002).
    • (2002) Curr. Psychiatry Rep. , vol.4 , pp. 441-448
    • Klein, L.C.1    Corwin, E.J.2
  • 69
    • 20344371487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer disease pathology
    • Barnes, L. L. et al. Sex differences in the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer disease pathology. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62, 685-691 (2005).
    • (2005) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 685-691
    • Barnes, L.L.1
  • 71
    • 20844434785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Sex, apolipoprotein E ε 4 status, and hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment
    • Fleisher, A. et al. Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Sex, apolipoprotein E ε 4 status, and hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Neurol. 62, 953-957 (2005).
    • (2005) Arch. Neurol. , vol.62 , pp. 953-957
    • Fleisher, A.1
  • 72
    • 14844303375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive symptoms, sex, and risk for Alzheimer's disease
    • Dal Forno, G. et al. Depressive symptoms, sex, and risk for Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 57, 381-387 (2005).
    • (2005) Ann. Neurol. , vol.57 , pp. 381-387
    • Dal Forno, G.1
  • 73
    • 0030686410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in brain morphology in schizophrenia
    • Nopoulos, P., Flaum, M. & Andreasen, N. Sex differences in brain morphology in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 154, 1648-1654 (1997).
    • (1997) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 1648-1654
    • Nopoulos, P.1    Flaum, M.2    Andreasen, N.3
  • 74
    • 1542408463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sexually dimorphic ratio of orbitofrontal to amygdala volume is altered in schizophrenia
    • Gur, R. E. et al. A sexually dimorphic ratio of orbitofrontal to amygdala volume is altered in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 55, 512-517 (2004).
    • (2004) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 512-517
    • Gur, R.E.1
  • 75
    • 1542269069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral asymmetry and the lateralization of language: Core deficits in schizophrenia as pointers to the gene
    • Crow, T. J. Cerebral asymmetry and the lateralization of language: core deficits in schizophrenia as pointers to the gene. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 17, 96-106 (2004).
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 96-106
    • Crow, T.J.1
  • 76
    • 1342343042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D morphometrics of craniofacial dysmorphology reveals sex-specific asymmetries in schizophrenia
    • Hennessy, R. J. et al. 3D morphometrics of craniofacial dysmorphology reveals sex-specific asymmetries in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 67, 261-268 (2004).
    • (2004) Schizophr. Res. , vol.67 , pp. 261-268
    • Hennessy, R.J.1
  • 77
    • 0032760695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in dopaminergic function in striatum and nucleus accumbens
    • Becker, J. B. Gender differences in dopaminergic function in striatum and nucleus accumbens. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 64, 803-812 (1999).
    • (1999) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.64 , pp. 803-812
    • Becker, J.B.1
  • 78
    • 0036912534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological basis of sex differences in drug abuse: Preclinical and clinical studies
    • Lynch, W. J., Roth, M. E. & Carroll, M. E. Biological basis of sex differences in drug abuse: preclinical and clinical studies. Psychopharmacology 164, 121-137 (2002).
    • (2002) Psychopharmacology , vol.164 , pp. 121-137
    • Lynch, W.J.1    Roth, M.E.2    Carroll, M.E.3
  • 79
    • 1642568646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural correlates of cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent women
    • Kilts, C. D., Gross, R. E., Ely, T. D. & Drexler, K. P. The neural correlates of cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent women. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 233-241 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 233-241
    • Kilts, C.D.1    Gross, R.E.2    Ely, T.D.3    Drexler, K.P.4
  • 80
    • 0002152632 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in mental abilities, hemispheric lateralization, and rate of physical growth in adolescence
    • Waber, D. P. Sex differences in mental abilities, hemispheric lateralization, and rate of physical growth in adolescence. Dev. Psychol. 13, 29-38 (1977).
    • (1977) Dev. Psychol. , vol.13 , pp. 29-38
    • Waber, D.P.1
  • 81
    • 20144378738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies and methods for research on sex differences in brain and behavior
    • Becker, J. B. et al. Strategies and methods for research on sex differences in brain and behavior. Endocrinology 146, 1650-1673 (2005). An excellent, comprehensive review by field leaders of various approaches taken to studying the issue of sex influences on the brain, including description of the pitfalls to be avoided. Should be mandatory reading for anyone entering the field.
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 1650-1673
    • Becker, J.B.1
  • 83
    • 0006133937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadal steroids, learning and memory
    • ed. Pfaff, D.W. Academic, San Diego
    • Dohanich, G. P. Gonadal steroids, learning and memory. Hormones, Brain, and Behavior Vol. 2 (ed. Pfaff, D.W.) 265-327 (Academic, San Diego, 2002).
    • (2002) Hormones, Brain, and Behavior , vol.2 , pp. 265-327
    • Dohanich, G.P.1
  • 84
    • 3242747572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the estrous cycle on water maze acquisition depends on the temperature of the water
    • Rubinow, M. J., Arseneau, L. M., Beverly, J. L. & Juraska, J. M. Effect of the estrous cycle on water maze acquisition depends on the temperature of the water. Behav. Neurosci. 118, 863-868 (2004).
    • (2004) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.118 , pp. 863-868
    • Rubinow, M.J.1    Arseneau, L.M.2    Beverly, J.L.3    Juraska, J.M.4
  • 85
    • 0035028747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes and steroids: Using a psychobiosocial model to understand cognitive sex differences
    • Halpern, D. F. & Tan, U. Stereotypes and steroids: using a psychobiosocial model to understand cognitive sex differences. Brain Cogn. 45, 392-414 (2001).
    • (2001) Brain Cogn. , vol.45 , pp. 392-414
    • Halpern, D.F.1    Tan, U.2
  • 86
    • 27144524949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal cycle modulates arousal circuitry in women using functional magnetic resonance imaging
    • Goldstein, J. M. et al. Hormonal cycle modulates arousal circuitry in women using functional magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurosci. 25, 9309-9316 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , pp. 9309-9316
    • Goldstein, J.M.1
  • 87
    • 21844477304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemispheric asymmetry in spatial attention across the menstrual cycle
    • Hausmann, M. Hemispheric asymmetry in spatial attention across the menstrual cycle. Neuropsychologia 43, 1559-1567 (2005).
    • (2005) Neuropsychologia , vol.43 , pp. 1559-1567
    • Hausmann, M.1
  • 88
    • 18544405538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced cerebral vasoconstriction differs as a function of sex and menstrual cycle phase
    • Kaufman, M. J. et al. Cocaine-induced cerebral vasoconstriction differs as a function of sex and menstrual cycle phase. Biol. Psychiatry 49, 774-781 (2001).
    • (2001) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 774-781
    • Kaufman, M.J.1
  • 89
    • 0032778941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of D-amphetamine during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in women
    • Justice, A. J. & de Wit, H. Acute effects of D-amphetamine during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in women. Psychopharmacology 145, 67-75 (1999).
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology , vol.145 , pp. 67-75
    • Justice, A.J.1    De Wit, H.2
  • 90
    • 0036912534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological basis of sex differences in drug abuse: Preclinical and clinical studies
    • Lynch, W. J., Roth, M. E. & Carroll, M. E. Biological basis of sex differences in drug abuse: preclinical and clinical studies. Psychopharmacology 164, 121-137 (2002).
    • (2002) Psychopharmacology , vol.164 , pp. 121-137
    • Lynch, W.J.1    Roth, M.E.2    Carroll, M.E.3
  • 91
    • 0037381402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxytocin improves long-lasting spatial memory during motherhood through MAP kinase cascade
    • Tomizawa, K. et al. Oxytocin improves long-lasting spatial memory during motherhood through MAP kinase cascade. Nature Neurosci. 6, 384-390 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 384-390
    • Tomizawa, K.1
  • 93
    • 0031615203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the recall of affective experiences
    • Seidlitz, L. & Diener, E. Sex differences in the recall of affective experiences. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 74, 262-271 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.74 , pp. 262-271
    • Seidlitz, L.1    Diener, E.2
  • 94
    • 0029972847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of hippocampus or caudate nucleus with lidocaine differentially affects expression of place and response learning
    • Packard, M. G. & McGaugh, J. L. Inactivation of hippocampus or caudate nucleus with lidocaine differentially affects expression of place and response learning. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 65, 65-72 (1996).
    • (1996) Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. , vol.65 , pp. 65-72
    • Packard, M.G.1    McGaugh, J.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.