메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 304-318

Abo-, inco-, ona-, and rima-botulinum toxins in clinical therapy: A primer

Author keywords

Abobotulinumtoxina; Botulinum toxin; Incobotulinumtoxina; Onabotulinumtoxina; Rimabotulinumtoxinb

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOPYRIDINE; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; BOTULINUM TOXIN B; CBTX A; CNBTX A; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; NEURONOX; NEUROTOXIN; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; PLACEBO; RT 001; SNARE PROTEIN; SPASMOLYTIC AGENT; SYNAPTOSOMAL ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84875456301     PISSN: 02770008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/phar.1196     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (38)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0019619833 scopus 로고
    • The origin, structure, and pharmacological activity of botulinum toxin
    • Simpson LL. The origin, structure, and pharmacological activity of botulinum toxin. Pharmacol Rev 1981;33:155-88.
    • (1981) Pharmacol Rev , vol.33 , pp. 155-188
    • Simpson, L.L.1
  • 2
    • 36549049448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of therapeutic botulinum toxin preparations
    • Dressler D, Benecke R. Pharmacology of therapeutic botulinum toxin preparations. Disabil Rehabil 2007;29:1761-8.
    • (2007) Disabil Rehabil , vol.29 , pp. 1761-1768
    • Dressler, D.1    Benecke, R.2
  • 3
    • 0036840022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic use of botulinum toxins: Background and history
    • Setler PE. Therapeutic use of botulinum toxins: background and history. Clin J Pain 2002;18(Suppl 6):S119-24.
    • (2002) Clin J Pain , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Setler, P.E.1
  • 4
    • 18744367244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type A and other botulinum toxin serotypes: A comparative review of biochemical and pharmacological actions
    • Aoki KR, Guyer B. Botulinum toxin type A and other botulinum toxin serotypes: a comparative review of biochemical and pharmacological actions. Eur J Neurol 2001;8(Suppl 5):21-9.
    • (2001) Eur J Neurol , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 21-29
    • Aoki, K.R.1    Guyer, B.2
  • 5
    • 33644958470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulism, Ames, IA: College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Available at, Accessed January 15, 2013
    • Center for Food Security and Public Health. Botulism. Ames, IA: College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University; 2005. Available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/botulism.pdf. Accessed January 15, 2013.
    • (2005) Center for Food Security and Public Health
  • 6
    • 71549126807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The science and manufacturing behind botulinum neurotoxin type A-ABO in clinical use
    • Wortzman MS, Pickett A. The science and manufacturing behind botulinum neurotoxin type A-ABO in clinical use. Aesthet Surg J 2009;6(Suppl):S34-S42.
    • (2009) Aesthet Surg J , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Wortzman, M.S.1    Pickett, A.2
  • 7
    • 84875431122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (onabotulinumtoxinA) [package insert]. Irvine, CA: Allergan, Inc
    • Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) [package insert]. Irvine, CA: Allergan, Inc.; 2011.
    • (2011) Botox
  • 8
    • 84875424588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (abobotulinumtoxinA) [package insert]. Wrexham, UK: Ipsen Biopharm, Ltd
    • Dysport (abobotulinumtoxinA) [package insert]. Wrexham, UK: Ipsen Biopharm, Ltd.; 2010.
    • (2010) Dysport
  • 9
    • 84875426741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (incobotulinumtoxinA) [package insert]. Greensboro, NC: Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC
    • Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA) [package insert]. Greensboro, NC: Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC; 2011.
    • (2011) Xeomin
  • 10
    • 84875459383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (rimabotulinumtoxinB) [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Solstice Neurosciences, Inc
    • Myobloc (rimabotulinumtoxinB) [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Solstice Neurosciences, Inc.; 2010.
    • (2010) Myobloc
  • 11
    • 77957938935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formulation composition of botulinum toxins in clinical use
    • Pickett A, Perrow K. Formulation composition of botulinum toxins in clinical use. J Drugs Dermatol 2010;9(9):1085-91.
    • (2010) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. 1085-1091
    • Pickett, A.1    Perrow, K.2
  • 12
    • 43149084857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of autonomic disorders and pain (an evidence-based review): Report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the american academy of neurology
    • Naumann M, So Y, Argoff CE, et al. Assessment: botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of autonomic disorders and pain (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2008;70:1707-14.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 1707-1714
    • Naumann, M.1    So, Y.2    Argoff, C.E.3
  • 13
    • 43149083728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review): Report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the american academy of neurology
    • Simpson DM, Blitzer A, Brashear A, et al. Assessment: botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2008;70:1699-706.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 1699-1706
    • Simpson, D.M.1    Blitzer, A.2    Brashear, A.3
  • 14
    • 43149099933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of spasticity (an evidence- based review): Report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the american academy of neurology
    • Simpson DM, Gracies JM, Graham HK, et al. Assessment: botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of spasticity (an evidence- based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2008;70:1691-8.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 1691-1698
    • Simpson, D.M.1    Gracies, J.M.2    Graham, H.K.3
  • 15
    • 76749166415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter: Pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (an evidence-based review): Report of the quality standards subcommittee of the american academy of neurology and the practice committee of the child neurology society
    • Delgado MR, Hirtz D, Aisen M, et al. Practice parameter: pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology 2010;74:336-43.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , pp. 336-343
    • Delgado, M.R.1    Hirtz, D.2    Aisen, M.3
  • 16
    • 77954693446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and after-care for lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: International consensus statement
    • Love SC, Novak I, Kentish M, et al. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and after-care for lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(Suppl 2):9-37.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 9-37
    • Love, S.C.1    Novak, I.2    Kentish, M.3
  • 17
    • 77954709224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and follow-up for paediatric upper limb hypertonicity: International consensus statement
    • Fehlings D, Novak I, Berweck S, Hoare B, Stott NS, Russo RN. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and follow-up for paediatric upper limb hypertonicity: international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(Suppl 2):38-56.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 38-56
    • Fehlings, D.1    Novak, I.2    Berweck, S.3    Hoare, B.4    Stott, N.S.5    Russo, R.N.6
  • 18
    • 77954708882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and aftercare for lower limb disorders of movement and muscle tone in adults: International consensus statement
    • Olver J, Esquenazi A, Fung VS, Singer BJ, Ward AB. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and aftercare for lower limb disorders of movement and muscle tone in adults: international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(Suppl 2):57-73.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 57-73
    • Olver, J.1    Esquenazi, A.2    Fung, V.S.3    Singer, B.J.4    Ward, A.B.5
  • 19
    • 77954745740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and after-care for upper limb hypertonicity in adults: International consensus statement
    • Sheean G, Lannin NA, Turner-Stokes L, Rawicki B, Snow BJ. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and after-care for upper limb hypertonicity in adults: international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(Suppl 2):74-93.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 74-93
    • Sheean, G.1    Lannin, N.A.2    Turner-Stokes, L.3    Rawicki, B.4    Snow, B.J.5
  • 20
    • 77954733574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and aftercare for cervical dystonia and other causes of hypertonia of the neck: International consensus statement
    • Novak I, Campbell L, Boyce M, Fung VS. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and aftercare for cervical dystonia and other causes of hypertonia of the neck: international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(Suppl 2):94-108.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 94-108
    • Novak, I.1    Campbell, L.2    Boyce, M.3    Fung, V.S.4
  • 21
    • 77954718068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and aftercare for paediatric and adult drooling: International consensus statement
    • Reddihough D, Erasmus CE, Johnson H, McKellar GM, Jongerius PH. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and aftercare for paediatric and adult drooling: international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(Suppl 2):109-21.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 109-121
    • Reddihough, D.1    Erasmus, C.E.2    Johnson, H.3    McKellar, G.M.4    Jongerius, P.H.5
  • 22
    • 77954717013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and aftercare for paediatric and adult niche indications including pain: International consensus statement
    • Rawicki B, Sheean G, Fung VS, Goldsmith S, Morgan C, Novak I. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and aftercare for paediatric and adult niche indications including pain: international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(Suppl 2):122-34.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 122-134
    • Rawicki, B.1    Sheean, G.2    Fung, V.S.3    Goldsmith, S.4    Morgan, C.5    Novak, I.6
  • 23
    • 68849125464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin for the management of adult patients with upper motor neuron syndrome
    • Esquenazi A, Mayer NH, Elia AE, Albanese A. Botulinum toxin for the management of adult patients with upper motor neuron syndrome. Toxicon 2009;54:634-8.
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , pp. 634-638
    • Esquenazi, A.1    Mayer, N.H.2    Elia, A.E.3    Albanese, A.4
  • 24
    • 67651159120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxins for post-stroke spasticity in adults: A systematic review
    • Elia AE, Filippini G, Calandrella D, Albanse A. Botulinum neurotoxins for post-stroke spasticity in adults: a systematic review. Mov Disord 2009;24:801-12.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 801-812
    • Elia, A.E.1    Filippini, G.2    Calandrella, D.3    Albanse, A.4
  • 25
    • 79951810851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in managing chronic musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta analysis
    • Zhang T, Adatia A, Zarin W, et al. The efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in managing chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2011;19:21-34.
    • (2011) Inflammopharmacology , vol.19 , pp. 21-34
    • Zhang, T.1    Adatia, A.2    Zarin, W.3
  • 27
    • 33751257772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulism in 4 adults following cosmetic injections with an unlicensed, highly concentrated botulinum preparation
    • Chertow DS, Tan ET, Maslanka SE, et al. Botulism in 4 adults following cosmetic injections with an unlicensed, highly concentrated botulinum preparation. JAMA 2006;296:2476-9.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 2476-2479
    • Chertow, D.S.1    Tan, E.T.2    Maslanka, S.E.3
  • 28
    • 66949127953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serious issues relating to the clinical use of unlicensed botulinum toxin products
    • Pickett A, Mewies M. Serious issues relating to the clinical use of unlicensed botulinum toxin products. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;61:149-50.
    • (2009) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.61 , pp. 149-150
    • Pickett, A.1    Mewies, M.2
  • 29
    • 38949186462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potency of the botulinum toxin product CNBTX-A significantly exceeds labeled units in standard potency test
    • Hunt T, Clarke K. Potency of the botulinum toxin product CNBTX-A significantly exceeds labeled units in standard potency test. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:517-8.
    • (2008) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.58 , pp. 517-518
    • Hunt, T.1    Clarke, K.2
  • 30
    • 42149190017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From poison to remedy: The chequered history of botulinum toxin
    • Erbguth FJ. From poison to remedy: the chequered history of botulinum toxin. J Neural Transm 2008;115:559-65.
    • (2008) J Neural Transm , vol.115 , pp. 559-565
    • Erbguth, F.J.1
  • 31
    • 78049242459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting botulinum neurotoxin persistence by the ubiquitin-proteasome system
    • Tsai YC, Maditz R, Kuo CL, et al. Targeting botulinum neurotoxin persistence by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:16554-9.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 16554-16559
    • Tsai, Y.C.1    Maditz, R.2    Kuo, C.L.3
  • 32
    • 78349258949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The current scientific and legal status of alternative methods to the LD50 test for botulinum neurotoxin potency testing
    • Adler S, Bicker G, Bigalke H, et al. The current scientific and legal status of alternative methods to the LD50 test for botulinum neurotoxin potency testing. Altern Lab Anim 2010;38:315-30.
    • (2010) Altern Lab Anim , vol.38 , pp. 315-330
    • Adler, S.1    Bicker, G.2    Bigalke, H.3
  • 33
    • 0242659144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role for standards in assays of botulinum toxins: International collaborative study of three preparations of botulinum type A toxin
    • Sesardic D, Leung T, Gaines Das R. Role for standards in assays of botulinum toxins: international collaborative study of three preparations of botulinum type A toxin. Biologicals 2003;31:265-76.
    • (2003) Biologicals , vol.31 , pp. 265-276
    • Sesardic, D.1    Leung, T.2    Gaines, D.R.3
  • 34
    • 0030245670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic botulinum type A toxin: Factors affecting potency
    • McLellan K, Das RE, Ekong TA, Sesardic D. Therapeutic botulinum type A toxin: factors affecting potency. Toxicon 1996;34:975-85.
    • (1996) Toxicon , vol.34 , pp. 975-985
    • McLellan, K.1    Das, R.E.2    Ekong, T.A.3    Sesardic, D.4
  • 35
    • 0027998242 scopus 로고
    • Potency equivalence of botulinum toxin preparations
    • Hambleton P, Pickett AM. Potency equivalence of botulinum toxin preparations. J R Soc Med 1994;87:719.
    • (1994) J R Soc Med , vol.87 , pp. 719
    • Hambleton, P.1    Pickett, A.M.2
  • 36
    • 0024194826 scopus 로고
    • Systemic toxicity of botulinum toxin by intramuscular injection in the monkey
    • Scott AB, Suzuki D. Systemic toxicity of botulinum toxin by intramuscular injection in the monkey. Mov Disord 1988;3:333-5.
    • (1988) Mov Disord , vol.3 , pp. 333-335
    • Scott, A.B.1    Suzuki, D.2
  • 37
    • 79953221849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Content of botulinum neurotoxin in botox(r)/vistabel( r), dysport(r)/azzalure(r), and xeomin(r)/bocouture(r)
    • Frevert J. Content of botulinum neurotoxin in Botox(R)/Vistabel( R), Dysport(R)/Azzalure(R), and Xeomin(R)/Bocouture(R). Drugs R D 2010;10:67-73.
    • (2010) Drugs R D , vol.10 , pp. 67-73
    • Frevert, J.1
  • 38
  • 39
    • 79953221186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistent biochemical data are essential for comparability of botulinum toxin type A products
    • author reply 98-9
    • Pickett A. Consistent biochemical data are essential for comparability of botulinum toxin type A products. Drugs R D 2011;11:97-8; author reply 98-9.
    • (2011) Drugs R D , vol.11 , pp. 97-98
    • Pickett, A.1
  • 40
    • 79953219441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it possible to accurately determine content of botulinum neurotoxin type A in drug products?
    • Sesardic D. Is it possible to accurately determine content of botulinum neurotoxin type A in drug products? Drugs R D 2010;10:91-2.
    • (2010) Drugs R D , vol.10 , pp. 91-92
    • Sesardic, D.1
  • 41
    • 0034719038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biochemistry of botulinum toxin type B
    • Setler P. The biochemistry of botulinum toxin type B. Neurology 2000;55(Suppl 5):S22-8.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Setler, P.1
  • 42
    • 84857638316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the potency labelling of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox[R]) and incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin [R]) in an LD50 assay
    • Dressler D, Mander G, Fink K. Measuring the potency labelling of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox[R]) and incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin [R]) in an LD50 assay. J Neural Transm 2012;119:13-5.
    • (2012) J Neural Transm , vol.119 , pp. 13-15
    • Dressler, D.1    Mander, G.2    Fink, K.3
  • 43
    • 84863988492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field effect of two commercial preparations of botulinum toxin type A: A prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial
    • Hexsel D, Brum C, do Prado DZ, et al. Field effect of two commercial preparations of botulinum toxin type A: a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:226-32.
    • (2012) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.67 , pp. 226-232
    • Hexsel, D.1    Brum, C.2    Do Prado, D.Z.3
  • 44
    • 67650433813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose equivalence of two commercial preparations of botulinum neurotoxin type A: Time for a reassessment?
    • Wohlfarth K, Sycha T, Ranoux D, Naver H, Caird D. Dose equivalence of two commercial preparations of botulinum neurotoxin type A: time for a reassessment? Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25:1573-84.
    • (2009) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.25 , pp. 1573-1584
    • Wohlfarth, K.1    Sycha, T.2    Ranoux, D.3    Naver, H.4    Caird, D.5
  • 45
    • 58149280160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current evidence on the unit equivalence of different botulinum neurotoxin A formulations and recommendations for clinical practice in dermatology
    • Karsai S, Raulin C. Current evidence on the unit equivalence of different botulinum neurotoxin A formulations and recommendations for clinical practice in dermatology. Dermatol Surg 2009;35:1-8.
    • (2009) Dermatol Surg , vol.35 , pp. 1-8
    • Karsai, S.1    Raulin, C.2
  • 46
    • 34447294288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing two botulinum toxin type A formulations using manufacturers product summaries
    • Wenzel R, Jones D, Borrego JA. Comparing two botulinum toxin type A formulations using manufacturers product summaries. J Clin Pharm Ther 2007;32:387-402.
    • (2007) J Clin Pharm Ther , vol.32 , pp. 387-402
    • Wenzel, R.1    Jones, D.2    Borrego, J.A.3
  • 47
    • 3242745955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical comparability of marketed formulations of botulinum toxin
    • Sampaio C, Costa J, Ferreira JJ. Clinical comparability of marketed formulations of botulinum toxin. Mov Disord 2004;19 (Suppl 19):S129-36.
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. 19
    • Sampaio, C.1    Costa, J.2    Ferreira, J.J.3
  • 49
    • 8144220875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of volume and concentration on the diffusion of botulinum exotoxin A
    • Hsu TS, Dover JS, Arndt KA. Effect of volume and concentration on the diffusion of botulinum exotoxin A. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:1351-4.
    • (2004) Arch Dermatol , vol.140 , pp. 1351-1354
    • Hsu, T.S.1    Dover, J.S.2    Arndt, K.A.3
  • 50
    • 68849099523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysport: Pharmacological properties and factors that influence toxin action
    • Pickett A. Dysport: pharmacological properties and factors that influence toxin action. Toxicon 2009;54:683-9.
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , pp. 683-689
    • Pickett, A.1
  • 51
    • 2642602384 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum type A toxin: Properties of a toxic dissociation product
    • Wagman J, Bateman JB. Botulinum type A toxin: properties of a toxic dissociation product. Arch Biochem Biophys 1953;45:375-83.
    • (1953) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.45 , pp. 375-383
    • Wagman, J.1    Bateman, J.B.2
  • 52
    • 79952364126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the dissociation of botulinum neurotoxin type A complexes
    • Eisele KH, Fink K, Vey M, Taylor HV. Studies on the dissociation of botulinum neurotoxin type A complexes. Toxicon 2011;57:555-65.
    • (2011) Toxicon , vol.57 , pp. 555-565
    • Eisele, K.H.1    Fink, K.2    Vey, M.3    Taylor, H.V.4
  • 53
    • 69749107105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assay of diffusion of different botulinum neurotoxin type a formulations injected in the mouse leg
    • Carli L, Montecucco C, Rossetto O. Assay of diffusion of different botulinum neurotoxin type a formulations injected in the mouse leg. Muscle Nerve 2009;40:374-80.
    • (2009) Muscle Nerve , vol.40 , pp. 374-380
    • Carli, L.1    Montecucco, C.2    Rossetto, O.3
  • 54
    • 0032951652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin A: Efficacy, safety, and antibody frequency, german dystonia study group
    • Kessler KR, Skutta M, Benecke R. Long-term treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin A: efficacy, safety, and antibody frequency. German Dystonia Study Group. J Neurol 1999;246:265-74.
    • (1999) J Neurol , vol.246 , pp. 265-274
    • Kessler, K.R.1    Skutta, M.2    Benecke, R.3
  • 55
    • 84857823034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance of botulinum toxin immunogenicity
    • Benecke R. Clinical relevance of botulinum toxin immunogenicity. Biodrugs 2012;26:e1-e9.
    • (2012) Biodrugs , vol.26
    • Benecke, R.1
  • 56
    • 84875457235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin type A in urology: Antibodies as a cause of therapy failure
    • Schulte-Baukloh H, Bigalke H, Miller K, et al. Botulinum neurotoxin type A in urology: antibodies as a cause of therapy failure. Int J Urol 2008;70:133-6.
    • (2008) Int J Urol , vol.70 , pp. 133-136
    • Schulte-Baukloh, H.1    Bigalke, H.2    Miller, K.3
  • 57
    • 79952299441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New trends in the science of botulinum toxin-A as applied in dystonia
    • Pickett A, Rosales RL. New trends in the science of botulinum toxin-A as applied in dystonia. Int J Neurosci 2011;121(Suppl 1):22-34.
    • (2011) Int J Neurosci , vol.121 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 22-34
    • Pickett, A.1    Rosales, R.L.2
  • 58
    • 33845939760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinico-immunologic aspects of botulinum toxin type B treatment of cervical dystonia
    • Jankovic J, Hunter C, Dolimbek BZ, et al. Clinico-immunologic aspects of botulinum toxin type B treatment of cervical dystonia. Neurology 2006;67:2233-5.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 2233-2235
    • Jankovic, J.1    Hunter, C.2    Dolimbek, B.Z.3
  • 59
    • 23944454472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type B de novo therapy of cervical dystonia: Frequency of antibody induced therapy failure
    • Dressler D, Bigalke H. Botulinum toxin type B de novo therapy of cervical dystonia: frequency of antibody induced therapy failure. J Neurol 2005;252:904-7.
    • (2005) J Neurol , vol.252 , pp. 904-907
    • Dressler, D.1    Bigalke, H.2
  • 60
    • 49449089672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular recognition of botulinum neurotoxin B heavy chain by human antibodies from cervical dystonia patients that develop immunoresistance to toxin treatment
    • Atassi MZ, Dolimbek BZ, Jankovic J, Steward LE, Aoki KR. Molecular recognition of botulinum neurotoxin B heavy chain by human antibodies from cervical dystonia patients that develop immunoresistance to toxin treatment. Mol Immunol 2008;45:3878-88.
    • (2008) Mol Immunol , vol.45 , pp. 3878-3888
    • Atassi, M.Z.1    Dolimbek, B.Z.2    Jankovic, J.3    Steward, L.E.4    Aoki, K.R.5
  • 61
    • 33748777674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping of the regions on the heavy chain of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) recognized by antibodies of cervical dystonia patients with immunoresistance to BoNT/A
    • Dolimbek BZ, Aoki KR, Steward LE, Jankovic J, Atassi MZ. Mapping of the regions on the heavy chain of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) recognized by antibodies of cervical dystonia patients with immunoresistance to BoNT/A. Mol Immunol 2007;44:1029-41.
    • (2007) Mol Immunol , vol.44 , pp. 1029-1041
    • Dolimbek, B.Z.1    Aoki, K.R.2    Steward, L.E.3    Jankovic, J.4    Atassi, M.Z.5
  • 62
    • 79958808497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexing proteins in botulinum toxin type A drugs: A help or a hindrance?
    • Frevert J, Dressler D. Complexing proteins in botulinum toxin type A drugs: a help or a hindrance? Biologics 2010;4:325-32.
    • (2010) Biologics , vol.4 , pp. 325-332
    • Frevert, J.1    Dressler, D.2
  • 63
    • 68949187960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing antibodies and secondary therapy failure after treatment with botulinum toxin type A: Much ado about nothing?
    • Lange O, Bigalke H, Dengler R, Wegner F, deGroot M, Wohlfarth K. Neutralizing antibodies and secondary therapy failure after treatment with botulinum toxin type A: much ado about nothing? Clin Neuropharmacol 2009;32:213-8.
    • (2009) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 213-218
    • Lange, O.1    Bigalke, H.2    Dengler, R.3    Wegner, F.4    Degroot, M.5    Wohlfarth, K.6
  • 64
    • 0037426445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of efficacy and immunogenicity of original versus current botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia
    • Jankovic J, Vuong KD, Ahsan J. Comparison of efficacy and immunogenicity of original versus current botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia. Neurology 2003;60:1186-8.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1186-1188
    • Jankovic, J.1    Vuong, K.D.2    Ahsan, J.3
  • 65
    • 84862201559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoresistance in cervical dystonia patients after treatment with abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport)
    • Coleman C, Hubble J, Schwab J, Beffy J, Picaut P, Morte C. Immunoresistance in cervical dystonia patients after treatment with abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport). Int J Neurosci 2012;122:358-62.
    • (2012) Int J Neurosci , vol.122 , pp. 358-362
    • Coleman, C.1    Hubble, J.2    Schwab, J.3    Beffy, J.4    Picaut, P.5    Morte, C.6
  • 66
    • 3042774054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic immunological aspects of botulinum toxin therapy
    • Atassi MZ. Basic immunological aspects of botulinum toxin therapy. Mov Disord 2004;19(Suppl 8):S68-S84.
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. 8
    • Atassi, M.Z.1
  • 67
    • 4644357369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin: Dosing and dilution
    • Francisco GE. Botulinum toxin: dosing and dilution. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004;83(Suppl 10):S30-7.
    • (2004) Am J Phys Med Rehabil , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 10
    • Francisco, G.E.1
  • 69
    • 84865017456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations and current practices for the reconstitution and storage of botulinum toxin type A
    • Liu A, Carruthers A, Cohen JL, et al. Recommendations and current practices for the reconstitution and storage of botulinum toxin type A. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:373-8.
    • (2012) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.67 , pp. 373-378
    • Liu, A.1    Carruthers, A.2    Cohen, J.L.3
  • 71
    • 23944527141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type A injections: Adverse events reported to the US food and drug administration in therapeutic and cosmetic cases
    • Cote TR, Mohan AK, Polder JA, Walton MK, Braun MM. Botulinum toxin type A injections: adverse events reported to the US Food and Drug Administration in therapeutic and cosmetic cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:407-15.
    • (2005) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.53 , pp. 407-415
    • Cote, T.R.1    Mohan, A.K.2    Polder, J.A.3    Walton, M.K.4    Braun, M.M.5
  • 72
    • 0030693153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiosyncratic adverse reactions to intramuscular botulinum toxin type A injection
    • LeWitt PA, Trosch RM. Idiosyncratic adverse reactions to intramuscular botulinum toxin type A injection. Mov Disord 1997;12:1064-7.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 1064-1067
    • Lewitt, P.A.1    Trosch, R.M.2
  • 73
    • 0037040303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for disease control and prevention,general recommendations on immunization, recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) and the american academy of family physicians (AAFP)
    • Atkinson WL, Pickering LK, Schwartz B, Weniger BG, Iskander JK, Watson JC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General recommendations on immunization. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2002;51(RR-2): 1-35.
    • (2002) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.51 , Issue.2 RR , pp. 1-35
    • Atkinson, W.L.1    Pickering, L.K.2    Schwartz, B.3    Weniger, B.G.4    Iskander, J.K.5    Watson, J.C.6
  • 74
    • 84875431025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • April 30, Accessed January 15, 2013
    • FDA response to citizen petition on botulinum. April 30, 2009. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/ PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafety- InformationforHeathcareProfessionals/UCM143989.pdf. Accessed January 15, 2013.
    • (2009) FDA Response to Citizen Petition on Botulinum
  • 75
    • 0030027138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of 3, 4- diaminopyridine on rat extensor digitorum longus muscle paralyzed by local injection of botulinum neurotoxin
    • Adler M, MacDonald DA, Sellin LC, Parker GW. Effect of 3, 4- diaminopyridine on rat extensor digitorum longus muscle paralyzed by local injection of botulinum neurotoxin. Toxicon 1996;34:237-49.
    • (1996) Toxicon , vol.34 , pp. 237-249
    • Adler, M.1    MacDonald, D.A.2    Sellin, L.C.3    Parker, G.W.4
  • 76
    • 79952125748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards new uses of botulinum toxin as a novel therapeutic tool
    • Pickett A, Perrow K. Towards new uses of botulinum toxin as a novel therapeutic tool. Toxins (Basel) 2011;3:63-81.
    • (2011) Toxins (Basel) , vol.3 , pp. 63-81
    • Pickett, A.1    Perrow, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.