메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 6 SUPPL., 2009, Pages

The Science and Manufacturing Behind Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A-ABO in Clinical Use

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN A; BOTULINUM TOXIN B; NEUROTOXIN; PLACEBO; PROTEINASE;

EID: 71549126807     PISSN: 1090820X     EISSN: 1527330X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.asj.2009.09.014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (75)
  • 2
    • 34548312483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel subunit structure of Clostridium botulinum serotype D toxin complex with three extended arms
    • Hasegawa K., Watanabe T., Suzuki T., et al. A novel subunit structure of Clostridium botulinum serotype D toxin complex with three extended arms. J Biol Chem 282 (2007) 24777-24783
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 24777-24783
    • Hasegawa, K.1    Watanabe, T.2    Suzuki, T.3
  • 3
    • 16644374954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A
    • Wenzel R.G. Pharmacology of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A. Am J Health Syst Pharm 61 22 suppl 6 (2004) S5-S10
    • (2004) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.61 , Issue.22 SUPPL. 6
    • Wenzel, R.G.1
  • 4
    • 2442505501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications with the use of botulinum toxin
    • Klein A.W. Complications with the use of botulinum toxin. Dermatol Clin 22 (2004) 197-205
    • (2004) Dermatol Clin , vol.22 , pp. 197-205
    • Klein, A.W.1
  • 5
    • 37049232988 scopus 로고
    • The most poisonous poison
    • Lamanna C. The most poisonous poison. Science 130 (1959) 763-772
    • (1959) Science , vol.130 , pp. 763-772
    • Lamanna, C.1
  • 6
    • 33751257772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulism in 4 adults following aesthetic injections with an unlicensed, highly concentrated botulinum preparation
    • Chertow D.S., Tan E.T., Maslanka S.E., et al. Botulism in 4 adults following aesthetic injections with an unlicensed, highly concentrated botulinum preparation. JAMA 296 (2006) 2476-2479
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 2476-2479
    • Chertow, D.S.1    Tan, E.T.2    Maslanka, S.E.3
  • 7
    • 0024194826 scopus 로고
    • Systemic toxicity of botulinum toxin by intramuscular injection in the monkey
    • Scott A.B., and Suzuki D. Systemic toxicity of botulinum toxin by intramuscular injection in the monkey. Mov Disord 3 (1988) 333-335
    • (1988) Mov Disord , vol.3 , pp. 333-335
    • Scott, A.B.1    Suzuki, D.2
  • 10
    • 0035961566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management
    • Arnon S.S., Schechter R., Inglesby T.V., et al. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA 285 (2001) 1059-1070
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1059-1070
    • Arnon, S.S.1    Schechter, R.2    Inglesby, T.V.3
  • 11
    • 43049146299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum A1-A4 and B1 strains: BoNT/A3, /Ba4 and /B1 clusters relocated within plasmids
    • Smith T.J., Hill K.K., Foley B.T., et al. Analysis of the neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum A1-A4 and B1 strains: BoNT/A3, /Ba4 and /B1 clusters relocated within plasmids. PLos One 12 (2007) e1271
    • (2007) PLos One , vol.12
    • Smith, T.J.1    Hill, K.K.2    Foley, B.T.3
  • 12
    • 71549153271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction
    • Ward A.B., and Barnes M. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Ward A.B., and Barnes M. Introduction. In: Ward A.B., and Barnes M. (Eds). Clinical uses of botulinum toxins. 1st ed. (2007), Cambridge University Press, New York
    • (2007) Clinical uses of botulinum toxins. 1st ed.
    • Ward, A.B.1    Barnes, M.2
  • 13
    • 2442451254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of botulinum toxin therapy
    • Scott A.B. Development of botulinum toxin therapy. Dermatol Clin 22 (2004) 131-133
    • (2004) Dermatol Clin , vol.22 , pp. 131-133
    • Scott, A.B.1
  • 14
  • 15
    • 3042769298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The story of Clostridium botulinum: from food poisoning to Botox
    • Ting P.T., and Freiman A. The story of Clostridium botulinum: from food poisoning to Botox. Clin Med 4 (2004) 258-261
    • (2004) Clin Med , vol.4 , pp. 258-261
    • Ting, P.T.1    Freiman, A.2
  • 16
    • 0029918076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum A exotoxin use in clinical dermatology
    • Carruthers A., Kiene K., and Carruthers J. Botulinum A exotoxin use in clinical dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 34 5 pt 1 (1996) 788-797
    • (1996) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.34 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 788-797
    • Carruthers, A.1    Kiene, K.2    Carruthers, J.3
  • 17
    • 0031755988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of the cosmetic use of botulinum A exotoxin
    • Carruthers A., and Carruthers J. History of the cosmetic use of botulinum A exotoxin. Dermatol Surg 24 (1998) 1168-1170
    • (1998) Dermatol Surg , vol.24 , pp. 1168-1170
    • Carruthers, A.1    Carruthers, J.2
  • 19
    • 33645861959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery from botulinum neurotoxin poisoning in vivo
    • Keller J.E. Recovery from botulinum neurotoxin poisoning in vivo. Neuroscience 139 (2006) 629-637
    • (2006) Neuroscience , vol.139 , pp. 629-637
    • Keller, J.E.1
  • 20
    • 71549117186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin
    • American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD
    • Botulinum toxin. AHFS Drug Information (2008), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD
    • (2008) AHFS Drug Information
  • 22
    • 34848919553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic botulism due to therapeutic botulinum toxin A injection in a pediatric patient
    • Crowner B.E., Brunstrom J.E., and Racette B.A. Iatrogenic botulism due to therapeutic botulinum toxin A injection in a pediatric patient. Clin Neuropharmacol 30 (2007) 310-313
    • (2007) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 310-313
    • Crowner, B.E.1    Brunstrom, J.E.2    Racette, B.A.3
  • 23
    • 0031057980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalised botulism-like syndrome after intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A: a report of two cases
    • Bakheit A.M., Ward C.D., and McLellan D.L. Generalised botulism-like syndrome after intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A: a report of two cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 62 (1997) 198
    • (1997) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 198
    • Bakheit, A.M.1    Ward, C.D.2    McLellan, D.L.3
  • 24
    • 0036408776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulism-like syndrome after botulinum toxin type A injections for focal hyperhidrosis
    • Tugnoli V., Eleopra R., Quatrale R., Capone J.G., Sensi M., and Gastaldo E. Botulism-like syndrome after botulinum toxin type A injections for focal hyperhidrosis. Br J Dermatol 147 (2002) 808-809
    • (2002) Br J Dermatol , vol.147 , pp. 808-809
    • Tugnoli, V.1    Eleopra, R.2    Quatrale, R.3    Capone, J.G.4    Sensi, M.5    Gastaldo, E.6
  • 25
    • 0034087427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulism-like syndrome after injections of botulinum toxin
    • Cobb D.B., Watson W.A., and Fernandez M.C. Botulism-like syndrome after injections of botulinum toxin. Vet Hum Toxicol 42 (2000) 163
    • (2000) Vet Hum Toxicol , vol.42 , pp. 163
    • Cobb, D.B.1    Watson, W.A.2    Fernandez, M.C.3
  • 26
    • 38149017820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic botulism in a child with spastic quadriparesis
    • Partikian A., and Mitchell W.G. Iatrogenic botulism in a child with spastic quadriparesis. J Child Neurol 22 (2007) 1235-1237
    • (2007) J Child Neurol , vol.22 , pp. 1235-1237
    • Partikian, A.1    Mitchell, W.G.2
  • 30
    • 71549133161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pickett A, Mewies M. Counterfeit botulinum toxins-a serious risk to patient safety. Presented in poster form at Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins, Baveno, Italy, June 12-15, 2008.
    • Pickett A, Mewies M. Counterfeit botulinum toxins-a serious risk to patient safety. Presented in poster form at Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins, Baveno, Italy, June 12-15, 2008.
  • 31
    • 66949127953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serious issues relating to the clinical use of unlicensed botulinum toxin products
    • Pickett A., and Mewies M. Serious issues relating to the clinical use of unlicensed botulinum toxin products. J Am Acad Dermatol 61 (2009) 149-150
    • (2009) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.61 , pp. 149-150
    • Pickett, A.1    Mewies, M.2
  • 32
    • 68849099523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysport: pharmacological properties and factors that influence toxin action
    • Pickett A. Dysport: pharmacological properties and factors that influence toxin action. Toxicon 54 (2009) 683-689
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , pp. 683-689
    • Pickett, A.1
  • 33
    • 1542601414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular injection of 125I-botulinum neurotoxin-complex versus 125I-botulinum-free neurotoxin: time course of tissue distribution
    • Tang-Liu D.D., Aoki K.R., Dolly J.O., et al. Intramuscular injection of 125I-botulinum neurotoxin-complex versus 125I-botulinum-free neurotoxin: time course of tissue distribution. Toxicon 42 (2003) 461-469
    • (2003) Toxicon , vol.42 , pp. 461-469
    • Tang-Liu, D.D.1    Aoki, K.R.2    Dolly, J.O.3
  • 35
    • 71549118628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study finds botulinum toxin spreads to CNS tissue in mice
    • Talan J. Study finds botulinum toxin spreads to CNS tissue in mice. Neurology Today 8 (2008) 22-23
    • (2008) Neurology Today , vol.8 , pp. 22-23
    • Talan, J.1
  • 36
    • 61849158286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reappraisal of the central effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A: by what mechanism?
    • Caleo M., Antonucci F., Restani L., and Mazzocchio R. A reappraisal of the central effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A: by what mechanism?. J Neurochem 109 (2009) 15-24
    • (2009) J Neurochem , vol.109 , pp. 15-24
    • Caleo, M.1    Antonucci, F.2    Restani, L.3    Mazzocchio, R.4
  • 37
    • 33747200488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological effects of botulinum toxin type A
    • Abbruzzese G., and Berardelli A. Neurophysiological effects of botulinum toxin type A. Neurotox Res 9 (2006) 109-114
    • (2006) Neurotox Res , vol.9 , pp. 109-114
    • Abbruzzese, G.1    Berardelli, A.2
  • 38
    • 0034483129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central effects of botulinum toxin: study of brainstem auditory evoked potentials
    • Ce P. Central effects of botulinum toxin: study of brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Eur J Neurol 7 (2000) 747
    • (2000) Eur J Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 747
    • Ce, P.1
  • 39
    • 0344738665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of botulinum toxin on motor system excitability in patients with writer's cramp
    • Boroojerdi B., Cohen L.G., and Hallett M. Effects of botulinum toxin on motor system excitability in patients with writer's cramp. Neurology 61 (2003) 1546-1550
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 1546-1550
    • Boroojerdi, B.1    Cohen, L.G.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 40
    • 0033945711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of botulinum toxin type A on intracortical inhibition in patients with dystonia
    • Gilio F., Currà A., Lorenzano C., Modugno N., Manfredi M., and Berardelli A. Effects of botulinum toxin type A on intracortical inhibition in patients with dystonia. Ann Neurol 48 (2000) 20-26
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 20-26
    • Gilio, F.1    Currà, A.2    Lorenzano, C.3    Modugno, N.4    Manfredi, M.5    Berardelli, A.6
  • 41
    • 68849129811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration characteristics of botulinum neurotoxins
    • Cliff S.H. Migration characteristics of botulinum neurotoxins. Cosmet Dermatol 20 suppl 3 (2007) 32-35
    • (2007) Cosmet Dermatol , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 32-35
    • Cliff, S.H.1
  • 42
    • 38949200265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different formulations of botulinum toxin type A have different migration characteristics: a double-blind, randomized study
    • Cliff S.H., Judodihardjo H., and Eltringham E. Different formulations of botulinum toxin type A have different migration characteristics: a double-blind, randomized study. J Cosmet Dermatol 7 (2008) 50-54
    • (2008) J Cosmet Dermatol , vol.7 , pp. 50-54
    • Cliff, S.H.1    Judodihardjo, H.2    Eltringham, E.3
  • 43
    • 34548862070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion characteristics of botulinum neurotoxin products and their clinical significance in cosmetic applications
    • de Almeida A.T., and De Boulle K. Diffusion characteristics of botulinum neurotoxin products and their clinical significance in cosmetic applications. J Cosmet Laser Ther 9 suppl 1 (2007) 17-22
    • (2007) J Cosmet Laser Ther , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 17-22
    • de Almeida, A.T.1    De Boulle, K.2
  • 44
    • 68849088586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of the 900 kDa neurotoxin complex from C. botulinum under physiological conditions. Presented in poster form at Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins, Baveno, Italy, June 12-15, 2008 (P164 published as an abstract in
    • Eisele K.H., and Taylor H.V. Dissociation of the 900 kDa neurotoxin complex from C. botulinum under physiological conditions. Presented in poster form at Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins, Baveno, Italy, June 12-15, 2008 (P164 published as an abstract in. Toxicon 51 suppl 1 (2008) 10
    • (2008) Toxicon , vol.51 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 10
    • Eisele, K.H.1    Taylor, H.V.2
  • 45
    • 43049115631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro stability of botulinum toxin complex preparations at physiological pH and temperature
    • Friday D., Bigalke H., and Frevert J. In vitro stability of botulinum toxin complex preparations at physiological pH and temperature. Arch Pharmacol 365 suppl 2 (2002) R20
    • (2002) Arch Pharmacol , vol.365 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Friday, D.1    Bigalke, H.2    Frevert, J.3
  • 48
    • 33846013599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of glabellar lines: determination of optimal dose
    • Monheit G., Carruthers A., Brandt F., and Rand R. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of glabellar lines: determination of optimal dose. Dermatol Surg 33 1 spec no. (2007) S51-S59
    • (2007) Dermatol Surg , vol.33 , Issue.1 spec
    • Monheit, G.1    Carruthers, A.2    Brandt, F.3    Rand, R.4
  • 49
    • 33645107639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological aspects of Botox, Dysport, and Myobloc/NeuroBloc
    • Dressler D., and Hallett M. Immunological aspects of Botox, Dysport, and Myobloc/NeuroBloc. Eur J Neurol 13 suppl 1 (2006) 11-15
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 11-15
    • Dressler, D.1    Hallett, M.2
  • 50
    • 0033378779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical update on Botox (botulinum toxin type A)-purified neurotoxin complex relative to other botulinum neurotoxin preparations
    • Aoki K.R. Preclinical update on Botox (botulinum toxin type A)-purified neurotoxin complex relative to other botulinum neurotoxin preparations. Eur J Neurol 6 suppl 4 (1996) S3-S10
    • (1996) Eur J Neurol , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Aoki, K.R.1
  • 51
    • 34047207959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin type A free of complexing proteins (XEOMIN) in focal dystonia
    • Jost W.H., Blümel J., and Grafe S. Botulinum neurotoxin type A free of complexing proteins (XEOMIN) in focal dystonia. Drugs 67 (2007) 669-683
    • (2007) Drugs , vol.67 , pp. 669-683
    • Jost, W.H.1    Blümel, J.2    Grafe, S.3
  • 53
    • 68849132535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical, functional and potency characteristics of type A botulinum toxin in clinical use
    • Panjwani N., O'Keefe R., and Pickett A. Biochemical, functional and potency characteristics of type A botulinum toxin in clinical use. The Botulinum J 1 (2008) 153-166
    • (2008) The Botulinum J , vol.1 , pp. 153-166
    • Panjwani, N.1    O'Keefe, R.2    Pickett, A.3
  • 54
    • 0001320451 scopus 로고
    • Physiology of toxin production by Clostridium botulinum types A and B. III. Effect of pH and temperature during incubation on growth, autolysis, and toxin production
    • Bonventre P.F., and Kempe L.L. Physiology of toxin production by Clostridium botulinum types A and B. III. Effect of pH and temperature during incubation on growth, autolysis, and toxin production. Appl Microbiol 7 (1959) 374-377
    • (1959) Appl Microbiol , vol.7 , pp. 374-377
    • Bonventre, P.F.1    Kempe, L.L.2
  • 55
    • 67649292434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do the botulinum neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release: from botulism to the molecular mechanism of action
    • Poulain B., Popoff M.R., and Molgó J. How do the botulinum neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release: from botulism to the molecular mechanism of action. The Botulinum J 1 (2008) 14-87
    • (2008) The Botulinum J , vol.1 , pp. 14-87
    • Poulain, B.1    Popoff, M.R.2    Molgó, J.3
  • 56
    • 48949099432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do different formulations of botulinum toxin type A really have different migration characteristics?
    • Karsai S., and Raulin C. Do different formulations of botulinum toxin type A really have different migration characteristics?. J Cosmet Dermatol 7 (2008) 230
    • (2008) J Cosmet Dermatol , vol.7 , pp. 230
    • Karsai, S.1    Raulin, C.2
  • 57
    • 58549094719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosylated SV2A and SV2B mediate the entry of botulinum neurotoxin E into neurons
    • Dong M., Liu H., Tepp W.H., Johnson E.A., Janz R., and Chapman E.R. Glycosylated SV2A and SV2B mediate the entry of botulinum neurotoxin E into neurons. Mol Biol Cell 19 (2008) 5226-5237
    • (2008) Mol Biol Cell , vol.19 , pp. 5226-5237
    • Dong, M.1    Liu, H.2    Tepp, W.H.3    Johnson, E.A.4    Janz, R.5    Chapman, E.R.6
  • 58
    • 65449152868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single molecule measurements of mechanical interactions within ternary SNARE complexes and dynamics of their disassembly: SNAP25 vs. SNAP23
    • Montana V., Liu W., Mohideen U., and Parpura V. Single molecule measurements of mechanical interactions within ternary SNARE complexes and dynamics of their disassembly: SNAP25 vs. SNAP23. J Physiol 587 pt 9 (2009) 1943-1960
    • (2009) J Physiol , vol.587 , Issue.PART 9 , pp. 1943-1960
    • Montana, V.1    Liu, W.2    Mohideen, U.3    Parpura, V.4
  • 59
    • 46249127036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of purification on the bioavailability of botulinum neurotoxin type A
    • Cheng L.W., Onisco B., Johnson E.A., et al. Effects of purification on the bioavailability of botulinum neurotoxin type A. Toxicology 249 (2008) 123-129
    • (2008) Toxicology , vol.249 , pp. 123-129
    • Cheng, L.W.1    Onisco, B.2    Johnson, E.A.3
  • 60
    • 58149252452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin devoid of receptor binding domain translocates active protease
    • e1000245. Epub 2008 Dec 19.
    • Fischer A., Mushrush D.J., Lacy D.B., and Montal M. Botulinum neurotoxin devoid of receptor binding domain translocates active protease. PLoS Pathog 4 (2008) e1000245. Epub 2008 Dec 19.
    • (2008) PLoS Pathog , vol.4
    • Fischer, A.1    Mushrush, D.J.2    Lacy, D.B.3    Montal, M.4
  • 61
    • 65949090949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell entry strategy of clostridial neurotoxins
    • Binz T., and Rummel A. Cell entry strategy of clostridial neurotoxins. J Neurochem 109 (2009) 1584-1595
    • (2009) J Neurochem , vol.109 , pp. 1584-1595
    • Binz, T.1    Rummel, A.2
  • 62
    • 44349178037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic Features of the Botulinum Neurotoxin A Light chain revealed by high resolution structure of an inhibitory peptide complex
    • Silvaggi N.R., Wilson D., Tzipori S., and Allen K.N. Catalytic Features of the Botulinum Neurotoxin A Light chain revealed by high resolution structure of an inhibitory peptide complex. Biochemistry 47 (2008) 5736-5745
    • (2008) Biochemistry , vol.47 , pp. 5736-5745
    • Silvaggi, N.R.1    Wilson, D.2    Tzipori, S.3    Allen, K.N.4
  • 63
    • 23744508421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of botulinum progenitor toxins by mass spectrometry
    • Hines H.B., Lebeda F., Hale M., and Brueggemann E.E. Characterization of botulinum progenitor toxins by mass spectrometry. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 (2005) 4478-4486
    • (2005) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.71 , pp. 4478-4486
    • Hines, H.B.1    Lebeda, F.2    Hale, M.3    Brueggemann, E.E.4
  • 64
    • 0029877553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular composition of Clostridium botulinum type A progenitor toxins
    • Inoue K., Fujinaga Y., Watanabe T., et al. Molecular composition of Clostridium botulinum type A progenitor toxins. Infect Immun 64 (1996) 1589-1594
    • (1996) Infect Immun , vol.64 , pp. 1589-1594
    • Inoue, K.1    Fujinaga, Y.2    Watanabe, T.3
  • 65
    • 38949154627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a recombinant fluorescent substrate with cleavage sites for all botulinum neurotoxins in high-throughput screening of natural product extracts for inhibitors of serotypes A, B, and E
    • Hines H.B., Kim A.D., Stafford R.G., et al. Use of a recombinant fluorescent substrate with cleavage sites for all botulinum neurotoxins in high-throughput screening of natural product extracts for inhibitors of serotypes A, B, and E. Appl Environ Microbiol 74 (2008) 653-659
    • (2008) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.74 , pp. 653-659
    • Hines, H.B.1    Kim, A.D.2    Stafford, R.G.3
  • 66
    • 1942502773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of the endopeptidase activity of purified botulinum neurotoxins A and E by an isolated component of the native neurotoxin associated proteins
    • Sharma S.K., and Singh B.R. Enhancement of the endopeptidase activity of purified botulinum neurotoxins A and E by an isolated component of the native neurotoxin associated proteins. Biochemistry 43 (2004) 4791-4798
    • (2004) Biochemistry , vol.43 , pp. 4791-4798
    • Sharma, S.K.1    Singh, B.R.2
  • 67
    • 34548158547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of the Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin complex: an empirical phase diagram based approach
    • Brandau D.T., Joshi S.B., Smalter A.M., Kim S., Steadman B., and Middaugh C.R. Stability of the Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin complex: an empirical phase diagram based approach. Mol Pharm 4 (2007) 571-582
    • (2007) Mol Pharm , vol.4 , pp. 571-582
    • Brandau, D.T.1    Joshi, S.B.2    Smalter, A.M.3    Kim, S.4    Steadman, B.5    Middaugh, C.R.6
  • 68
    • 64149124275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin: the ugly duckling
    • Koussoulakos S. Botulinum neurotoxin: the ugly duckling. Eur Neurol 61 (2009) 331-342
    • (2009) Eur Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 331-342
    • Koussoulakos, S.1
  • 69
    • 68849102103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique properties of botulinum toxins
    • Jankovic J., Albanese A., and Hallett M. Unique properties of botulinum toxins. Toxicon 54 (2009) 675
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , pp. 675
    • Jankovic, J.1    Albanese, A.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 72
    • 33746306794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in applying the three Rs to the potency testing of botulinum toxin type A
    • Straughan D.W. Progress in applying the three Rs to the potency testing of botulinum toxin type A. Altern Lab Anim 34 (2006) 305-313
    • (2006) Altern Lab Anim , vol.34 , pp. 305-313
    • Straughan, D.W.1
  • 73
    • 71549127207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ipsen Biopharm, Wrexham, UK
    • Dysport [package insert] (2009), Ipsen Biopharm, Wrexham, UK
    • (2009) Dysport [package insert]
  • 75
    • 0037426445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of efficacy and immunogenicity of original versus current botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia
    • Jankovic J., Vuong K.D., and Ahsan J. Comparison of efficacy and immunogenicity of original versus current botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia. Neurology 60 (2003) 1186-1188
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1186-1188
    • Jankovic, J.1    Vuong, K.D.2    Ahsan, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.