Wandering in both mind and body: Individual differences in mind wandering and inattention predict fidgeting

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology

Volumn 67, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 19-31

  Carriere, Jonathan S A ^a   Seli, Paul ^a   Smilek, Daniel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

attentional control; fidgeting; inattention; mind wandering

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CANADA; FEMALE; HUMAN; INDIVIDUALITY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SHORT TERM MEMORY; THINKING; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; ANXIETY; ATTENTION; CANADA; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; MALE; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; MIDDLE AGED; MOVEMENT; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUESTIONNAIRES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; THINKING; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84875131465     PISSN: 11961961     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0031438     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Adler, L. A. (2004). Clinical presentations of adult patients with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 8-11.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.; text rev). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Anderson, M. L. (2003). Embodied cognition: A field guide. Artificial Intelligence, 149, 91-130. doi:10.1016/S0004-3702(03)00054-7
4. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514 .84.4.822 (Pubitemid 38397259)
5. Carriere, J. S. A., Cheyne, J. A., & Smilek, D. (2008). Everyday attention lapses and memory failures: The affective consequences of mindless-ness. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 17, 835-847. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.04.008 (Pubitemid 351978253)
6. Cheyne, J. A., Carriere, J. S. A., & Smilek, D. (2006). Absent-mindedness: Lapses of conscious awareness and everyday cognitive failures. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 15, 578-592. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2005.11.009 (Pubitemid 44128841)
7. Clark, A. (1999). An embodied cognitive science? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 345-351. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01361-3 (Pubitemid 29417566)
8. Cohen, M. R., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2009). Attention improves performance primarily by reducing interneuronal correlations. Nature Neuro-science, 12, 1594-1600. doi:10.1038/nn.2439
9. Craig, W. S. (2011). Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Men's Health, 8, 299-305. doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2011.08.001
10. Derryberry, D., & Reed, M. A. (2002). Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 225-236. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.2.225 (Pubitemid 34441201)
11. Faisal, A. A., Selen, L. P. J., & Wolpert, D. M. (2008). Noise in the nervous system. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 292-303. doi:10.1038/nrn2258 (Pubitemid 351430828)
12. Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Spencer, T., Wilens, T., Seidman, L. J., Mick, E., & Doyle, A. E. (2000). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: An overview. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 9-20. doi:10.1016/S0006- 3223(00)00889-1 (Pubitemid 30407145)
13. Galton, F. (1885). The measure of fidget. Nature, 32, 174-175. doi: 10.1038/032174b0
14. Giambra, L. M. (1989). Task-unrelated-thought frequency as a function of age: A laboratory study. Psychology and Aging, 4, 136-143. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.4.2.136
15. Giambra, L. M. (1995). A laboratory method for investigating influences on switching attention to task-unrelated imagery and thought. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 4, 1-21. doi: 10.1006/ccog.1995.1001
16. Manini, T. M. (2010). Energy expenditure and aging. Ageing Research Reviews, 9, 1-11. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2009.08.002
17. McDonnell, M. D., & Ward, L. M. (2011). The benefits of noise in neural systems: Bridging theory and experiment. Nature Reviews Neurosci-ence, 12, 415-426. doi:10.1038/nrn3061
18. Mehrabian, A., & Friedman, S. L. (1986). An analysis of fidgeting and associated individual differences. Journal of Personality, 54, 406-429. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00402.x
19. Millstein, R. B., Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., & Spencer, T. J. (1997). Presenting ADHD symptoms and subtypes in clinically referred adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 2, 159-166. doi:10.1177/ 108705479700200302 (Pubitemid 127729777)
20. Ribot, T. (1890). The psychology of attention. Chicago, IL: Open Court.
21. Risko, E. F., Anderson, N., Sarwal, A., Engelhardt, M., & Kingstone, A. (2012). Everyday attention: Variation in mind wandering and memory in a lecture. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26, 234-242. doi:10.1002/acp.1814
22. Sechrest, L., & Flores, L., Jr. (1971). The occurrence of a nervous mannerism in two cultures. Asian Studies, 9, 55-63.
23. Seli, P., Cheyne, J. A., & Smilek, D. (2012). Attention failures versus misplaced diligence: Separating attention lapses from speed-accuracy trade-offs. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 21, 277-291. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.09.017
24. Shaw, G. A., & Giambra, L. M. (1993). Task unrelated thoughts of college students diagnosed as hyperactive in childhood. Developmental Neuropsychology, 9, 17-30. doi:10.1080/87565649309540541
25. Smallwood, J., Beach, E., Schooler, J. W., & Handy, T. C. (2008). Going AWOL in the brain: Mind wandering reduces cortical analysis of external events. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 458-469. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20037 (Pubitemid 351317604)
26. Smallwood, J., Fishman, D. J., & Schooler, J. W. (2007). Counting the cost of an absent mind: Mind wandering as an underrecognized influence on educational performance. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 230-236. doi:10.3758/bf03194057
27. Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2006). The restless mind. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 946-958. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.946 (Pubitemid 44665373)
28. Smilek, D., Carriere, J. S. A., & Cheyne, J. A. (2010). Failures of sustained attention in life, lab, and brain: Ecological validity of the SART. Neu-ropsychologia, 48, 2564-2570. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05 .002
29. Smith, N. J., & Narayan, S. (2008, October). Fidgeting is not random: Rhythmic leg motion, speech, and gesture. Paper presented at the Ninth Conference on Conceptual Structure, Discourse, & Language (CSDL9). Abstract retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstract= 1291504
30. Wiesenfeld, K., & Moss, F. (1995). Stochastic resonance and the benefits of noise: From ice ages to crayfish and SQUIDs. Nature, 373, 33-36. doi:10.1038/373033a0
31. Wilson, M. (2002). Six views of embodied cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 625-636. doi:10.3758/BF03196322