A hospital system's wellness program linked to health plan enrollment cut hospitalizations but not overall costs

Health Affairs

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 477-485

  Gowrisankaran, Gautam ^a   Norberg, Karen ^b   Kymes, Steven ^c   Chernew, Michael E ^d   Stwalley, Dustin ^e   Kemper, Leah ^f   Peck, William ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^c WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^e WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EMPLOYER; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH INSURANCE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HOSPITAL PLANNING; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNITED STATES; WELLBEING;

ADULT; CHRONIC DISEASE; COST SAVINGS; DIABETES MELLITUS; ELIGIBILITY DETERMINATION; EMPLOYEE INCENTIVE PLANS; FEMALE; HEALTH BENEFIT PLANS, EMPLOYEE; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS; HEART DISEASES; HOSPITAL COSTS; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MISSOURI; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT; PROGRAM EVALUATION; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84875035627     PISSN: 02782715     EISSN: 15445208     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0090     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA. 2004;291(10):1238-45.
2. Baicker K, Cutler D, Song Z. Workplace wellness programs can generate savings. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29(2):304-11.
3. Birken BE, Linnan LA. Implementation challenges in worksite health promotion programs. N C Med J. 2006;67(6): 438-41.
4. Tu HT, Mayrell RC. Employer wellness initiatives grow, but effectiveness varies widely. Washington (DC): National Institute for Health Care Reform; 2010. (Research Brief).
5. To access the Appendix, click on the Appendix link in the box to the right of the article online
6. James J. Health Policy Brief: workplace wellness programs. Health Affairs [serial on the Internet]. 2011 May 10 [cited 2012 Dec 5]. Available from: http://www.healthaffairs.org/ healthpolicybriefs/brief.php?brief_ id=69
7. Van Eeden SF, Yeung A, Quinlam K, Hogg JC. Systemic response to ambient particulate matter: relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2005; 2(1):61-7.
8. Weiner JP, Starfield BH, Steinwachs DM, Mumford LM. Development and application of a populationoriented measure of ambulatory care case-mix. Med Care. 1991;29(5): 452-72.
9. Sibley LM, Moineddin R, Agha MM, Glazier RH. Risk adjustment using administrative data-based and survey-derived methods for explaining physician utilization. Med Care. 2010;48(2):175-82.
10. Rubin D, Rosenbaum P. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika. 1983;70:41-55.
11. Fisher EB, Green L, Calvert AL, Glasgow RE. Incentives in the modification and cessation of cigarette smoking. Chapter 15 in: Schachtman TR, Reilly S, editors. Associative learning and conditioning theory: human and non-human applications. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 321-44.
12. Cahill K, Moher M, Lancaster T. Workplace interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD003440.
13. Volpp KG, Troxel AB, Pauly MV, Glick HA, Puig A, Asch DA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of financial incentives for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(7): 699-709.
14. Jason LA, Jayaraj S, Blitz CC, Michaels MH, Klett LE. Incentives and competition in a worksite smoking cessation intervention. Am J Public Health. 1990;80(2):205-6.
15. Kahneman D, Knetsch J, Thaler R. Experimental test of the endowment effect and the Coase Theorem. J Polit Econ. 1990;98(6):1325-48.
16. Kahneman D, Tversky A. Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica. 1979;47:263-91.
17. Huang ES, Meigs JB, Singer DE. The effect of interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 2001;111(8):633-42.
18. Brugts JJ, Yetgin T, Hoeks SE, Gotto AM, Shepherd J, Westendorp RG, et al. The benefits of statins in people without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2009;338: b2376.
19. Kelly TN, Bazzano LA, Fonseca VA, Thethi TK, Reynolds K, He J. Systematic review: glucose control and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 2009; 151(6):394-403.
20. Cutler DM, Everett W. Thinking outside the pillbox-medication adherence as a priority for health care reform. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(17): 1553-5.
21. Leigh JP, Richardson N, Beck R, Kerr C, Harrington H, Parcell CL, et al. Randomized controlled study of a retiree health promotion program. The Bank of American Study. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152(6):1201-6.
22. Bjartveit K, Tverdal A. Health consequences of sustained smoking cessation. Tob Control. 2009;18(3): 197-205.
23. Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, et al. Smoking cessation in relation to total mortality rates in women. A prospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(10):992-1000.
24. Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, et al. Smoking cessation and time course of decreased risks of coronary heart disease in middle-aged women. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154(2): 169-75.
25. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Whincup PH, Walker M. Smoking cessation and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men. JAMA. 1995; 274(2):155-60.
26. Troisi RJ, Speizer FE, Rosner B, Trichopoulos D, Willett WC. Cigarette smoking and incidence of chronic bronchitis and asthma in women. Chest. 1995;108(6):1557-61.
27. Iso H, Date C, Yamamoto A, Watanabe Y, Kikuchi S, Koizumi A, et al. Smoking cessation and mortality from cardiovascular disease among Japanese men and women: the JACC Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;161(2):170-9.
28. Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. JAMA. 2003;290(1):86-97.
29. Mohiuddin SM, Mooss AN, Hunter CB, Grollmes TL, Cloutier DA, Hilleman DE. Intensive smoking cessation intervention reduces mortality in high-risk smokers with cardiovascular disease. Chest. 2007;131(2):446-52.
30. Fagard RH, Nilsson PM. Smoking and diabetes-the double health hazard! Prim Care Diabetes. 2009; 3(4):205-9.
31. Cesaroni G, Forastiere F, Agabiti N, Valente P, Zuccaro P, Perucci CA. Effect of the Italian smoking ban on population rates of acute coronary events. Circulation. 2008;117(9): 1183-8.
32. Pell JP, Haw S, Cobbe S, Newby DE, Pell AC, Fischbacher C, et al. Smokefree legislation and hospitalizations for acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(5):482-91.
33. Sargent RP, Shepard RM, Glantz SA. Reduced incidence of admissions for myocardial infarction associated with public smoking ban: before and after study. BMJ. 2004;328(7446): 977-80.
34. Jordan JE, Briggs AM, Brand CA, Osborne RH. Enhancing patient engagement in chronic disease selfmanagement support initiatives in Australia: the need for an integrated approach. Med J Aust. 2008; 189(10 Suppl):S9-13.
35. Fenn J, Rosales C, Logue C. "Sir Insulin Monk versus the evil Diana Betes": a program addressing type 2 diabetes education and prevention in youth. Diabetes Educ. 2007; 33(3):455-6, 458-9.
36. Christakis NA, Fowler JH. The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(4):370-9.
37. Christakis NA, Fowler JH. The collective dynamics of smoking in a large social network. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(21):2249-58.
38. Balamurugan A, Ohsfeldt R, Hughes T, Phillips M. Diabetes self-management education program for Medicaid recipients: a continuous quality improvement process. Diabetes Educ. 2006;32(6): 893-900.
39. Henke RM, Goetzel RZ, McHugh J, Isaac F. Recent experience in health promotion at Johnson & Johnson: lower health spending, strong return on investment. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(3):490-9.
40. Morwitz VG, Fitzsimons GJ. The mere-measurement effect: why does measuring intentions change actual behavior? J Consumer Psychol. 2004;14:64-74.
41. Morwitz VG, Johnson E, Schmittlein D. Does measuring intent change behavior? J Consumer Res. 1993; 20(1):46-61.