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Volumn 54, Issue 15, 2013, Pages 2026-2028

Highly Z-selective synthesis of a,b-unsaturated nitriles using the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction

Author keywords

A,b Unsaturated nitriles; Aldehydes; Stereoselectivity; The HWE reaction; Z Selective

Indexed keywords

ALDEHYDE; ALKENE; ALPHA,BETA UNSATURATED NITRILE; NITRILE; SILICA GEL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84874950856     PISSN: 00404039     EISSN: 18733581     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.020     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (33)
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    • For a computational investigation of the reaction mechanism
    • For a computational investigation of the reaction mechanism, see: Ando, K. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6815-6821.
    • (1999) J. Org. Chem. , vol.64 , pp. 6815-6821
    • Ando, K.1
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    • For reviews:
    • For reviews: (a) Maryanoff, B. E.; Reitz, A. B. Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 863-927.
    • (1989) Chem. Rev. , vol.89 , pp. 863-927
    • Maryanoff, B.1    Reitz, A.2
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    • unpublished results
    • Ando, K. unpublished results.
    • Ando, K.1
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    • 0032546214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 12:1 Selectivity was reported for the reaction with a long chain dialdehyde
    • Zhang, T. Y.; O. Toole, J. C.; Dunigan, J. M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 1461-1464. The 12:1 Selectivity was reported for the reaction with a long chain dialdehyde,
    • (1998) Tetrahedron Lett. , vol.39 , pp. 1461-1464
    • Zhang, T.O.1    Toole, J.2    Dunigan, J.M.3
  • 21
    • 68749089734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For the amide reagents, (o-tBuC6H4O)2P(O)CH2CONR1R2
    • For the amide reagents, (o-tBuC6H4O)2P(O)CH2CONR1R2, see: (a) Ando, K.; Nagaya, S.; Tarumi, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 5689-5691.
    • (2009) Tetrahedron Lett. , vol.50 , pp. 5689-5691
    • Ando, K.1    Nagaya, S.2    Tarumi, Y.3
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    • 77949570358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For the polymersupported reagents
    • For the polymersupported reagents, see: (b) Ando, K.; Suzuki, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2323-2325.
    • (2010) Tetrahedron Lett. , vol.51 , pp. 2323-2325
    • Ando, K.1    Suzuki, Y.2
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    • For the intramolecular HWE reagents
    • For the intramolecular HWE reagents, see: (c) Ando, K.; Narumiya, K.; Takada, H.; Teruya, T. Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 1460-1463.
    • (2010) Org. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 1460-1463
    • Ando, K.1    Narumiya, K.2    Takada, H.3    Teruya, T.4
  • 25
    • 85030497394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The E:Z ratios were determined by integration of the vinyl proton signals in 400 MHz 1H NMR spectra of the crude reaction mixture. All the HWE products described in this Letter except for 5j are known compounds. 1H NMR spectra are identical to the reported values: Z-5a,6a E-5a,13a Z-5b,8a E-5b,13a Z-5c,6a E-5c,13a Z-5d,6a E-5d,13a Z-5e,13b E-5e,13c Z-5f,7a E-5f,7a Z-5g,7a E-5g,13a Z-5h,6a E-5h,6a Z-5k,6a E-5k,6a Z-5l,13d E-5l,13d Z-5m,6a E-5m,6a Z-5n,8a E-5n,8a Z-5o,6a E-5o,6a Z-6,13e E-6.13f The NMR spectrum of 5i was not reported.4 Both 5i and 5j were characterized by 400 MHz 1H NMR spectra, mass spectroscopy, and HRMS
    • The E:Z ratios were determined by integration of the vinyl proton signals in 400 MHz 1H NMR spectra of the crude reaction mixture. All the HWE products described in this Letter except for 5j are known compounds. 1H NMR spectra are identical to the reported values: Z-5a,6a E-5a,13a Z-5b,8a E-5b,13a Z-5c,6a E-5c,13a Z-5d,6a E-5d,13a Z-5e,13b E-5e,13c Z-5f,7a E-5f,7a Z-5g,7a E-5g,13a Z-5h,6a E-5h,6a Z-5k,6a E-5k,6a Z-5l,13d E-5l,13d Z-5m,6a E-5m,6a Z-5n,8a E-5n,8a Z-5o,6a E-5o,6a Z-6,13e E-6.13f The NMR spectrum of 5i was not reported.4 Both 5i and 5j were characterized by 400 MHz 1H NMR spectra, mass spectroscopy, and HRMS.
  • 26
    • 85030493985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Typical Procedure For The Z-selective HWE Reaction (entry 8 In Table 2): A Solution Of 2e (0.30 Mmol) And 18 crown-6 (0.105 g, 0.39 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was treated with t-BuOK (0.045 g, 0.39 mmol) at 0 -C. 15 min later, the mixture was cooled to -78 -C and o-methylbenzaldehyde (0.039 mL, 0.33 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78 -C for 2.5 h. The reaction was quenched with aqueous NH4Cl, and the mixture was extracted with AcOEt twice (7 and 4 mL). The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated. After determining the Z/E ratio (>99:1) of the crude mixture by 400 MHz 1H NMR, the olefin was isolated by flash chromatography (hexane:AcOEt = 20:1) as a colorless oil (0.039 g, 90% yield) (Z/E = >99:1)
    • A typical procedure for the Z-selective HWE reaction (entry 8 in Table 2): A solution of 2e (0.30 mmol) and 18-crown-6 (0.105 g, 0.39 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was treated with t-BuOK (0.045 g, 0.39 mmol) at 0 -C. 15 min later, the mixture was cooled to -78 -C and o-methylbenzaldehyde (0.039 mL, 0.33 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78 -C for 2.5 h. The reaction was quenched with aqueous NH4Cl, and the mixture was extracted with AcOEt twice (7 and 4 mL). The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated. After determining the Z/E ratio (>99:1) of the crude mixture by 400 MHz 1H NMR, the olefin was isolated by flash chromatography (hexane:AcOEt = 20:1) as a colorless oil (0.039 g, 90% yield) (Z/E = >99:1).


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