A case study of processes impacting precipitation phase and intensity during the vancouver 2010 winter olympics

Weather and Forecasting

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 1301-1325

  Thériault, Julie M ^a,d   Rasmussen, Roy ^a   Smith, Trevor ^b   Mo, Ruping ^b   Milbrandt, Jason A ^b   Brugman, Melinda M ^b   Joe, Paul ^b   Isaac, George A ^b   Mailhot, Jocelyn ^b   Denis, Bertrand ^c  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^c Canadian Meteorological Center   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LANDFORMS; RAIN; STORMS; WEATHER FORECASTING;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CASE-STUDIES; COASTAL WEATHER; COMPLEX TERRAINS; CONDITION; OLYMPICS; PRECIPITATION FORECASTING; PRECIPITATION INTENSITY; PRECIPITATION PHASE; RAPID COOLING;

SNOW;

CLIMATE CONDITIONS; COMPLEX TERRAIN; COOLING; FREEZING; PRECIPITATION INTENSITY; SNOW; STORM; SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY; WEATHER FORECASTING; WINTER;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; COAST MOUNTAINS; VANCOUVER; WHISTLER MOUNTAIN;

EID: 84874870899     PISSN: 08828156     EISSN: 15200434     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00114.1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Bélair, S., J. Mailhot, C. Girard, and P. Vaillancourt, 1995: Boundary layer and shallow cumulus clouds in a mediumrange forecast of a large-scale weather system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 1938-1960.
2. Bélair, S., L. P. Crevier, J. Mailhot, B. Bilodeau, and Y. Delage, 2003: Operational implementation of the ISBA land surface scheme in the Canadian regional weather forecast model. Part I: Warm season results. J. Hydrometeor., 4, 352-370.
3. Côté, J., S. Gravel, A. Méthot, A. Patoine, M. Roch, and A. Staniforth, 1998: The operational CMC-MRB Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model. Part I: Design considerations and formulation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1373-1395.
4. Doviak, R., and D. Zrnić, 1993: Doppler Radar and Weather Observations. 2nd ed. Academic Press, 562 pp.
5. Fabry, F., and I. Zawadzki, 1995: Long-term radar observations of the melting layer of precipitation and their interpretation. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 838-851.
6. Findeisen, C., 1940: The formation of the 08C isothermal layer and fractocumulus under nimbostratus. Meteor. Z., 54, 49-54.
7. Gultepe, I., G. A. Isaac, P. Joe, P. A. Kucera, J. M. Thériault, and T. Fisico, 2012: Roundhouse (RND) mountain top research site: Measurements and uncertainties for Alpine weather conditions. Pure Appl. Geophys., in press.
8. Isaac, G. A., and Coauthors, 2012: Science of Nowcasting Olympic Weather for Vancouver 2010 (SNOW-V10): A World Weather Research Programme project. Pure Appl. Geophys., doi:10.1007/s00024-012-0579-0, in press.
9. Joe, P., and Coauthors, 2010: Weather services, science advances, and the Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 31-36.
10. Joe, P., and Coauthors, 2012: The monitoring network of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics. Pure Appl. Geophys., in press.
11. Lin, J., and H. W. Barker, 2005: Radiation algorithm with correlated-k distribution. Part I: Local thermal equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 286-309.
12. Lumb, F. E., 1983a: Sharp snow/rain contrast-An explanation. Weather, 38, 71-73.
13. Lumb, F. E., 1983b: Snow on hills. Weather, 38, 114-115.
14. Lundquist, J. D., P. J. Neiman, B. Martner, A. B. White, D. J. Gottas, and F. M. Ralph, 2008: Rain versus snow in the Sierra Nevada, California: Comparing Doppler profiling radar and surface observations of melting level. J. Hydrometeor., 9, 194-211.
15. Mailhot, J., and Coauthors, 2010: Environment Canada's experimental numerical weather prediction systems for theVancouver 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 1073-1085.
16. Mailhot, J., J. A. Milbrandt, A. Giguère, R. McTaggart-Cowan, A. Erfani, A. Glazar, and M. Vallée, 2012: An experimental high-resolution forecast system during the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. Pure Appl. Geophys., doi:10.1007/ s00024-012-0520-6, in press.
17. Marwitz, J. D., 1987: Deep orographic storms over the Sierra Nevada. Part I: Thermodynamic and kinematic structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 159-173.
18. Medina, S., B. F. Smull, R. A. Houze, Jr., and M. Steiner, 2005: Cross-barrier flow during orographic precipitation events: Results from MAP and IMPROVE. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3580-3598.
19. Milbrandt, J. A., and M. K. Yau, 2005a: A multimoment bulk microphysics parameterization. Part I: Analysis of the role of the spectral shape parameter. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3051-3064.
20. Milbrandt, J. A., and M. K. Yau, 2005b: A multimoment bulk microphysics parameterization. Part II: A proposed three-moment closure and scheme description. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3065-3081.
21. Milbrandt, J. A., M. K. Yau, J. Mailhot, and S. Belair, 2008: Simulation of an orographic precipitation event during IMPROVE-2: Part I: Evaluation of the control run using a triple-moment bulk microphysics scheme. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 3873-3893.
22. Minder, J. R., D. R. Durran, and G. H. Roe, 2011: Mesoscale controls on the mountainside snow line. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2107-2127.
23. Mo, R., and Coauthors, 2012: Mid-mountain clouds at Whistler during the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. Pure Appl. Geophys., doi:10.1007/s00024-012-0540-2, in press.
24. Ralph, F. M., P. J. Neiman, G. A. Wick, and C. S. Velden, 2004: Satellite and CALJET aircraft observations of atmospheric rivers over the eastern North Pacific Ocean during the winter of 1997/98. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1721-1745.
25. Rasmussen, R. M., P. K. Smolarkiewicz, and J. Warner, 1989: On the dynamics of Hawaiian cloud bands: Comparison of model results with observations and island climatology. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1589-1608.
26. Sheppard, B., and P. Joe, 2000: Automated precipitation detection and typing in winter: A two-year study. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 1493-1507.
27. Smolarkiewicz, P. K., R. M. Rasmussen, and T. L. Clark, 1988: On the dynamics of Hawaiian cloud bands: Island forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 18721905.
28. Steiner, M., R. A. H. O. Bousquet, B. F. Smull, and M. Mancini, 2003: Airflow within major Alpine river valleys under heavy rainfall. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 411-431.
29. Stoelinga, M. T., and Coauthors, 2003: Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization through Observational Verification Experiment (IMPROVE). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 1807-1826.
30. Thériault, J. M., and R. E. Stewart, 2010:Aparameterization of the microphysical processes forming many types of winter precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1492-1508.
31. Thériault, J. M., R. M. Rasmussen, K. Ikeda, and S. Landolt, 2012: Dependence of snow gauge collection efficiency on snowflake characteristics. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 51, 745-762.
32. Unterstrasser, S., and G. Zängl, 2006: Cooling by melting precipitation in Alpine valleys: An idealized numerical modelling study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 132, 1489-1508.
33. Wexler, R., R. J. Reed, and J. Honig, 1954: Atmospheric cooling by melting snow. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 35, 48-51.
34. Zängl, G., 2007: Reversed flow in the south-Alpine Toce Valley during MAP-IOP 8: Further analysis of latent cooling effects. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 133, 1717-1729.
35. Zhu, Y., and R. E. Newell, 1998: A proposed algorithm for moisture fluxes from atmospheric rivers. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 725-735.