Improvement of microphysical parameterization through observational verification experiment

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volumn 84, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 1807-1826

  Stoelinga, Mark T ^a   Hobbs, Peter V ^a   Mass, Clifford F ^a   Locatelli, John D ^a   Colle, Brian A ^b   Houze Jr , Robert A ^a   Rangno, Arthur L ^b   Bond, Nicolas A ^a   Smull, Bradley F ^a,c   Rasmussen, Roy M ^d   Thompson, Gregory ^d   Colman, Bradley R ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORY   (United States)

^d NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^e National Biological Service   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; CLOUDS; HYDROMETERS; ICE; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); WEATHER FORECASTING; WIND;

BULK MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERIZATION; OPERATIONAL FORECASTING; REGIONAL MESOSCALE MODELS;

CLIMATOLOGY;

EID: 0242425302     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-84-12-1807     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Baker, M. B., and J. Latham, 1979: The evolution of droplet spectra and the rate of production of embryonic raindrops in small cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1612-1614.
2. Binder, P., and Coauthors, 1996: MAP - Mesoscale Alpine Programme design proposal. MAP Programme Office, 77 pp. [Available from MAP Programme Office c/o Swiss Meteorological Institute, Krähbühlstrasse 58, CH-8044 Zürich Switzerland.]
3. Bond, N. A., and Coauthors, 1977: The Coastal Observation and Simulation with Topography (COAST) experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 1941-1955.
4. Bruintjes, R. T., T. L. Clark, and W. D. Hall, 1994: Interactions between topographic airflow and cloud/precipitation development during the passage of a winter storm in Arizona. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 48-67.
5. Chen, J.-P., and D. Lamb, 1994: Simulation of cloud microphysical and chemical processes using a multicomponent framework. Part I: Description of the microphysical model. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2613-2630.
6. Cober, S. G., G. A. Isaac, and J. W. Strapp, 1995: Aircraft icing measurements in East Coast winter storms. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 88-100.
7. Colle, B. A., and C. F. Mass, 1996: An observational and modeling study of the interaction of low-level south-westerly flow with the Olympic Mountains during COAST IOP 4. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2152-2175.
8. ____, and ____, 2000: The 5-9 February 1996 flooding event over the Pacific Northwest: Sensitivity studies and evaluation of the MM5 precipitation forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 593-617.
9. ____, K. Westrick, and C. F. Mass, 1999: Evaluation of MM5 and Eta-10 precipitation forecasts over the Pacific Northwest during the cool season. Wea. Forecasting, 14, 137-154.
10. ____, C. F. Mass, and K. J. Westrick, 2000: MM5 precipitation veritification over the Pacific Northwest during the 1997-99 cool seasons. Wea. Forecasting, 15, 730-744.
11. Cooper, W. A., 1986: Ice initiation in natural clouds. Precipitation Enhancement- A Scientific Challenge, Meteor. Monogr., No. 43, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 29-32.
12. Cotton, W. R., 1982: Colorado State University three-dimensional cloud/mesoscale model. Part 2: Ice phase parameterization. J. Rech. Atmos., 16, 295-320.
13. ____, and Coauthors, 2003: RAMS 2001: Current status and future directions. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 82, 5-29.
14. Cressman, G., 1959: An operational objective analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 87, 367-374.
15. Doviak, R. J., and D. S. Zrnić, 1993: Doppler Radar and Weather Observations. 2d ed. Academic Press, 562 pp.
16. Drogemeier, K. K., and Coauthors, 2000: Hydrological aspects of weather prediction and flood warnings: Report of the Ninth Propectus Development Team of the U.S. Weather Research Program. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 2665-2680.
17. Farley, R. D., D. L. Hjermstad, and H. D. Orville, 2000: Numerical simulation of a 4-day early spring storm period in the Black Hills. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1299-1317.
18. Feingold, G., R. L. Walko, B. Stevens, and W. R. Cotton, 1998: Simulations of marine stratocumulus using a new microphysical parameterization scheme. Atmos. Res., 47-48, 505-528.
19. Ferrier, B. S., 1994: A double-moment multiple-phase four-class bulk ice scheme. Part I: Description. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 249-280.
20. Fletcher, N. H., 1962: Physics of Rain Clouds. Cambridge University Press, 386 pp.
21. Fritsch, J. M., and Coauthors, 1998: Quantitative precipitation forecasting: Report of the Eighth Prospectus Development Team, U.S. Weather Research Program. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 285-299.
22. Gaudet, B., and W. R. Cotton, 1998: Statistical characteristics of a real-time precipitation forecasting model. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 966-982.
23. Grabowski, W. W., 2001: Coupling cloud processes with the large-scale dynamics using the cloud-resolving convection parameterization (CRCP). J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 978-997.
24. Hallett, J., and S. C. Mossop, 1974: Production of secondary ice crystals during the riming process. Nature, 249, 25-28.
25. Heggli, M. F., L. Vardiman, R.E. Stewart, and A. Huggins, 1983: Supercooled liquid water and ice crystal distributions within Sierra Nevada winter storms. J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 1875-1886.
26. Hobbs, P. V., 1978: Organization and structure of clouds and precipitation on the mesoscale and microscale in cyclonic storms. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 16, 741-755.
27. ____, and A. L. Rangno, 1985: Ice particle concentrations in clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2523-2549.
28. ____, and ____, 1990: Rapid development of high ice particle concentrations in small polar maritime cumuliform clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2710-2722.
29. ____, L. F. Radke, A. B. Fraser, and R. R. Weiss, The Cascade Project: A study of winter cyclonic storms in the Pacific Northwest. Proc. Int. Conf. on Weather Modification, Canberra, Australia.
30. ____, S. Chang, and J. D. Locatelli, 1974: The dimensions and aggregation of ice crystals in natural clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2199-2206.
31. ____, T. J. Matejka, P. H. Herzegh, J. D. Locatelli, and R. A. Houze Jr., 1980: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones. I: A case study of a cold front. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 568-596.
32. Hogg, D. C., F. O. Guiraud, J. B. Snider, M. T. Decker, and E. R. Westwater, 1983: A steerable dual-channel microwave radiometer for measurement of water vapor and liquid in the troposphere. J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 789-806.
33. Houze, R. A., Jr., S. A. Rutledge, T. J. Matejka, and P. V. Hobbs, 1981: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation growth in a warm-frontal rainband. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 639-649.
34. Kessler, E., 1969: On the Distribution and Continuity of Water Substance in Atmospheric Circulations. Meteor. Monogr., No. 32, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84 pp.
35. Khairoutdinov, M., and Y. Kogan, 2000: A new cloud physics parameterization in a large-eddy simulation mode of marine stratocumulus. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 229-243.
36. ____, and D. A. Randall, 2001: A cloud-resolving model as a cloud parameterization in the NCAR Community Climate System model: Preliminary results. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3617-3620.
37. Khvorostyanov, V. I., and J. A. Curry, 2002: Terminal velocities of droplets and crystals: Power laws with continuous parameters over the size spectrum. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1872-1884.
38. Lawson, R. P., and T. L. Jensen, 1998: Improved microphysical observations in mixed phase clouds. Preprints, Conf. on Cloud Physics, Everett, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 451-454.
39. ____, R. E. Stewart, J. W. Strapp, and G. A. Isaac, 1993: Aircraft observations of the origin and growth of very large snowflakes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 53-56.
40. ____, ____, and L. J. Angus, 1998: Observations and numerical simulations of the origin and development of very large snowflakes. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3209-3229.
41. Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
42. Locatelli, J. D., and P. V. Hobbs, 1974: Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2185-2197.
43. Manning, K. W., and C. A. Davis, 1997: Verification and sensitivity experiments for the WISP94 MM5 forecasts. Wea. Forecasting, 12, 719-735.
44. Manton, M. J., and W. R. Cotton, 1977: Parameterization of the atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 331-334.
45. Mass, C.F., D. Ovens, K. Westrick, and B. A. Colle, 2002: Does increasing horizontal resolution produce more skillful forecasts? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 407-430.
46. Meyers, M. P., P. J. DeMott, and W. R. Cotton, 1992: New primary ice-nucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 708-721.
47. ____, R. L. Walko, J. Y. Harrington, and W. R. Cotton, 1997: New RAMS cloud microphysics parameterization. Part II: The two-moment scheme. Atmos. Res. 45, 3-39.
48. Mitchell, D. L., 1996: Use of mass-and area-dimensional power laws for determining precipitation particle terminal velocities. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1710-1723.
49. Mossop, S. C., 1985: The microphysical properties of supercooled cumulus clouds in which an ice particle multiplication process operated. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 183-198.
50. Olson, D. A., N. W. Junker, and B. Korty, 1995: Evaluation of 33 years of quantitative precipitation forecasting at the NMC. Wea. Forecasting, 10, 498-511.
51. Rangno, A. L., and P. V. Hobbs, 1991: Ice particle concentrations and precipitation development in small polar maritime cumuliform clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 117, 207-241.
52. ____, and ____, 1994: Ice particle concentrations and precipitation development in small continental cumuliform clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 573-601.
53. Rasmussen, R., and Coauthors, 1992: Winter Icing and Storms Project (WISP). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 951-974.
54. ____, J. Vivekanandan, J. Cole, B. Myers, and C. Masters, 1999: The estimation of snowfall rate using visibility. J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 1542-1563.
55. ____, I. Geresdi, G. Thompson, K. Manning, and E. Karplus, 2002: Freezing drizzle formation in stably stratified layer clouds: The role of radiative cooling of cloud dropets, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice initiation. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 837-860.
56. Reinking, R. F., J. B. Snider, and J. L. Coen, 2000: Influences of storm-embedded orographic gravity waves on cloud liquid water and precipitation. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 733-759.
57. Reisner, J., R. M. Rasmussen, and R. T. Bruintjes, 1998: Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water in winter storms using the MM5 mesoscale models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1071-1107.
58. Reynolds, D. W., and A. S. Dennis, 1986: Review of the Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 513-523.
59. Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1983: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones. VIII. A model for the "seeder-feeder" process in warm-frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1185-1206.
60. ____, and ____, 1984: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones. XII: A diagnostic modeling study of precipitation development in narrow cold-frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2949-2972.
61. Straka, J. M., and E. N. Rasmussen, 1997: Toward improving microphysical parameterizations of conversion processes. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 896-902.
62. Telford, J. W., 1988: An example of the behavior of an aircraft with accumulated ice: Latent instability. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 1093-1108.
63. ____, and P. B. Wagner, 1981: Observations of condensation growth determined by entity type mixing. Pure Appl. Geophys., 119, 934-965.
64. Vivekanandan, J., D. S. Zrni, S. M. Ellis, R. Oye, A. V. Ryzhkov, and J. Straka, 1999: Cloud microphysics retrieval using S-band dual-polarization radar measurements. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 381-388.
65. Westrick, K. J., and C. F. Mass, 2001: An evaluation of a high-resolution hydrometeorological modeling system for prediction of a cool-season flood event in a coastal mountainous watershed. J. Hydrometeor., 2, 161-180.
66. White, A. B., J. R. Jordan, B. E. Martner, F. M. Ralph, and B. W. Bartram, 2000: Extending the dynamic range of an S-band radar for cloud and precipitation studies. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 1226-1234.
67. Wurman, J., 1994: Vector winds from a single-transmitter bistatic dual-Doppler radar network. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 983-994.
68. ____, S. Heckman, and D. Boccippio, 1993: A bistatic multiple-Doppler network. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 1802-1814.
69. Zikmunda, J., and G. Vali, 1972: Fall patterns and fall velocities of rimed ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1334-1347.