메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 131, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 572-580

The culture of dysthanasia: Attempting CPR in terminally III children

Author keywords

Advance directives; Assent; Bioethics; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Clinical ethics; Comfort care; Do not attempt resuscitation orders; Do not resuscitate orders; End of life care; Ethics; Forgoing treatment; Informed consent; Medical decision making; Medical futility; Palliative care; Parent child relationship; Terminal care; Withholding treatment

Indexed keywords

ADAMS OLIVER SYNDROME; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; CASE REPORT; CHILD PARENT RELATION; DYSTHANASIA; FAILURE TO THRIVE; FIBROSARCOMA; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INFANT; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LUNG HEMORRHAGE; MALE; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; RESUSCITATION; TERMINAL CARE; TERMINAL DISEASE;

EID: 84874624748     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-0393     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 84857878366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time to revise the approach to determining cardiopulmonary resuscitation status
    • Blinderman CD, Krakauer EL, Solomon MZ. Time to revise the approach to determining cardiopulmonary resuscitation status. JAMA. 2012;307(9):917-918
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , Issue.9 , pp. 917-918
    • Blinderman, C.D.1    Krakauer, E.L.2    Solomon, M.Z.3
  • 3
    • 84860486222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freedom from the tyranny of choice-teaching the end-of-life conversation
    • Lamas D, Rosenbaum L. Freedom from the tyranny of choice-teaching the end-of-life conversation. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(18): 1655-1657
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , Issue.18 , pp. 1655-1657
    • Lamas, D.1    Rosenbaum, L.2
  • 4
    • 0026605010 scopus 로고
    • Ethics and the provision of futile, harmful, or burdensome treatment to children
    • Nelson LJ, Nelson RM. Ethics and the provision of futile, harmful, or burdensome treatment to children. Crit Care Med. 1992;20(3):427-433
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 427-433
    • Nelson, L.J.1    Nelson, R.M.2
  • 5
    • 78649651494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does compassion for a family justify providing futile CPR?
    • Paris JJ, Angelos P, Schreiber MD. Does compassion for a family justify providing futile CPR? J Perinatol. 2010;30(12):770-772
    • (2010) J Perinatol , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. 770-772
    • Paris, J.J.1    Angelos, P.2    Schreiber, M.D.3
  • 6
    • 27744603757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysthanasia: The (il)legitimacy of artificially posponed death
    • Sorta-Bilajac I, Pessini L, Dobrila-Dintinjana R, Hozo I. Dysthanasia: the (il)legitimacy of artificially posponed death. Med Arh. 2005;59(3):199-202
    • (2005) Med Arh , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 199-202
    • Sorta-Bilajac, I.1    Pessini, L.2    Dobrila-Dintinjana, R.3    Hozo, I.4
  • 7
    • 76649126250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it always wrong to perform futile CPR?
    • Truog RD. Is it always wrong to perform futile CPR? N Engl J Med. 2010;362(6):477-479
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , Issue.6 , pp. 477-479
    • Truog, R.D.1
  • 8
    • 35448937221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point: The ethics of unilateral "do not resuscitate" orders: The role of "informed assent"
    • discussion 755-756
    • Curtis JR, Burt RA. Point: the ethics of unilateral "do not resuscitate" orders: the role of "informed assent". Chest. 2007;132 (3):748-751, discussion 755-756
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , Issue.3 , pp. 748-751
    • Curtis, J.R.1    Burt, R.A.2
  • 9
    • 84856013843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informed non-dissent: A better option than slow codes when families cannot bear to say "let her die"
    • Kon AA. Informed non-dissent: a better option than slow codes when families cannot bear to say "let her die". Am J Bioeth. 2011;11(11):22-23
    • (2011) Am J Bioeth , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 22-23
    • Kon, A.A.1
  • 10
    • 38349077207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informed nondissent rather than informed assent
    • author reply 321
    • Kon AA. Informed nondissent rather than informed assent. Chest. 2008;133(1):320-321, author reply 321
    • (2008) Chest , vol.133 , Issue.1 , pp. 320-321
    • Kon, A.A.1
  • 11
    • 79958220296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Only one thing you can do when they're "all dead."
    • Campbell ML. Only one thing you can do when they're "all dead." J Palliat Med. 2011;14(6):678
    • (2011) J Palliat Med , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 678
    • Campbell, M.L.1
  • 12
    • 35148889060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collaborative communication in pediatric palliative care: A foundation for problem-solving and decision-making
    • Feudtner C. Collaborative communication in pediatric palliative care: a foundation for problem-solving and decision-making. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007;54(5):583-607
    • (2007) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 583-607
    • Feudtner, C.1
  • 14
    • 69749121197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussing treatment preferences with patients who want "everything"
    • Quill TE, Arnold R, Back AL. Discussing treatment preferences with patients who want "everything". Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(5):345-349
    • (2009) Ann Intern Med , vol.151 , Issue.5 , pp. 345-349
    • Quill, T.E.1    Arnold, R.2    Back, A.L.3
  • 15
    • 84860438811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence, preferences, recommendations-finding the right balance in patient care
    • Quill TE, Holloway RG. Evidence, preferences, recommendations-finding the right balance in patient care. N Engl J Med. 2012;366 (18):1653-1655
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , Issue.18 , pp. 1653-1655
    • Quill, T.E.1    Holloway, R.G.2
  • 16
    • 79955365935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do-not-resuscitate orders in evolution: Matching medical interventions with patient goals
    • Truog RD. Do-not-resuscitate orders in evolution: matching medical interventions with patient goals. Crit Care Med. 2011;39 (5):1213-1214
    • (2011) Crit Care Med , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 1213-1214
    • Truog, R.D.1
  • 17
    • 0037086013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can health care costs be reduced by limiting intensive care at the end of life?
    • Luce JM, Rubenfeld GD. Can health care costs be reduced by limiting intensive care at the end of life? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165(6):750-754
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , Issue.6 , pp. 750-754
    • Luce, J.M.1    Rubenfeld, G.D.2
  • 18
    • 0016396004 scopus 로고
    • Standards for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiac care (ECC). V. Medicolegal considerations and recommendations
    • American Heart Association
    • American Heart Association. Standards for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiac care (ECC). V. Medicolegal considerations and recommendations. JAMA. 1974;227(7):864-868
    • (1974) JAMA , vol.227 , Issue.7 , pp. 864-868
  • 21
    • 70049091323 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrest in 20 infants and children: Causes and results of resuscitation
    • Greenberg HB. Cardiac arrest in 20 infants and children: causes and results of resuscitation. Dis Chest. 1965;47:42-46
    • (1965) Dis Chest , vol.47 , pp. 42-46
    • Greenberg, H.B.1
  • 22
    • 0014630510 scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pediatric patient
    • Pilapil VR. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pediatric patient. Mil Med. 1969;134 (13):1510-1515
    • (1969) Mil Med , vol.134 , Issue.13 , pp. 1510-1515
    • Pilapil, V.R.1
  • 23
    • 84965265029 scopus 로고
    • Not allowed to die
    • Symmers WS Sr. Not allowed to die. BMJ. 1968;1(5589):442
    • (1968) BMJ , vol.1 , Issue.5589 , pp. 442
    • Symmers Sr., W.S.1
  • 25
    • 77957718336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethics rounds. Symbolic resuscitation, medical futility, and parental rights
    • Frader J, Kodish E, Lantos JD. Ethics rounds. Symbolic resuscitation, medical futility, and parental rights. Pediatrics. 2010;126(4):769-772
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.126 , Issue.4 , pp. 769-772
    • Frader, J.1    Kodish, E.2    Lantos, J.D.3
  • 26
    • 85039787807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murky path in deciding on care at the end
    • February 22
    • Kolata G. Murky path in deciding on care at the end. New York Times. February 22, 2010:D5
    • (2010) New York Times
    • Kolata, G.1
  • 27
    • 84856004533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The resuscitation of "slow codes": Fraud, lies, and deception
    • Paris JJ, Moore MP. The resuscitation of "slow codes": fraud, lies, and deception. Am J Bioeth. 2011;11(11):13-14
    • (2011) Am J Bioeth , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 13-14
    • Paris, J.J.1    Moore, M.P.2
  • 28
    • 33645022811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the quality of end-of-life care in the pediatric intensive care unit: Parents' priorities and recommendations
    • Meyer EC, Ritholz MD, Burns JP, Truog RD. Improving the quality of end-of-life care in the pediatric intensive care unit: parents' priorities and recommendations. Pediatrics. 2006;117(3):649-657
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117 , Issue.3 , pp. 649-657
    • Meyer, E.C.1    Ritholz, M.D.2    Burns, J.P.3    Truog, R.D.4
  • 29
    • 37549007907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Futility: A concept in evolution
    • Burns JP, Truog RD. Futility: a concept in evolution. Chest. 2007;132(6):1987-1993
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , Issue.6 , pp. 1987-1993
    • Burns, J.P.1    Truog, R.D.2
  • 30
    • 0345168152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do-not-resuscitate orders and medical futility
    • Veterans Health Administration National Ethics Committee
    • Cantor MD, Braddock CH III, Derse AR, et al; Veterans Health Administration National Ethics Committee. Do-not-resuscitate orders and medical futility. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2689-2694
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , Issue.22 , pp. 2689-2694
    • Cantor, M.D.1    Braddock III, C.H.2    Derse, A.R.3
  • 31
    • 0034706897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of the futility movement
    • Comment GE. The rise and fall of the futility movement. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(21): 1575-1577
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , Issue.21 , pp. 1575-1577
    • Comment, G.E.1
  • 33
    • 84874595787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical futility
    • 3rd ed. New York: Thomson Gale
    • Post SG, ed. Medical futility. In: Encyclopedia of Bioethics. 3rd ed. New York: Thomson Gale; 2004:1720
    • (2004) Encyclopedia of Bioethics , pp. 1720
    • Post, S.G.1
  • 34
    • 33947105968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninitiation or withdrawal of intensive care for high-risk newborns
    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn
    • Bell EF; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Noninitiation or withdrawal of intensive care for high-risk newborns. Pediatrics. 2007;119(2):401-403
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119 , Issue.2 , pp. 401-403
    • Bell, E.F.1
  • 35
    • 0023795052 scopus 로고
    • Who defines futility?
    • Youngner SJ. Who defines futility? JAMA. 1988;260(14):2094-2095
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.260 , Issue.14 , pp. 2094-2095
    • Youngner, S.J.1
  • 36
    • 0025125188 scopus 로고
    • Futility and the ethics of resuscitation
    • Tomlinson T, Brody H. Futility and the ethics of resuscitation. JAMA. 1990;264(10):1276-1280
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , Issue.10 , pp. 1276-1280
    • Tomlinson, T.1    Brody, H.2
  • 37
    • 0027113809 scopus 로고
    • In re, 418 S.E.2d 3, 7 (Ga.)
    • In re Jane Doe, 418 S.E.2d 3, 7 (Ga. 1992)
    • (1992)
    • Doe, J.1
  • 38
    • 84874632682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 735 448, 460 (D.C.)
    • In re K.I., 735 A.2d 448, 460 (D.C. 1999)
    • (1999) A.2d
    • Inre, K.I.1
  • 39
    • 85039775529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In re, 903 A.2d 333, 337 (Me.)
    • In re Matthew W., 903 A.2d 333, 337 (Me. 2006)
    • (2006)
    • Matthew, W.1
  • 40
    • 0038486812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dying in the intensive care unit: Collaborative multicenter study about forgoing lifesustaining treatment in Argentine pediatric intensive care units
    • Althabe M, Cardigni G, Vassallo JC, et al. Dying in the intensive care unit: collaborative multicenter study about forgoing lifesustaining treatment in Argentine pediatric intensive care units. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2003;4(2):164-169
    • (2003) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 164-169
    • Althabe, M.1    Cardigni, G.2    Vassallo, J.C.3
  • 41
    • 0034102361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do not resuscitate orders in schools
    • Committee on School Health and Committee on Bioethics. American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Committee on School Health and Committee on Bioethics. American Academy of Pediatrics. Do not resuscitate orders in schools. Pediatrics. 2000;105(4 pt 1):878-879
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.105 , Issue.4 PART. 1 , pp. 878-879
  • 42
    • 0028091103 scopus 로고
    • American academy of pediatrics committee on bioethics: Guidelines on foregoing life-sustaining medical treatment
    • American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Bioethics
    • American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Bioethics. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Bioethics: guidelines on foregoing life-sustaining medical treatment. Pediatrics. 1994;93(3):532-536
    • (1994) Pediatrics , vol.93 , Issue.3 , pp. 532-536
  • 43
    • 0029976508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethics and the care of critically ill infants and children
    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Bioethics
    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Bioethics. Ethics and the care of critically ill infants and children. Pediatrics. 1996;98(1):149-152
    • (1996) Pediatrics , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-152
  • 44
    • 58849110245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race does not influence do-not-resuscitate status or the number or timing of end-of-life care discussions at a pediatric oncology referral center
    • Baker JN, Rai S, Liu W, et al. Race does not influence do-not-resuscitate status or the number or timing of end-of-life care discussions at a pediatric oncology referral center. J Palliat Med. 2009;12(1):71-76
    • (2009) J Palliat Med , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-76
    • Baker, J.N.1    Rai, S.2    Liu, W.3
  • 45
    • 84874600083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advance directives and DNR orders
    • In: Diekema D, Mercurio M, Adam M, eds. Boston, MA: Cambridge University Press
    • Burns J, Mitchell C. Advance directives and DNR orders. In: Diekema D, Mercurio M, Adam M, eds. Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: A Case-Based Textbook. Boston, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2011:112-117
    • (2011) Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: A Case-Based Textbook , pp. 112-117
    • Burns, J.1    Mitchell, C.2
  • 46
    • 0036204271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do not resuscitate orders and ethical decisions in a neonatal intensive care unit in a Muslim community
    • da Costa DE, Ghazal H, Al Khusaiby S. Do not resuscitate orders and ethical decisions in a neonatal intensive care unit in a Muslim community. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002;86(2):F115-F119
    • (2002) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed , vol.86 , Issue.2
    • Da Costa, D.E.1    Ghazal, H.2    Al Khusaiby, S.3
  • 47
    • 19244386956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circumstances surrounding end of life in a pediatric intensive care unit
    • Garros D, Rosychuk RJ, Cox PN. Circumstances surrounding end of life in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatrics. 2003;112(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/112/5/e371
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , Issue.5
    • Garros, D.1    Rosychuk, R.J.2    Cox, P.N.3
  • 48
    • 34147214785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do-notresuscitate orders in patients with cancer at a children's hospital in Taiwan
    • Jaing T-H, Tsay P-K, Fang E-C, et al. "Do-notresuscitate" orders in patients with cancer at a children's hospital in Taiwan. J Med Ethics. 2007;33(4):194-196
    • (2007) J Med Ethics , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 194-196
    • Jaing, T.-H.1    Tsay, P.-K.2    Fang, E.-C.3
  • 49
    • 0027472899 scopus 로고
    • Do-notresuscitate orders in a children's hospital
    • Lantos JD, Berger AC, Zucker AR. Do-notresuscitate orders in a children's hospital. Crit Care Med. 1993;21(1):52-55
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-55
    • Lantos, J.D.1    Berger, A.C.2    Zucker, A.R.3
  • 51
    • 0026551595 scopus 로고
    • Resuscitation and withdrawal of therapy in pediatric intensive care
    • Mink RB, Pollack MM. Resuscitation and withdrawal of therapy in pediatric intensive care. Pediatrics. 1992;89(5):961-963
    • (1992) Pediatrics , vol.89 , Issue.5 , pp. 961-963
    • Mink, R.B.1    Pollack, M.M.2
  • 52
    • 47349107623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal and limitation of lifesustaining treatments in a paediatric intensive care unit and review of the literature
    • Moore P, Kerridge I, Gillis J, Jacobe S, Isaacs D. Withdrawal and limitation of lifesustaining treatments in a paediatric intensive care unit and review of the literature. J Paediatr Child Health. 2008;44(7-8):404-408
    • (2008) J Paediatr Child Health , vol.44 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 404-408
    • Moore, P.1    Kerridge, I.2    Gillis, J.3    Jacobe, S.4    Isaacs, D.5
  • 53
    • 5044230559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do not resuscitate orders among children with solid tumors at the end of life
    • Postovsky S, Levenzon A, Ofir R, et al. 'Do Not Resuscitate' orders among children with solid tumors at the end of life. Ped Hematology and Oncology. 2004;21:661-668
    • (2004) Ped Hematology and Oncology , vol.21 , pp. 661-668
    • Postovsky, S.1    Levenzon, A.2    Ofir, R.3
  • 55
    • 29944442726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First documented rhythm and clinical outcome from inhospital cardiac arrest among children and adults
    • National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Investigators
    • Nadkarni VM, Larkin GL, Peberdy MA, et al; National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Investigators. First documented rhythm and clinical outcome from inhospital cardiac arrest among children and adults. JAMA. 2006;295(1):50-57
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-57
    • Nadkarni, V.M.1    Larkin, G.L.2    Peberdy, M.A.3
  • 56
    • 67649797965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-hospital versus out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest: A multicenter cohort study
    • Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network
    • Moler FW, Meert K, Donaldson AE, et al; Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. In-hospital versus out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest: a multicenter cohort study. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(7):2259-2267
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 2259-2267
    • Moler, F.W.1    Meert, K.2    Donaldson, A.E.3
  • 57
    • 58149149359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Advances in science, techniques, and outcomes
    • Topjian AA, Berg RA, Nadkarni VM. Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: advances in science, techniques, and outcomes. Pediatrics. 2008;122(5):1086-1098
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , Issue.5 , pp. 1086-1098
    • Topjian, A.A.1    Berg, R.A.2    Nadkarni, V.M.3
  • 58
    • 3042714224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, population-based study of the epidemiology and outcome of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest
    • Young KD, Gausche-Hill M, McClung CD, Lewis RJ. A prospective, population-based study of the epidemiology and outcome of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest. Pediatrics. 2004;114(1):157-164
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 157-164
    • Young, K.D.1    Gausche-Hill, M.2    McClung, C.D.3    Lewis, R.J.4
  • 59
    • 0347512082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • End-oflife decision-making and satisfaction with care: Parental perspectives
    • Meert KL, Thurston CS, Sarnaik AP. End-oflife decision-making and satisfaction with care: parental perspectives. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2000;1(2):179-185
    • (2000) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-185
    • Meert, K.L.1    Thurston, C.S.2    Sarnaik, A.P.3
  • 61
    • 24944573171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What influences parents' decisions to limit or withdraw life support?
    • Sharman M, Meert KL, Sarnaik AP. What influences parents' decisions to limit or withdraw life support? Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005;6(5):513-518
    • (2005) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 513-518
    • Sharman, M.1    Meert, K.L.2    Sarnaik, A.P.3
  • 62
  • 63
    • 84855994081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The false dichotomy: Do "everything" or give up
    • Clark JD, Dudzinski DM. The false dichotomy: do "everything" or give up. Am J Bioeth. 2011;11(11):26-27
    • (2011) Am J Bioeth , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 26-27
    • Clark, J.D.1    Dudzinski, D.M.2
  • 64
    • 0023652135 scopus 로고
    • Must we always use CPR?
    • Blackhall LJ. Must we always use CPR? N Engl J Med. 1987;317(20):1281- 1285
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , Issue.20 , pp. 1281-1285
    • Blackhall, L.J.1
  • 65
    • 55549093433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In their own time: The family experience during the process of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy
    • Wiegand D. In their own time: the family experience during the process of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy. J Palliat Med. 2008;11(8):1115-1121
    • (2008) J Palliat Med , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 1115-1121
    • Wiegand, D.1
  • 66
    • 0036157109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental perspectives on end-of-life care in the pediatric intensive care unit
    • Meyer EC, Burns JP, Griffith JL, Truog RD. Parental perspectives on end-of-life care in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2002;30(1):226-231
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 226-231
    • Meyer, E.C.1    Burns, J.P.2    Griffith, J.L.3    Truog, R.D.4
  • 67
    • 0036836018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What child is this?
    • Nelson HL. What child is this? Hastings Cent Rep. 2002;32(6):29-38
    • (2002) Hastings Cent Rep , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 29-38
    • Nelson, H.L.1
  • 68
    • 33750290184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward interventions to improve end-of-life care in the pediatric intensive care unit
    • Truog RD, Meyer EC, Burns JP. Toward interventions to improve end-of-life care in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(11 suppl):S373-S379
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , Issue.11 SUPPL.
    • Truog, R.D.1    Meyer, E.C.2    Burns, J.P.3
  • 70
    • 0025339091 scopus 로고
    • Medical futility: Its meaning and ethical implications
    • Schneiderman LJ, Jecker NS, Jonsen AR. Medical futility: its meaning and ethical implications. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112(12): 949-954
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , Issue.12 , pp. 949-954
    • Schneiderman, L.J.1    Jecker, N.S.2    Jonsen, A.R.3
  • 71
    • 7244254356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental refusals of medical treatment: The harm principle as threshold for state intervention
    • Diekema DS. Parental refusals of medical treatment: the harm principle as threshold for state intervention. Theor Med Bioeth. 2004;25(4):243-264
    • (2004) Theor Med Bioeth , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 243-264
    • Diekema, D.S.1
  • 72
    • 0041348964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes and preferences of intensivists regarding the role of family interests in medical decision making for incompetent patients
    • Hardart GE, Truog RD. Attitudes and preferences of intensivists regarding the role of family interests in medical decision making for incompetent patients. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(7):1895-1900
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , Issue.7 , pp. 1895-1900
    • Hardart, G.E.1    Truog, R.D.2
  • 73
    • 33644668171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dialogue, death, and life choices: A parent's perspective
    • Glyn-Pickett J. Dialogue, death, and life choices: a parent's perspective. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90(12):1314-1315
    • (2005) Arch Dis Child , vol.90 , Issue.12 , pp. 1314-1315
    • Glyn-Pickett, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.