Chinese outbound tourists' perceived constraints to visiting the United States

Tourism Management

Volumn 37, Issue , 2013, Pages 136-146

  Lai, Chengting ^a   Li, Xiang ^a   Harrill, Rich ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Association network; Chinese outbound travel; Leisure Constraints Model; Travel constraint

Indexed keywords

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK; TOURISM MANAGEMENT; TOURIST ATTRACTION; TOURIST BEHAVIOR; TOURIST DESTINATION;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84874545704     PISSN: None     EISSN: 02615177     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.01.014     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Arlt W.G. China's outbound tourism 2006, Routledge.
2. Bull A. Obama orders streamlining of foreign tourist visas 2012, Retrieved 07.02.12, from. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/19/us-obama-tourism-idUSTRE80I1X720120119.
3. Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC) Consumer research in China 2007, Canadian Tourism Organization, Ottawa, Canada, Retrieved from. http://www.corporate.canada.travel/docs/research_and_statistics/market_knowledge/AsiaPacific/Final_Consumer_V2_2007.pdf.
4. Carroll B., Alexandris K. Perceptions of constraints and strength of motivation relationship to recreational sport participation in Greece. Journal of Leisure Research 1997, 29(3):279-299.
5. Chick G., Dong E. Possibility of refining the hierarchical model of leisure constraints through cross-cultural research. Northeaster recreation research symposium, Newtown Square, PA. Conference 2003.
6. Chick G., Dong E. Culture constraints on leisure. Constraints to leisure 2005, 169-183. Venture Publishing, State College, Pennsylvania. E.L. Jackson (Ed.).
7. Crawford D.W., Godbey G. Reconceptualizing barriers to family leisure. Leisure Sciences 1987, 9:119-127.
8. Crawford D.W., Jackson E.L., Godbey G. A hierarchical model of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences 1991, 13(4):309-320.
9. Department of Tourism (DOT) Visitor arrivals to the Philippines by country of residence January-December 2008 2009, Retrieved from. http://www.wowphilippines.com.ph/dot/downloads.asp%3ffile%3ddec2008.xls.
10. Dong E., Chick G.E. Leisure constraints in six Chinese cities. Leisure Sciences 2012, 34:1-19.
11. Fazio R., Powell M., Willams C. The role of attitude accessibility in the attitude-to-behavior process. Journal of Consumer Research 1989, 16(3):280-288.
12. Fleischer A., Pizam A. Tourism constraints among Israeli seniors. Annals of Tourism Research 2002, 29(1):106-123.
13. Fredman P., Heberlein T.A. Visits to the Swedish mountains: constraints and motivations. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 2005, 5(3):177-192.
14. Gilbert D., Hudson S. Tourism demand constraints - a skiing participation. Annals of Tourism Research 2000, 27(4):906-925.
15. Godbey G., Crawford D.W., Shen X.S. Assessing hierarchical leisure constraints theory after two decades. Journal of Leisure Research 2010, 42(1):111-134.
16. Goodale T.L., Witt P.A. Recreation nonparticipation and barriers to leisure. Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past, charting the future 1990, 421-449. Venture, State College, PA. E.L. Jackson, T.L. Burton (Eds.).
17. He M., Yang A. Chinese outbound trips quintupled in ten years with more attention on quality 2012, Retrieved 12.01.13 from. http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2012/10-07/4228629.shtml.
18. Hofstede G. Culture's consequences. Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations 2001, McGraw Hill, New York. 2nd ed.
19. Hsu C.H.C., Lam T. Mainland Chinese travelers' motivations and barriers of visiting Hong Kong. Journal of Academy of Business and Economics 2003, 2(1):60-67.
20. Huang, S. (2007). The effects of motivation, past experience, perceived constraint, and attitude on tourist revisit intention. School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Doctoral dissertation.
21. Huang S., Hsu C.H.C. Mainland Chinese residents' perceptions and motivations of visiting Hong Kong: evidence from focus group interviews. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 2005, 10(2):191-205.
22. Hubbard J., Mannell R.C. Testing competing models of the leisure constraint negotiation process in a corporate employee recreation setting. Leisure Sciences 2001, 23(3):145-163.
23. Hudson S. The segmentation of potential tourists: constraint differences between men and women. Journal of Travel Research 2000, 38(4):363-368.
24. Hudson S., Gilbert D. Tourism constraints: the neglected dimension of consumer behaviour research. Consumer psychology of tourism, hospitality and leisure 2000, CABI. A.G. Woodside (Ed.).
25. Iso-Ahola S.E., Mannell R.C. Social and psychological constraints on leisure. Constraints on leisure 1985, 111-151. C.C. Thomas, Springfield, IL. M.G. Wade (Ed.).
26. Iwasaki Y., Nishino H., Onda T., Bowling C. Leisure research in a global world: time to reverse the western domination in leisure research?. Leisure Sciences 2007, 29(1):113-117.
27. Jackson E.L. Leisure constraints research: overview of a developing theme in leisure studies. Constraints to leisure 2005, Venture Publishing, College Station, PA. E.L. Jackson (Ed.).
28. Jackson E.L., Scott D. Constraints to leisure. Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty-first century 1999, 167-175. Venture Publishing, State College, PA. E.L. Jackson, T.L. Burton (Eds.).
29. Jiao, F. (2003). A motivational analysis of Chinese tourists to the United States: push and pull motivations of travel to Las Vegas. Las Vegas: William F. Harrah College of Hotel Administration, University of Nevada. Master's Thesis.
30. Kassarjian H.H. Content analysis in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research 1977, 4(1):8-18.
31. Lau M. An analysis of the travel motivation of tourists from the People's Republic of China 2005, Retrieved from. http://fnu.zmaw.de/fileadmin/fnu-files/publication/working-papers/LAU5_FNU.pdf.
32. Li, M. (2008). Modeling the travel motivation of mainland Chinese outbound tourism. Purdue University. Doctoral Thesis.
33. Li X., Harrill R., Uysal M., Burnett T., Zhan X. Estimating the size of the Chinese outbound travel market: a demand-side approach. Tourism Management. 2010, 31(2):250-259.
34. Li X., Stepchenkova S. Chinese outbound tourists' destination image of America: Part I. Journal of Travel Research 2012, 51(3):250-266.
35. Liu Y. Open Times 2006, 4:76-88.
36. Moutinho L. Using personal values to define segments in an international tourism market. International Marketing Review 1987, 8(1):57-70.
37. Nyaupane G.P., Andereck K.L. Understanding travel constraints: application and extension of a leisure constraints model. Journal of Travel Research 2008, 46(4):433-439.
38. Nyaupane G.P., Morais D.B., Graefe A.R. Nature tourism constraints: a cross-activity comparison. Annals of Tourism Research 2004, 31(3):540-555.
39. Penningtom-Gray L.A., Kerstetter D.L. Testing a constraints model within the context of nature-based tourism. Journal of Travel Research 2002, 40(4):416-423.
40. Reisinger Y. Cross-cultural differences in tourist behavior. Handbook of tourist behavior: Theory & practice 2009, Routledge, New York, NY. M. Kozak, A. Decrop (Eds.).
41. Romaniuk J., Sharp B. Conceptualizing and measuring brand salience. Marketing Theory 2004, 4(4):327-342.
42. Roy A., Walters P.G.P., Luk S.T.K. Chinese puzzles and paradoxes: conducting business research in China. Journal of Business Research 2001, 52:203-210.
43. Shin, H. C. (1998). The hierarchical effects of perceived constraining attributes influencing tourists' travel decision process. State College, PA: College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University. Doctoral Dissertation.
44. Shores K.A., Scott D., Floyd M.F. Constraints to outdoor recreation: a multiple hierarchy stratification perspective. Leisure Sciences 2007, 29(3):227-246.
45. Singapore Tourism Board (STB) Annual report on tourism statistics 2007: Planning Division of Research and Statistics Department 2008, Retrieved from. http://app.stb.gov.sg/Data/pages/12/b53b3a3d6ab90ce0268229151c9bde11/annual_report_2007.pdf.
46. Sparks B., Pan W. Chinese outbound tourists: understanding their attitudes, constraints and use of information sources. Tourism Management 2009, 30(4):483-494.
47. Statistics Indonesia (SI) Number of foreign visitor arrivals to Indonesia by country of residence 2002-2007 2008, Retrieved from. http://www.bps.go.id/sector/tourism/table16.shtml.
48. Statistics New Zealand (SNZ) Overseas visitor arrivals ranked by country of residence 2007, 2002 and 1997 2008, Retrieved from. http://www.stats.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/33F0B70E-3BFC-4BE9-8F9B-126F47933058/0/Table206.xls.
49. Stepchenkova S., Kirilenko A.P., Morrison A.M. Facilitating content analysis in tourism research. Journal of Travel Research 2009, 47(4):454-469.
50. Tourism Australia (TA) International visitors in Australia - December 2007 quarterly results of the international visitor survey 2008, Tourism Research Australia, Canberra, Retrieved from. http://www.tra.australia.com/content/documents/IVS/IVS%2520December%25202007.pdf.
51. Um S., Crompton J.L. The roles of perceived inhibitors and facilitators in pleasure travel destination decisions. Journal of Travel Research 1992, 30(3):18-25.
52. Wade M.G., Hoover J.H. Mental retardation as a constraint on leisure. Constraints on leisure 1985, C. C. Thomas, Springfield, IL. M.G. Wade (Ed.).
53. Walker G.J., Virden R.J. Constraints on outdoor recreation. Constraints to leisure 2005, 201-219. Venture Publishing, State College, PA. E.L. Jackson (Ed.).
54. Wang X. Population Journal 2006, 6(3):12-15.
55. World Tourism Organization (WTO) Chinese outbound tourism 2003, World Tourism Organization, Madrid, Spain.
56. Zhang G. China's outbound tourism: an overview. WTM-China Contact Conference 2006.
57. Zhou L., King B., Turner L. The China outbound market: an evaluation of key constraints and opportunities. Journal of Vacation Marketing 1998, 4(2):109-119.