Understanding travel constraints: Application and extension of a leisure constraints model

Journal of Travel Research

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 433-439

  Nyaupane, Gyan P ^a   Andereck, Kathleen L ^a  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Domestic travel; Leisure constraints; Leisure travel; Nonparticipation; Structural constraints

Indexed keywords

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; MODELING; RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT; TRAVEL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 42449162857     PISSN: 00472875     EISSN: 15526763     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0047287507308325     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Baum, T., and Laura Hagen. (1999). "Responses to Seasonality: The Experiences of Peripheral Destinations." International Journal of Tourism Research, 1 (5): 299-312.
2. Blazey, M. (1987). "The Differences between Participants and Non-participants in a Senior Travel Program." Journal of Travel Research, 26: 7-12.
3. Botha, Christel, John L. Crompton, and Seong S. Kim. (1999). "Developing a Revised Competitive Position for Sun/Lost City, South Africa" Journal of Travel Research, 37 (May): 341-52.
4. Browne, M.W., and R. Cudeck. (1993). "Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit." In Testing Structural Equation Models, edited by K. A. Bollen and J. S. Long. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, pp. 136-62.
5. Buchanan, T., and L. Allen. (1985). "Barriers to Recreation Participation in Later Life Cycle Stages." Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 19: 39-50.
6. Burnett, J.J., and H.B. Baker. (2001). "Assessing the Travel-related Behaviors of the Mobility-disabled Consumer" Journal of Travel Research, 40 (August): 4-11.
7. California Travel News. (2006). California Travel News-News for California Travel Industry. http://www.californiatravelnews.com/ (accessed October 3, 2006).
8. Caroll, B., and A. Konstantinos. (1997). "Perception of Constraints and Strength of Motivation: Their Relationship to Recreational Sport Participation in Greece." Journal of Leisure Research, 29 (3): 279-99.
9. Cortina, J.M. (1993). "What is Coefficient Alpha? An Examination of Theory and Applications." Journal of Applied Psychology, 78 (1): 98-104.
10. Crawford, D.W., and G. Godbey. (1987). "Reconceptualizing Barriers to Family Leisure." Leisure Sciences, 9: 119-27.
11. Crawford, D.W., E.L. Jackson, and G. Godbey. (1991). "A Hierarchical Model of Leisure Constraints." Leisure Sciences, 13 (4): 309-20.
12. Crompton, J.L. (1979). "Motivations for Pleasure Vacation." Annals of Tourism Research, 6 (4): 408-24.
13. Edgell, D. (1988). Barriers to International Travel. Tourism Management, 9 (March): 63-66.
14. Engs, R.C., and D.J. Hanson. (1994). "The Student Alcohol Questionnaire: An Updated Reliability of the Drinking Patterns, Problems, Knowledge and Attitude Subscales." Psychological Reports, 74: 12-14.
15. Fleischer, A., and A. Pizam. (2002). "Tourism Constraints Among Israeli Seniors." Annals of Tourism Research, 29: 106-23.
16. George, R. (2003). "Tourist's Perceptions of Safety and Security while Visiting Cape Town." Tourism Management, 24: 575-85.
17. Gilbert, D., and S. Hudson. (2000). "Tourism Demand Constraints - A Skiing Participation" Annals of Tourism Research, 27 (4): 906-25.
18. Godbey, Geoffrey. (2005). "Time as a Constraint to Leisure." In Constraints to Leisure, edited by E. L. Jackson. State College, PA: Venture, pp. 185-200.
19. Gomez-Martin, M.B. (2005). "Weather, Climate and Tourism - A Geographical Perspective." Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (3): 571-91.
20. Hawkins, B., J. Peng, C. Hsieh, and S. Eklund. (1999). "Leisure Constraints: A Replication and Extension of Construct Development." Leisure Sciences, 21: 179-92.
21. Henderson, Karla, D. Stalnaker, and G. Taylor. (1988). "The Relationship between Barriers to Recreation and Gender-role Personality Traits for Women" Journal of Leisure Research, 20 (1): 69-80.
22. Hinch, T.D., and E.L. Jackson. (2000). "Leisure Constraints Research: Its Value as a Framework for Understanding Tourism Seasonality." Current Issues in Tourism, 3 (2): 87-106.
23. Hu, L., and P.M. Bentler. (1999). "Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives." Structural Equation Modeling, 6 (1): 1-55.
24. Hubbard, J., and R.C. Mannell. (2001). "Testing Competing Models of the Leisure Constraint Negotiation Process in a Corporate Employee Recreation Setting." Leisure Sciences, 23 (3): 145-63.
25. Hudson, S. (2000). "The Segmentation of Potential Tourists: Constraints Differences between Men and Women" Journal of Travel Research, 38 (May): 363-68.
26. Hultsman, W.Z. (1993). "The Influence of Others as a Barrier to Recreation Participation among Early Adolescents." Journal of Leisure Research, 25: 150-64.
27. Jackson, Edgar L. (1994). "Geographical Aspects of Constraints on Leisure and Recreation" Canadian Geographer-Geographe Canadien, 38 (2): 110-21.
28. Jackson, Edgar L. (2000). "Will Research on Leisure Constraints Still Be Relevant in the Twenty-first Century?" Journal of Leisure Research, 32 (1): 62-68.
29. Jackson, Edgar L. ed. (2005). Constraints to Leisure. State College, PA: Venture.
30. Jackson, E.L., and K.A. Henderson. (1995). "Gender-based Analysis of Leisure Constraints" Leisure Science, 17: 31-51.
31. Kline, R.B. (1998). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: Guilford.
32. McGuire, F.A. (1982). "Constraints on Leisure Involvement in the Later Years." Activities, Adaptation and Aging, 3 (1): 17-24.
33. McGuire, F.A. (1984). "A Factor Analytic Study of Leisure Constraints in Advanced Adulthood." Leisure Sciences, 6: 313-26.
34. McGuire, F.A., D. Dottavio, and J.T. O'Leary. (1986). "Constraints to Participation in Outdoor Recreation across Lifespan: A Nationwide Study of Limitors and Prohibitors." The Gerontologist, 26: 538-44.
35. McKercher, B., and Alan A. Lew. (2003). "Distance Decay and the Impact of Effective Tourism Exclusion Zones of International Travel Flows" Journal of Travel Research, 42 (November): 159-65.
36. Nyaupane, Gyan P., Duarte B. Morais, and Alan R. Graefe. (2004). "Nature Tourism Constraints: A Cross-Activity Comparison" Annals of Tourism Research, 31 (3): 540-55.
37. Pennington-Gray, L.A., and D.L. Kerstetter. (2002). "Testing the Constraints Model within the Context of Nature-Based Tourism." Journal of Travel Research, 40 (3): 416-23.
38. Peterson, M., and S.L. Lambert. (2002). "A Demographic Perspective on U.S. Consumers' Out-of-town Vacationing and Commercial Lodging Usage while on Vacation" Journal of Travel Research, 42 (November), 116-24.
39. Raymore, Leslie, G. Godbey, D. Crawford, and A. von Eye. (1993). "Nature and Process of Leisure Constraints - An Empirical-Test" Leisure Sciences, 15 (2): 99-113.
40. Shaw, Susan M., and Karla Henderson. (2005). "Gender Analysis and Leisure Constraints: An Uneasy Alliance" In Constraints to Leisure, edited by E. L. Jackson. State College, PA: Venture, pp. 23-34.
41. Smith, R. (1987). "Leisure of Disabled Tourists: Barriers to Participation." Annals of Tourism Research, 14: 376-89.
42. Stodolska, Monika. (1998). "Assimilation and Leisure Constraints: Dynamics of Constraints on Leisure in Immigration Populations." Journal of Leisure Research, 30 (4): 521-51.
43. Stodolska, Monika, and Jouyeon Yi-Sook. (2005). "Ethnicity, Immigration, and Constraints." In Constraints to Leisure, edited by E. L. Jackson. State College, PA: Venture, pp. 53-73.
44. Thapa, Brijesh. (2003). "Tourism in Nepal: Shangri-La's Troubled Times." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 15(2-3): 117-38.
45. Waitt, G. (1997). "Structural and Sociodemographic Constraints." Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (3): 745-48.
46. Walker, Gordon, and Randy Virden. (2005). "Constraints on Outdoor Recreation." In Constraints to Leisure, edited by E. L. Jackson. State College, PA: Venture, pp. 201-19.
47. Witt, P.A., and T.L. Goodale. (1981). "The Relationship between Barriers to Leisure Enjoyment and Family Stages." Leisure Sciences, 4: 29-49.
48. World Tourism Organization. (2006). Tourism Highlights 2005 Edition. http://www.world-tourism.org (accessed September 27, 2006).