Overview on the developments of microbial fuel cells

Biochemical Engineering Journal

Volumn 73, Issue , 2013, Pages 53-64

  Oliveira, V B ^a   Simoes M ^a   Melo, L F ^a   Pinto, A M F R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Microbial fuel cells; Modelling; Operating conditions; Scale up; Sustainable energy

Indexed keywords

ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION; ENGINEERING ASPECTS; FEED-RATES; IRREVERSIBLE REACTIONS; MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS (MFCS); NATURAL ORGANIC MATTERS; OPERATING CONDITION; ORGANIC LOAD; ORGANIC WASTES; POWER OUT PUT; RECENT PROGRESS; SCALE-UP; SUSTAINABLE ENERGY; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA;

MODELS; WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS;

BIOFILM; CELL TRANSPORT; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; MICROBIAL FUEL CELL; PH; POWER SUPPLY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCALE UP; SHEAR STRESS; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 84874428584     PISSN: 1369703X     EISSN: 1873295X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.01.012     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Rabaey K., Verstraete W. Microbial fuel cells: novel biotechnology for energy generation. Trends Biotechnol. 2005, 23:291-298.
2. Watanabe K. Recent developments in microbial fuel cell technologies for sustainable bioenergy. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2008, 106:528-536.
3. He Z., Angenent L.T. Application of bacterial biocathodes in microbial fuel cells. Electroanalysis 2006, 18:2009-2015.
4. Rinaldi A., Mecheri B., Garavaglia V., Licoccia S., Nardo P.D., Traversa E. Engineering materials and biology to boost performance of microbial fuel cells: a critical review. Energy Environ. Sci. 2008, 1:417-429.
5. Huang L., Regan J.M., Quan X. Electron transfer mechanisms, new applications, and performance of biocathode microbial fuel cells. Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102:316-323.
6. Osman M.H., Shah A.A., Walsh F.C. Recent progress and continuing challenges in bio-fuel cells: Part II. Microbial. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2010, 26:953-963.
7. Sharma V., Kundu P.P. Biocatalysts in microbial fuel cells. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 2010, 47:179-188.
8. Du Z., Li H., Gu T. A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: a promising technology for wastewater treatment and bioenergy. Biotechnol. Adv. 2007, 25:464-482.
9. Kim B.H., Chang I.S., Gadd G.M. Challenges in microbial fuel cell development and operation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2007, 76:485-494.
10. Kim I.S., Chae K.J., Choi M.J., Verstraete W. Microbial fuel cells: recent advances, bacterial communities and application beyond electricity generation. Environ. Eng. Res. 2008, 13:51-65.
11. Oh S.T., Kim J.R., Premier G.C., Lee T.H., Kim C., Sloan W.T. Sustainable wastewater treatment: how might microbial fuel cells contribute. Biotechnol. Adv. 2010, 28:871-881.
12. Das S., Mangwani N. Recent developments in microbial fuel cells: a review. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2010, 69:727-731.
13. Balat M. Microbial fuel cells as an alternative energy option. Energy Sources A 2010, 32:26-35.
14. Logan B.E., Regan J.M. Electricity-producing bacterial communities in microbial fuel cells. Trends Microbiol. 2006, 14:512-518.
15. Franks A.E., Nevin K.P. Microbial fuel cells, a current review. Energies 2010, 3:899-919.
16. Chang I.S., Moon H., Bretschger O., Jang J.K., Park H.I., Nealson K.H., Kim B.H. Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) and mediator-less microbial fuel cells. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006, 16:163-177.
17. Logan B.E., Hamelers B., Rozendal R., Schroder U., Keller J., Freguia S., Aelterman P., Verstraete W., Rabaey K. Microbial fuel cells: methodology and technology. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40:5181-5192.
18. Lefebvre O., Uzabiaga A., Chang I.S., Kim B.H., Ng H.Y. Microbial fuel cells for energy self-sufficient domestic wastewater treatment-a review and discussion from energetic consideration. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2011, 89:259-270.
19. Pham T.H., Rabaey K., Aelterman P., Clauwaert P., De Schamphelaire L., Boon N., Verstraete W. Microbial fuel cells in relation to conventional anaerobic digestion technology. Eng. Life Sci. 2006, 6:285-292.
20. Schroder U. Anodic electron transfer mechanisms in microbial fuel cells and their energy efficiency. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2007, 9:2619-2629.
21. Yazdia H.R., Carverb S.M., Christya A.D., Tuovinen O.H. Cathodic limitations in microbial fuel cells: an overview. J. Power Sources 2008, 180:683-694.
22. Pant D., Bogaert G.V., Diels L., Vanbroekhoven K. A review of the substrates used in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for sustainable energy production. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101:1533-1543.
23. Li W.W., Sheng G.P., Liu X.W., Yu H.Q. Recent advances in the separators for microbial fuel cells. Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102:244-252.
24. Wei J., Liang P., Huang X. Recent progress in electrodes for microbial fuel cells. Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102:9335-9344.
25. Zhou M., Chi M., Luo J., He H., Jin T. An overview of electrode materials in microbial fuel cells. J. Power Sources 2011, 196:4427-4435.
26. Biffinger J.C., Ringeisen B.R. Engineering microbial fuel cells: recent patent and new directions. Recent Patents on Biotechnology 2008, 2:150-155.
27. Tender L.M., Gray S.A., Groveman E., Lowy D.A., Kauffman P., Melhado J., Tyce R.C., Flynn D., Petrecca R., Dobarro J. The first demonstration of a microbial fuel cell as a viable power supply: powering a meteorological buoy. J. Power Sources 2008, 179:571-575.
28. Ieropoulos I., Greenman J., Melhuish C. Microbial fuel cells based on carbon veil electrodes: stack configuration and scalability. Int. J. Energy Res. 2008, 32:1228-1240.
29. Dewan A., Beyenal H., Lewandowski Z. Scaling up microbial fuel cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:7643-7648.
30. Clauwaert P., Aelterman P., Pham T.H., De Schamphelaire L., Carballa M., Rabaey K., Verstraete W. Minimizing losses in bio-electrochemical systems: the road to applications. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008, 79:901-913.
31. Logan B.E. Scaling up microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical systems. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010, 85:1665-1671.
32. Cheng S., Logan B.E. Increasing power generation for scaling up single-chamber air cathode microbial fuel cells. Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102:4468-4473.
33. Liu H., Cheng S., Huang L., Logan B.E. Scale-up of membrane-free single-chamber microbial fuel cells. J. Power Sources 2008, 179:274-279.
34. Dekker A., Heijne A.T., Saakes M., Hamelers H.V.M., Buisman C.J.N. Analysis and improvement of a scaled-up and stacked microbial fuel cell. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:9038-9042.
35. Zhuang L., Zhou S. Substrate cross-conduction effect on the performance of serially connected microbial fuel cell stack. Electrochem. Commun. 2009, 11:937-940.
36. Liu Z., Liu J., Zhang S., Su Z. A novel configuration of microbial fuel cell stack bridged internally through an extra cation exchange membrane. Biotechnol. Lett. 2008, 30:1017-1023.
37. Zhuang L., Zheng Y., Zhou S., Yuan Y., Yuan H., Chen Y. Scalable microbial fuel cell (MFC) stack for continuous real wastewater treatment. Bioresour. Technol. 2012, 106:82-88.
38. Zhuang L., Yuan Y., Wang Y., Zhou S. Long-term evaluation of a 10-liter serpentine-type microbial fuel cells stack treating brewery wastewater. Bioresour. Technol. 2012, 123:406-412.
39. Ieropoulos I., Greenman J., Melhuish C. Improved energy output levels from small-scale microbial fuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2010, 78:44-50.
40. Jiang D., Li B. Granular activated carbon single-chamber microbial fuel cells (GAC-SCMFCs): a design suitable for large-scale wastewater treatment processes. Biochem. Eng. J. 2009, 47:31-37.
41. Jiang D., Li X., Raymond D., Mooradain J., Li B. Power recovery with multi-anode/cathode microbial fuel cells suitable for future large-scale applications. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2010, 35:8683-8689.
42. Zuo Y., Cheng S., Call D., Logan B. Tubular membrane cathodes for scalable power generation in microbial fuel fells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:3347-3353.
43. Zuo Y., Cheng S., Logan B. Ion exchange membrane cathodes for scalable microbial fuel cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:6967-6972.
44. Lefebvre O., Ooi W.K., Tang Z., Abdullah-Al-Mamun Md., Chua D.H.C., Ng H.Y. Optimization of a Pt-free cathode suitable for practical applications of microbial fuel cells. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100:4907-4910.
45. Zhuang L., Zhoua S., Wang Y., Liu C., Geng S. Membrane-less cloth cathode assembly (CCA) for scalable microbial fuel cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2009, 24:3652-3656.
46. Zhuang L., Feng C., Zhoua S., Li Y., Wang Y. Comparison of membrane- and cloth-cathode assembly for scalable microbial fuel cells: construction, performance and cost. Process Biochem. 2010, 45:929-934.
47. Heijne A.T., Liu F., van Rijnsoever L.S., Saakes M., Hamelers H.V.M., Buisman C.J.N. Performance of a scaled-up microbial fuel cell with iron reduction as the cathode reaction. J. Power Sources 2011, 196:7572-7577.
48. Fan Y., Han S.K., Liu H. Improved performance of CEA microbial fuel cells with increased reactor size. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5:8273-8280.
49. Biffinger J.C., Pietron J., Bretschger O., Nadeau L.J., Johnson G.R., Williams C.C., Nealson K.H., Ringeisen B.R. The influence of acidity on microbial fuel cells containing Shewanella oneidensis. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2008, 24:900-905.
50. Jadhav G.S., Ghangrekar M.M. Performance of microbial fuel cell subjected to variation in pH, temperature, external load and substrate concentration. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100:717-723.
51. Raghavulu S.V., Mohan S.V., Goud R.K., Sarma P.N. Effect of anodic pH microenvironment on microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance in concurrence with aerated and ferricyanide catholytes. Electrochem. Commun. 2009, 11:371-375.
52. Erable B., Etcheverry L., Bergel A. Increased power from a two-chamber microbial fuel cell with a low-pH air-cathode compartment. Electrochem. Commun. 2009, 11:619-622.
53. Behera M., Ghangrekar M.M. Performance of microbial fuel cell in response to change in sludge loading rate at different anodic feed pH. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100:5114-5121.
54. Zhuang L., Zhou S., Li Y., Yuan Y. Enhanced performance of air-cathode two-chamber microbial fuel cells with high-pH anode and low-pH cathode. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101:3514-3519.
55. Winfield J., Ieropoulos I., Greenman J., Dennis J. The overshoot phenomenon as a function of internal resistance in microbial fuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2011, 81:22-27.
56. He Z., Huang Y., Manohar A.K., Mansfeld F. Effect of electrolyte pH on the rate of the anodic and cathodic reactions in an air-cathode microbial fuel cell. Bioelectrochemistry 2008, 74:78-82.
57. Puig S., Serra M., Coma M., Cabré M., Balaguer M.D., Colprim J. Effect of pH on nutrient dynamics and electricity production using microbial fuel cells. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101:9594-9599.
58. Zhang L., Li C., Ding L., Xu K., Ren H. Influences of initial pH on performance and anodic microbes of fed-batch microbial fuel cells. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2011, 86:1226-1232.
59. Yuan Y., Zhao B., Zhou S., Zhong S., Zhuang L. Electrocatalytic activity of anodic biofilm responses to pH changes in microbial fuel cells. Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102:6887-6891.
60. Patil S.A., Harnisch F., Koch C., Hübschmann T., Fetzer I., Carmona-Martínez A.A., Müller S., Schröder U. Electroactive mixed culture derived biofilms in microbial bioelectrochemical systems: the role of pH on biofilm formation, performance and composition. Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102:6887-6891.
61. Jung S., Mench M.M., Regan J.M. Impedance characteristics and polarization behavior of a microbial fuel cell in response to short-term changes in medium pH. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:9069-9074.
62. Nimje V.R., Chen C.Y., Chen C.C., Tsai J.Y., Chen H.R., Huang Y.M., Jean J.S., Chang Y.F., Shih R.C. Microbial fuel cell of Enterobacter cloacae: effect of anodic pH microenvironment on current, power density, internal resistance and electrochemical losses. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2011, 36:11093-11101.
63. Raghavulu S.V., Mohan S.V., Reddy M.V., Mohanakrishna G., Sarma P.N. Behaviour of single chambered mediatorless microbial fuel cell (MFC) at acidophilic, neutral and alkaline microenvironments during chemical wastewater treatment. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2009, 34:7547-7554.
64. Martin E., Savadogo O., Guiot S.R., Tartakovsky B. The influence of operational conditions on the performance of a microbial fuel cell seeded with mesophilic anaerobic sludge. Biochem. Eng. J. 2010, 51:132-139.
65. Cheng K.Y., Ho G., Ruwisch R.C. Anodophilic biofilm catalyzes cathodic oxygen reduction. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44:518-525.
66. Cheng S., Logan B.E. Ammonia treatment of carbon cloth anodes to enhance power generation of microbial fuel cells. Electrochem. Commun. 2007, 9:492-496.
67. Fan Y., Hu H.Q., Liu H. Sustainable power generation in microbial fuel cells using bicarbonate buffer and proton transfer mechanisms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:8154-8158.
68. Kim J.R., Cheng S., Oh S.E., Logan B. Power generation using different cation, anion, and ultrafiltration membranes in microbial fuel cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:1004-1009.
69. Fan Y., Hu H., Liu H. Enhanced Coulombic efficiency and power density of air-cathode microbial fuel cells with an improved cell configuration. J. Power Sources 2007, 171:348-354.
70. Min B., Román O.B., Angelidaki I. Importance of temperature and anodic medium composition on microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. Biotechnol. Lett. 2008, 30:1213-1218.
71. Qiang L., Yuan L.J., Ding Q. Influence of buffer solutions on the performance of microbial fuel cell electricity generation. Huanjing Kexue/Environ. Sci. 2011, 32:1524-1528.
72. Nam J.Y., Kim H.W., Lim K.H., Shin H.S., Logan B.E. Variation of power generation at different buffer types and conductivities in single chamber microbial fuel cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2010, 25:1155-1159.
73. - carriers for decreasing the pH gradient between cathode and anode in biological fuel cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:8773-8777.
74. Fornero J.J., Rosenbaum M., Cotta M.A., Angenet L.T. Carbon dioxide addition to microbial fuel cell cathodes maintains sustainable catholyte pH and improves anolyte pH, alkalinity, and conductivity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44:2728-2734.
75. Wang X., Feng Y.J., Qu Y.P., Li D.M., Li H., Ren N.Q. Effect of temperature on performance of microbial fuel cell using beer wastewater. Huanjing Kexue/Environ. Sci. 2008, 29:3128-3132.
76. Hong S.W., Chang I.S., Choi Y.S., Chung T.H. Experimental evaluation of influential factors for electricity harvesting from sediment using microbial fuel cell. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100:3029-3035.
77. Ahn Y., Logan B.E. Effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cells at ambient and mesophilic temperatures. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101:469-475.
78. Guerrero A.L., Scott K., Head I.M., Mateo F., Ginesta A., Godinez C. Effect of temperature on the performance of microbial fuel cells. Fuel 2010, 89:3985-3994.
79. Patil S.A., Harnisch F., Kapadnis B., Schröder U. Electroactive mixed culture biofilms in microbial bioelectrochemical systems: the role of temperature for biofilm formation and performance. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2010, 26:803-808.
80. Liu Y., Climent V., Berná A., Feliu J.M. Effect of temperature on the catalytic ability of electrochemically active biofilm as anode catalyst in microbial fuel cells. Electroanalysis 2011, 23:387-394.
81. Behera M., Murthy S.S.R., Ghangrekar M.M. Effect of operating temperature on performance of microbial fuel cell. Water Sci. Technol. 2011, 64:917-922.
82. Wang X.L., Wu C., Zhang J.Q., Chi Q.L., Tian S.S. Acclimation stage on the performance of microbial fuel cells subjected to variation in COD, temperature, and electron acceptor. Adv. Mater. Res. 2011, 183-185:2346-2350.
83. Michie I.S., Kim J.R., Dinsdale R.M., Guwy A.J., Premier G.C. Operational temperature regulates anodic biofilm growth and the development of electrogenic activity. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2011, 92:419-430.
84. Tang Y., He Y., Yu P., Sun H., Fu J. Effect of temperature on electricity generation of single-chamber microbial fuel cells with proton exchange membrane. Adv. Mater. Res. 2012, 393-395:1169-1172.
85. Liu Z.H., Li X.M., Zheng F.L., Yang Q. Operating characteristics of microbial fuel cell using sludge. China Environ. Sci. 2012, 32:268-273.
86. Campo A.G., Lobato J., Cañizares P., Rodrigo M.A., Morales F.J.F. Short-term effects of temperature and COD in a microbial fuel cell. Appl. Energy 2012, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.064.
87. Larios A.L.V, Feria O.S., Huerta G.V., Leal E.R., Seijas N.R., Varaldo H.M.P. Internal resistance and performance of microbial fuel cells: influence of cell configuration and temperature. J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst. 2011, 14:99-105.
88. Michie I.S., Kim J.R., Dinsdale R.M., Guwy A.J., Premier G.C. The influence of psychrophilic and mesophilic start-up temperature on microbial fuel cell system performance. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 4:1011-1019.
89. Cheng S., Xing D., Logan B.E. Electricity generation of single-chamber microbial fuel cells at low temperatures. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2011, 26:1913-1917.
90. Liu L., Tsyganova O., Lee D.J., Suc A., Chang J.S., Wang A., Ren N. Anodic biofilm in single-chamber microbial fuel cells cultivated under different temperatures. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2012, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.084.
91. Guerrero A.L., Scott K., Head I.M., Mateo F., Ginestá A., Fernández F.J.H., Godínez C. Low temperature performance of microbial fuel cells. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2010, 21:463-468.
92. Mohan S.V., Raghavulu S.V., Srikanth S., Sarma P.N. Bioelectricity production by mediatorless microbial fuel cell under acidophilic condition using wastewater as substrate: influence of substrate loading rate. Curr. Sci. 2007, 92:1720-1726.
93. Aelterman P., Versichele M., Marzorati M., Boon N., Verstraete W. Loading rate and external resistance control the electricity generation of microbial fuel cells with different three-dimensional anodes. Bioresour. Technol. 2008, 99:8895-8902.
94. Mohan S.V., Raghavulu S.V., Peri D., Sarma P.N. Integrated function of microbial fuel cell (MFC) as bioelectrochemical treatment system associated with bioelectricity generation under higher substrate load. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2009, 24:2021-2027.
95. Lorenzo M.D., Scott K., Curtis T.P., Head I.M. Effect of increasing anode surface area on the performance of a single chamber microbial fuel cell. Chem. Eng. J. 2010, 156:40-48.
96. Reddy M.V., Srikanth S., Mohan S.V., Sarma P.N. Phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities in anodic chamber of single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) at variable substrate loading conditions. Bioelectrochemistry 2010, 77:125-132.
97. Kim J.R., Premier G.C., Hawkes F.R., Rodríguez J., Dinsdale R.M., Guwy A.J. Modular tubular microbial fuel cells for energy recovery during sucrose wastewater treatment at low organic loading rate. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101:1190-1198.
98. Nam J.Y., Kim H.W., Lim K.H., Shin H.S. Effects of organic loading rates on the continuous electricity generation from fermented wastewater using a single-chamber microbial fuel cell. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101:S33-S37.
99. Juang D.F., Yang P.C., Chou H.Y., Chiu L.J. Effects of microbial species, organic loading and substrate degradation rate on the power generation capability of microbial fuel cells. Biotechnol. Lett. 2011, 33:2147-2160.
100. Goud R.K., Babu P.S., Mohan S.V. Canteen based composite food waste as potential anodic fuel for bioelectricity generation in single chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC): bio-electrochemical evaluation under increasing substrate loading condition. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2011, 36:6210-6218.
101. Velvizhi G., Mohan S.V. Electrogenic activity and electron losses under increasing organic load of recalcitrant pharmaceutical wastewater. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2012, doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.12.112.
102. Moon H., Chang I.S., Jang J.K., Kim B.H. Residence time distribution in microbial fuel cell and its influence on COD removal with electricity generation. Biochem. Eng. J. 2005, 27:59-65.
103. Guillou D.H., Tribollet B., Festy D. Influence of the hydrodynamics on the biofilm formation by mass transport analysis. Bioelectrochemistry 2000, 53:119-125.
104. Rickard A.H., McBain A.J., Stead A.T., Gilbert P. Shear rate moderates community diversity in freshwater biofilms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2004, 70:7426-7435.
105. Pham H.T., Boon N., Aelterman P., Clauwaert P., Schamphelaire L.D., Oostveldt P., Verbeken K., Rabaey K., Verstraete W. High shear enrichment improves the performance of the anodophilic microbial consortium in a microbial fuel cell. Microb. Biotechnol. 2008, 6:487-496.
106. Alice Rochex A., Godon J.-J., Bernet N., Escudie R. Role of shear stress on composition, diversity and dynamics of biofilm bacterial communities. Water Res. 2008, 42:4915-4922.
107. Aaron D., Tsouris C., Hamilton C.Y., Borole A.P. Assessment of the effects of flow rate and ionic strength on the performance of an air-cathode microbial fuel cell using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Energies 2010, 3:592-606.
108. Juang D.F., Yang P.C., Kuo T.H. Effects of flow rate and chemical oxygen demand removal characteristics on power generation performance of microbial fuel cells. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 9:267-280.
109. Ieropoulos I., Winfield J., Greenman J. Effects of flow-rate, inoculum and time on the internal resistance of microbial fuel cells. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101:3520-3525.
110. Yao K.Z., Karan K., McAuley K.B., Oosthuizen P., Peppley B., Xie T. A review of mathematical models for hydrogen and direct methanol polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Fuel Cells 2004, 4:3-29.
111. Oliveira V.B., Falcão D.S., Rangel C.M., Pinto A.M.F.R. A comparative study of approaches to direct methanol fuel cells modeling. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2007, 32:415-424.
112. Zhang X.C., Halme A. Modelling of a microbial fuel cell process. Biotechnol. Lett. 1995, 17:809-814.
113. Marcus A.K., Torres C.I., Rittman B.E. Conduction-based modeling of the biofilm anode of a microbial fuel cell. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007, 98:1171-1182.
114. Picioreanu C., Head I.M., Katuri K.P., van Loosdrecht M.C.M., Scott K. A computational model for biofilm-based microbial fuel cells. Water Res. 2007, 41:2921-2940.
115. Picioreanu C., Head I.M., Katuri K.P., van Loosdrecht M.C.M., Scott K. Mathematical model for microbial fuel cells with anodic biofilms and anaerobic digestion. Water Sci. Technol. 2008, 57:965-971.
116. Picioreanu C., van Loosdrecht M.C.M., Curtis T.P., Scott K. Model based evaluation of the effect of pH and electrode geometry on microbial fuel cell performance. Bioelectrochemistry 2010, 78:8-24.
117. Wen Q., Wu Y., Cao D., Zhao L., Sun Q. Electricity generation and modeling of microbial fuel cell from continuous beer brewery wastewater. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100:4171-4175.
118. Zeng Y., Choo Y.F., Kim B.H., Wu P. Modelling and simulation of two-chamber microbial fuel cell. J. Power Sources 2010, 195:79-89.
119. Picioreanu C., Head I.M., Katuri K.P., van Loosdrecht M.C.M., Scott K. Modelling microbial fuel cells with suspended cells and added electron transfer mediator. J. Appl. Electrochem. 2010, 40:151-162.
120. Pinto R.P., Srinivasan B., Manuel M.F., Tartakovsky B. A two-population bio-electrochemical model of a microbial fuel cell. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101:5256-5265.
121. Pinto R.P., Tartakovsky B., Srinivasan B. Optimizing energy productivity of microbial electrochemical cells. J. Process Control 2012, 22:1079-1086.