A review of the substrates used in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for sustainable energy production

Bioresource Technology

Volumn 101, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1533-1543

  Pant, Deepak ^a   Van Bogaert, Gilbert ^a   Diels, Ludo ^a   Vanbroekhoven, Karolien ^a  

^a FLEMISH INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH VITO   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Direct energy conversion; Lignocellulosic biomass; Microbial fuel cell (MFC); Substrate; Wastewater treatment

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION; ENERGY CONVERSION; FUEL CELLS; SUBSTRATES; WASTES; WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; LOW STRENGTH WASTEWATER; MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS (MFCS); MICROBIAL PRODUCTION; POTENTIAL SUBSTRATE; REAL WASTEWATER; SUSTAINABLE ENERGY; VARIOUS SUBSTRATES;

MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS;

1,2 DICHLOROETHANE; ACETIC ACID; ALCOHOL; ARABINITOL; AZO DYE; CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE; CELLULOSE; CYSTEINE; FORMIC ACID; FUMARIC ACID; FURFURAL; GALACTITOL; GLUCOSE; GLUCURONIC ACID; HUMIC ACID; LACTIC ACID; LIGNOCELLULOSE; MANNITOL; MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID; PHENOL; PROPIONIC ACID; RIBITOL; SORBITOL; STARCH; SUCROSE; XYLITOL; XYLOSE; ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVE; COLORING AGENT; LIGNIN;

BIOENERGY; BIOTECHNOLOGY; CELLULOSE; ELECTRICITY GENERATION; FUEL CELL; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; RENEWABLE RESOURCE; SUBSTRATE PREFERENCE; SUSTAINABILITY; WASTE TREATMENT; WASTEWATER;

ACTIVATED SLUDGE; BEER; BIOENERGY; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; ELECTRIC CURRENT; ELECTRIC POWER PLANT; ELECTRICITY; ENERGY CONVERSION; ENERGY YIELD; LANDFILL LEACHATE; MACROALGA; MALT; MICROBIAL FUEL CELL; ORGANIC WASTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RENEWABLE ENERGY; REVIEW; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; BIOMASS; BIOREACTOR; BIOTECHNOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; ENERGY CONSERVATION; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; METHODOLOGY; SEWAGE; SUNLIGHT; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER POLLUTANT;

ACETATES; BIOELECTRIC ENERGY SOURCES; BIOMASS; BIOREACTORS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; CELLULOSE; COLORING AGENTS; CONSERVATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES; ELECTRICITY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; LIGNIN; SUNLIGHT; WASTE DISPOSAL, FLUID; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER PURIFICATION;

EID: 74549151753     PISSN: 09608524     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.017     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Aelterman, P., 2009. Microbial fuel cells for the treatment of waste streams with energy recovery. Ph.D. Thesis, Gent University, Belgium.
2. Aldrovandi, A., Marsili, E., Paganin, P., Tabacchioni, S., Giordano, A., 2009. Sustainable power production in a membrane-less and mediator-less synthetic wastewater microbial fuel cell. Biores. Technol. 100, 3252-3260.
3. Angenent, L.T., Wrenn, B.A., 2008. Optimizing mixed-culture bioprocessing to convert wastes into bioenergy. In: Wall, J.D., Harwood, C.S., Demain, A. (Eds.), Bioenergy. ASM Press, Herndon, VA, USA, pp. 179-194.
4. Behera, M., Ghangrekar, M.M., 2009. Performance of microbial fuel cell in response to change in sludge loading rate at different anodic feed pH. Biores. Technol. 100, 5114-5121.
5. Biffinger, J.C., Byrd, J.N., Dudley, B.L., Ringeisen, B.R., 2008. Oxygen exposure promotes fuel diversity for Shewanella oneidensis microbial fuel cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 23, 820-826.
6. Bond, D.R., Holmes, D.E., Tender, L.M., Lovley, D.R., 2002. Electrode-reducing microorganisms harvesting energy from marine sediments. Science 295, 483-485.
7. Borole, A.P., Mielenz, J.R., Vishnivetskaya, T.A., Hamilton, C.Y., 2009. Controlling accumulation of fermentation inhibitors in biorefinery recycle water using microbial fuel cells. Biotechnol. Biofuels 2, 7. doi:10.1186/1754-6834-2-7.
8. Cao, X., Hunag, X., Liang, P., Boon, N., Fan, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., 2009. A completely anoxic microbial fuel cell using a photo-biocathode for cathodic carbon dioxide reduction. Energy Environ. Sci. 2, 498-501.
9. Catal, T., Li, K., Bermek, H., Liu, H., 2008a. Electricity production from twelve monosaccharides using microbial fuel cells. J. Power Sources 175, 196-200.
10. Catal, T., Xu, S., Li, K., Bermek, H., Liu, H., 2008b. Electricity production from polyalcohols in single-chamber microbial fuel cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 24, 855-860.
11. Chae, K.-J., Choi, M.-J., Lee, J.-W., Kim, K.-Y., Kim, I.S., 2009. Effect of different substrates on the performance, bacterial diversity, and bacterial viability in microbial fuel cells. Biores. Technol. 100, 3518-3525.
12. Cheng, S., Dempsey, B.A., Logan, B.E., 2007. Electricity generation from synthetic acid-mine drainage (AMD) water using fuel cell technologies. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 8149-8153.
13. Cho, Y.K., Donohue, T.J., Tejedor, I., Anderson, M.A., McMahon, K.D., Noguera, D.R., 2008. Development of a solar-powered microbial fuel cell. J. Appl. Microbiol. 104, 640-650.
14. Clauwaert, P., Rabaey, K., Aelterman, P., de Schamphelaire, L., Pham, T.H., Boeckx, P., Boon, N., Verstraete, W., 2007a. Biological denitrification in microbial fuel cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 3354-3360.
15. Clauwaert, P., Van Der Ha, D., Boon, N., Verbeken, K., Verhaege, M., Rabaey, K., Verstraete, W., 2007b. Open air biocathode enables effective Electricity generation with microbial fuel cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 7564-7569.
16. Debabov, V.G., 2008. Electricity from microorganisms. Mikrobiologiya 77 (2), 149-157.
17. Di Lorenzo, M., Curtis, T.P., Head, I.M., Scott, K., 2009. A single-chamber microbial fuel cell as a biosensor for wastewaters. Water Res. 42, 3145-3154.
18. Du, Z., Li, H., Gu, T., 2007. A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: a promising technology for wastewater treatment and bioenergy. Biotech. Adv. 25, 464-482.
19. Dumas, C., Basseguy, R., Bergel, A., 2008. Microbial electrocatalysis with Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilm on stainless steel cathodes. Electrochem. Acta 53, 2494-2500.
20. Electric Power Research Institute, 2002. Water and Sustainability. Research Plan, vol. 1. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.
21. Feng, Y., Wang, X., Logan, B.E., Lee, H., 2008. Brewery wastewater treatment using air-cathode microbial fuel cells. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 78, 873-880.
22. Freguia, S., Rabaey, K., Yuan, Z., Keller, J., 2007. Electron and carbon balances in microbial fuel cells reveal temporary bacterial storage behavior during electricity generation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 2915-2921.
23. Gálvez, A., Greenman, J., Ieropoulos, I., 2009. Landfill leachate treatment with microbial fuel cells; scale-up through plurality. Biores. Technol. 100, 5085-5091.
24. Greenman, J., Gálvez, A., Giusti, L., Ieropoulos, I., 2009. Electricity from landfill leachate using microbial fuel cells: comparison with a biological aerated filter. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 44, 112-119.
25. Ha, P.T., Tae, B., Chang, I.S., 2008. Performance and bacterial consortium of microbial fuel cell fed with formate. Energy Fuels 22, 164-168.
26. Habermann, W., Pommer, E.H., 1991. Biological fuel cells with sulfide storage capacity. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35 (1), 128-133.
27. He, Z., Kan, J., Mansfeld, F., Angenent, L.T., Nealson, K.H., 2009. Self-sustained phototrophic microbial fuel cells based on the synergistic cooperation between photosynthetic microorganisms and heterotrophic bacteria. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 1648-1654.
28. Heilmann, J., Logan, B.E., 2006. Production of electricity from proteins using a microbial fuel cell. Water Environ. Res. 78, 531-537.
29. Hu, Z., 2008. Electricity generation by a baffle-chamber membraneless microbial fuel cell. J. Power Sources 179, 27-33.
30. Huang, L., Angelidaki, I., 2008. Effect of humic acids on electricity generation integrated with xylose degradation in microbial fuel cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 100 (3), 413-422.
31. Huang, L., Zeng, R.J., Angelidaki, I., 2008. Electricity production from xylose using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell. Biores. Technol. 99, 4178-4184.
32. Huang, L.P., Logan, B.E., 2008. Electricity generation and treatment of paper recycling wastewater using a microbial fuel cell. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 80, 349-355.
33. Jadhav, G.S., Ghangrekar, M.M., 2009. Performance of microbial fuel cell subjected to variation in pH, temperature, external load and substrate concentration. Biores. Technol. 100, 717-723.
34. Jang, J.K., Chang, I.S., Moon, H., Kang, K.H., Kim, B.H., 2006. Nitrilotriacetic acid degradation under microbial fuel cell environment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 95 (4), 772-774.
35. Jang, J.K., Pham, T.H., Chang, I.S., Kang, K.H., Moon, H., Cho, K.S., Kim, B.H., 2004. Construction and operation of a novel mediator and membrane-less microbial fuel cell. Process Biochem. 39, 1007-1012.
36. Jia, Y.H., Tran, H.T., Kim, D.H., Oh, S.J., Park, D.H., Zhang, R.H., Ahn, D.H., 2008. Simultaneous organics removal and bio-electrochemical denitrification in microbial fuel cells. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 31 (4), 315-321.
37. Jin, B., van Leeuwen, H.J., Patel, B., YU, Q., 1998. Utilisation of starch processing wastewater for production of microbial biomass protein and fungal a-amylase by Aspergillus oryzae. Biores. Technol. 66, 201-206.
38. Kaku, N., Yonezawa, N., Kodama, Y., Watanabe, K., 2008. Plant/microbe cooperation for electricity generation in a rice paddy field. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 79, 43-49.
39. Kaparaju, P., Serrano, M., Thomsen, A.B., Kongjan, P., Angelidaki, I., 2009. Bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas production from wheat straw in a biorefinery concept. Biores. Technol. 100, 2562-2568.
40. Kargi, F., Eker, S., 2007. Electricity generation with simultaneous wastewater treatment by a microbial fuel cell (MFC) with Cu and Cu-Au electrodes. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 82, 658-662.
41. Kim, B.H., Chang, I.S., Gil, G.C., Park, H.S., Kim, H.J., 2003. Novel BOD sensor using mediator-less microbial fuel cell. Biotechnol. Lett. 25, 541-545.
42. Kim, B.H., Park, H.S., Kim, H.J., Kim, G.T., Chang, I.S., Lee, J., Phung, N.T., 2004. Enrichment of microbial community generating electricity using a fuel cell-type electrochemical cell. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 63, 672-681.
43. Kim, D., Chang, I.S., 2009. Electricity generation from synthesis gas by microbial processes: CO fermentation and microbial fuel cell technology. Biores. Technol. 100, 4527-4530.
44. Kim, J.R., Jung, S.H., Regan, J.M., Logan, B.E., 2007. Electricity generation and microbial community analysis of alcohol powered microbial fuel cells. Biores. Technol. 98, 2568-2577.
45. Kim, N., Choi, Y., Jung, S., Kim, S., 2000. Effect of initial carbon sources on the performance of microbial fuel cells containing Proteus vulgaris. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 70, 109-114.
46. Kjeldsen, P., Barlaz, M.A., Rooker, A.P., Baun, A., Ledin, A., Christensen, T.H., 2002. Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: a review. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 (4), 297-336.
47. Kleerebezem, R., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., 2007. Mixed culture biotechnology for bioenergy production. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 18, 207-212.
48. Lee, H.S., Parameswaran, P., Kato-Marcus, A., Torres, C.I., Rittman, B.E., 2008. Evaluation of energy-conversion efficiencies in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) utilizing fermentable and non-fermentable substrates. Water Res. 42, 1501-1510.
49. Li, Z., Zhang, X., Zeng, Y., Lei, L., 2009. Electricity production by an overflow-type wetted microbial fuel cell. Biores. Technol. 100, 2551-2555.
50. Liu, H., Cheng, S.A., Logan, B.E., 2005. Production of electricity from acetate or butyrate using a single-chamber microbial fuel cell. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 658-662.
51. Liu, H., Logan, B.E., 2004. Electricity generation using an air-cathode single chamber microbial fuel cell in the presence and absence of a proton exchange membrane. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 4040-4046.
52. Liu, Z., Liu, J., Zhang, S., Su, Z., 2009. Study of operational performance and electrical response on mediator-less microbial fuel cells fed with carbon and protein-rich substrates. Biochem. Eng. J. 45, 185-191.
53. Logan, B.E., 2008. Microbial Fuel Cells. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. p. 200.
54. Logan, B.E., 2009. Exoelectrogenic bacteria that power microbial fuel cells. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 7, 375-381.
55. Logan, B.E., Cheng, S., Watson, V., Estadt, G., 2007. Graphite fiber brush anodes for increased power production in air-cathode microbial fuel cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 3341-3346.
56. Logan, B.E., Hamelers, B., Rozendal, R., Schroder, U., Keller, J., Freguia, S., Aelterman, P., Verstraete, W., Rabaey, K., 2006. Microbial fuel cells: methodology and technology. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 5181-5192.
57. Logan, B.E., Murano, C., Scott, K., Gray, N.D., Head, I.M., 2005. Electricity generation from cysteine in a microbial fuel cell. Water Res. 39, 942-952.
58. Lovley, D.R., 2008. The microbe electric: conversion of organic matter to electricity. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 19, 564-571.
59. Lovley, D.R., 2009. Future shock from the microbe electric (in crystal ball). Microbial Biotechnol. 2, 139-141.
60. Lu, N., Zhou, S.-G., Zhuang, L., Zhnag, J.-T., Ni, J.-R., 2009. Electricity generation from starch processing wastewater using microbial fuel cell technology. Biochem. Eng. J. 43, 246-251.
61. Luo, H., Liu, G., Jin, S., 2009. Phenol degradation in microbial fuel cells. Chem. Eng. J. 147, 259-264.
62. Luo, Y., Liu, G., Zhang, R., Zhang, C., 2010. Power generation from furfural using the microbial fuel cell. J. Power Sources 195, 190-194.
63. Manohar, A.K., Mansfeld, F., 2009. The internal resistance of a microbial fuel cell and its dependence on cell design and operating conditions. Electrochem. Acta 54, 1664-1670.
64. Min, B., Angelidaki, I., 2008. Innovative microbial fuel cell for electricity production from anaerobic reactors. J. Power Sources 180, 641-647.
65. Min, B., Kim, J.R., Oh, S., Regan, J.M., Logan, B.E., 2005. Electricity generation from swine wastewater using microbial fuel cells. Water Res. 39, 4961-4968.
66. Mohan, Y., Muthu Kumar, S.M., Das, D., 2008. Electricity generation using microbial fuel cells. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 423-426.
67. Nevin, K.P., Richter, H., Covalla, S.F., Johnson, J.P., Woodard, T.L., Orloff, A.L., Jia, H., Zhang, M., Lovley, D.R., 2008. Power output and Coulombic efficiencies from biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens comparable to mixed community microbial fuel cells. Environ. Microbiol. 10, 2505-2514.
68. Niessen, J., Schröder, U., Scholz, F., 2004. Exploiting complex carbohydrates for microbial electricity generation - a bacterial fuel cell operating on starch. Electrochem. Commun. 6, 955-958.
69. Oh, S., Logan, B.E., 2005. Hydrogen and electricity production from a food processing wastewater using fermentation and microbial fuel cell technologies. Water Res. 39, 4673-4682.
70. Pant, D., Adholeya, A., 2007. Biological approaches for treatment of distillery wastewater: a review. Biores. Technol. 98, 2321-2334.
71. Pant, D., Singh, A., Satyawali, Y., Gupta, R.K., 2008. Effect of carbon and nitrogen source amendment on synthetic dyes decolourizing efficiency of white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J. Environ. Biol. 29 (1), 79-84.
72. Patil, S.A., Surakasi, V.P., Koul, S., Ijmulwar, S., Vivek, A., Shouche, Y.S., Kapadnis, B.P., 2009. Electricity generation using chocolate industry wastewater and its treatment in activated sludge based microbial fuel cell and analysis of developed microbial community in the anode chamber. Biores. Technol. 100, 5132-5139.
73. Pham, H., Boon, N., Marzorati, M., Verstraete, W., 2009a. Enhanced removal of 1,2 dichloroethane by anodophilic microbial consortia. Water Res. 43, 2936-2946.
74. Pham, T.H., Aelterman, P., Verstraete, W., 2009b. Bioanode performance in bioelectrochemical systems: recent improvements and prospects. Trends Biotechnol. 27 (3), 168-178.
75. Pham, T.H., Rabaey, K., Aelterman, P., Clauwaert, P., Schamphelaire, L.D., Boon, N., Verstraete, W., 2006. Microbial fuel cells in relation to conventional anaerobic digestion technology. Eng. Life Sci. 6 (3), 285-292.
76. Potter, M.C., 1911. Electrical effects accompanying the decomposition of organic compounds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 84, 160-276.
77. Rabaey, K., Boon, N., Siciliano, S.D., Verhaege, M., Verstraete, W., 2004. Biofuel cells select for microbial consortia that self-mediate electron transfer. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 5373-5382.
78. Rabaey, K., Lissens, G., Siciliano, S.D., Verstraete, W., 2003. A microbial fuel cell capable of converting glucose to electricity at high rate and efficiency. Biotechnol. Lett. 25, 1531-1535.
79. Rabaey, K., Rodríguez, J., Blackall, L.L., Keller, J., Gross, P., Batstone, D., Verstraete, W., Nealson, K.H., 2007. Microbial ecology meets electrochemistry: electricity driven and driving communities. ISME J. 1, 9-18.
80. Rabaey, K., Van de Sompel, K., Maignien, L., Boon, N., Aelterman, P., Clauwaert, P., De Schamphelaire, L., Pham, H.T., Vermeulen, J., Verhaege, M., Lens, P., Verstraete, W., 2006. Microbial fuel cells for sulfide removal. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 5218-5224.
81. Ren, Z., Steinburg, L.M., Regan, J.M., 2008. Electricity production and microbial biofilm characterization in cellulose-fed microbial fuel cells. Water Sci. Technol. 58 (3), 617-622.
82. Ren, Z., Ward, T.E., Regan, J.M., 2007. Electricity production from cellulose in a microbial fuel cell using a defined binary culture. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 4781-4786.
83. Rezaei, F., Richard, T.L., Logan, B.E., 2009a. Analysis of chitin particle size on maximum power generation, power longevity, and Coulombic efficiency in solid-substrate microbial fuel cells. J. Power Sources 192, 304-309.
84. Rezaei, F., Xing, D., Wagner, R., Regan, J.M., Richard, T.L., Logan, B.E., 2009b. Simultaneous cellulose degradation and electricity production by Enterobacter cloacae in a microbial fuel cell. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75 (11), 3673-3678.
85. Rismani-Yazdi, H., Carver, S.M., Christy, A.D., Tuovinen, A.H., 2008. Cathodic limitations in microbial fuel cells: an overview. J. Power Sources 180, 683-694.
86. Rismani-Yazdi, H., Christy, A.D., Dehority, B.A., Morrison, M., Yu, Z., Tuovinen, O.H., 2007. Electricity generation from cellulose by rumen microorganisms in microbial fuel cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 97 (6), 1398-1407.
87. Rodrigo, M.A., Cañizares, P., García, H., Linares, J.J., Lobato, J., 2009. Study of the acclimation stage and of the effect of the biodegradability on the performance of a microbial fuel cell. Biores. Technol. 100, 4704-4710.
88. Rodrigo, M.A., Cañizares, P., Lobato, J., Paz, R., Sáez, C., Linares, J.J., 2007. Production of electricity from the treatment of urban waste water using a microbial fuel cell. J. Power Sources 169, 198-204.
89. Rosenbaum, M., Schröder, U., Scholz, F., 2005. Utilizing the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for microbial electricity generation: a living solar cell. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32, 753-756.
90. Rozendal, R.A., Hamelers, H.V.M., Rabaey, K., Keller, J., Buisman, C.J.N., 2008. Towards practical implementation of bioelectrochemical wastewater treatment. Trends Biotechnol. 26 (8), 450-459.
91. Scott, K., Murano, C., 2007. A study of a microbial fuel cell battery using manure sludge waste. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 82, 809-817.
92. Selembo, P.A., Merril, M.D., Logan, B.E., 2009. The use of stainless steel and nickel alloys as low-cost cathodes in microbial electrolysis cells. J. Power Sources 190, 271-278.
93. Strik, D.P.B.T.B., Hamelers, H.V.M., Snel, J.F.H., Buisman, C.J.N., 2008a. Green electricity production with living plants and bacteria in a fuel cell. Int. J. Energy Res. 32 (9), 870-876.
94. Strik, D.P.B.T.B., Terlouw, H., Hamelers, H.V.M., Buisman, C.J.N., 2008b. Renewable sustainable biocatalyzed electricity production in a photosynthetic algal microbial fuel cell (PAMFC). Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 81, 659-668.
95. Sun, J., Hu, Y.-Y., Bi, Z., Cao, Y.-Q., 2009a. Simultaneous decolorization of azo dye and bioelectricity generation using a microfiltration membrane air-cathode single chamber microbial fuel cell. Biores. Technol. 100, 3185-3192.
96. Sun, M., Sheng, G.-P., Mu, Z.-X., Liu, X.-W., Chen, Y.-Z., Wang, H.-L., Yu, H.-Q., 2009b. Manipulating the hydrogen production from acetate in a microbial electrolysis cell-microbial fuel cell-coupled system. J. Power Sources 191, 338-343.
97. Tender, L.M., Gray, S.M., Groveman, E., Lowy, D.A., Kauffman, P., Melhado, J., Tyce, R.C., Flynn, D., Petrecca, R., Dobarro, J., 2008. The first demonstration of a microbial fuel cell as a viable power supply: powering a meteorological buoy. J. Power Sources 179, 571-575.
98. Van Bogaert, G., Pant, D., Vanbroekhoven, K., 2009. Novel materials for microbial fuel cells. In: European Fuel Cell Forum 2009, 29 June-2 July 2009. Lucerne, Switzerland, pp. 1-17.
99. Velasquez-Orta, S., Curtis, T.P., Logan, B.E., 2009. Energy from algae using microbial fuel cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 103 (6), 1068-1076.
100. Venkata Mohan, S., Mohanakrishna, G., Reddy, B.P., Saravanan, R., Sarma, P.N., 2008a. Bioelectricity generation from chemical wastewater treatment in mediatorless (anode) microbial fuel cell (MFC) using selectively enriched hydrogen producing mixed culture under acidophilic microenvironment. Biochem. Eng. J. 39, 121-130.
101. Venkata Mohan, S., Saravanan, R., Veer Raghavulu, S., Mohanakrishna, G., Sarma, P.N., 2008b. Bioelectricity production from wastewater treatment in dual chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) using selectively enriched mixed microflora: effect of catholyte. Biores. Technol. 99, 596-603.
102. Venkata Mohan, S., Srikanth, S., Veer Raghuvulu, S., Mohanakrishna, G., Kumar, A.K., Sarma, P.N., 2009. Evaluation of the potential of various aquatic eco-systems in harnessing bioelectricity through benthic fuel cell: effect of electrode assembly and water characteristics. Biores. Technol. 100, 2240-2246.
103. Vijayaraghavan, K., Ahmad, D., Lesa, R., 2006. Electrolytic treatment of beer brewery wastewater. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45, 6854-6859.
104. Wang, X., Feng, Y., Ren, N., Wang, H., Lee, H., Li, N., Zhao, Q., 2009a. Accelerated start-up of two-chambered microbial fuel cells: effect of positive poised potential. Electrochem. Acta 54, 1109-1114.
105. Wang, X., Feng, Y., Wang, H., Qu, Y., Yu, Y., Ren, N., Li, N., Wang, E., Lee, H., Logan, B.E., 2009b. Bioaugmentation for electricity generation from corn stover biomass using microbial fuel cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 (15), 6088-6093.
106. WERF, Water Environment Research Foundation, 2009. Energy opportunities in wastewater and biosolids. (accessed 23.09.09.).
107. Wen, Q., Wu, Y., Cao, D., Zhao, L., Sun, Q., 2009. Electricity generation and modeling of microbial fuel cell from continuous beer brewery wastewater. Biores. Technol. 100, 4171-4175.
108. Xing, D.F., Zuo, Y., Cheng, S., Regan, J.M., Logan, B.E., 2008. Electricity generation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 4146-4151.
109. You, S.-J., Ren, N.-Qi., Zhao, Q.-L., Kiely, P.D., Wang, J.-Y., Yang, F.-L., Fu, L., Peng, L., 2009. Improving phosphate buffer-free cathode performance of microbial fuel cell based on biological nitrification. Biosens. Bioelectron. 24, 3698-3701.
110. Zhang, J.N., Zhao, Q.L., You, S.J., Jiang, J.Q., Ren, N.Q., 2008. Continuous electricity production from leachate in a novel upflow air-cathode membrane-free microbial fuel cell. Water Sci. Technol. 57 (7), 1017-1021.
111. Zhang, F., Cheng, S., Pant, D., Van Bogaert, G., Logan, B.E., 2009a. Power generation using an activated carbon and metal mesh cathode in a microbial fuel cell. Electrochem. Commun. 11, 2177-2179.
112. Zhang, L., Liu, C., Zhuang, L., Li, W., Zhou, S., Zhang, J., 2009b. Manganese dioxide as an alternative cathodic catalyst to platinum in microbial fuel cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 24, 2825-2829.
113. Zhao, F., Rahunen, N., Varcoe, J.R., Roberts, A.J., Avignone-Rossa, C., Thumser, A.E., Slade, R.C.T., 2009. Factors affecting the performance of microbial fuel cells for sulfur pollutants removal. Biosens. Bioelectron. 24, 1931-1936.
114. Zhu, X., Ni, Z., 2009. Simultaneous processes of electricity generation and pnitrophenol degradation in a microbial fuel cell. Electrochem. Commun. 11, 274-277.
115. Zuo, Y., Maness, P.-C., Logan, B.E., 2006. Electricity production from steam-exploded corn stover biomass. Energy Fuels 20 (4), 1716-1721.