메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 897-910

Consensus guidelines on evaluation and management of suspected acute viral encephalitis in children in India

Author keywords

Child; Encephalitis; Guidelines; India; Investigations; Management

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; ARTESUNATE; BENZODIAZEPINE; CEFTRIAXONE; CORTICOSTEROID; DEXAMETHASONE; DIAZEPAM; INFUSION FLUID; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE; LORAZEPAM; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MIDAZOLAM; PHENYTOIN; STEROID;

EID: 84874409335     PISSN: 00196061     EISSN: 09747559     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13312-012-0216-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 84859857961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of suspected viral encephalitis in children - Association of British Neurologists and British Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Infection Group National Guidelines
    • 22120594 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.11.013 1:STN:280:DC%2BC38zotVKltg%3D%3D
    • Kneen R, Michael BD, Menson E, Mehta B, Easton A, Hemingway C, et al. Management of suspected viral encephalitis in children - Association of British Neurologists and British Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Infection Group National Guidelines. J Infect. 2012;64:449-477.
    • (2012) J Infect , vol.64 , pp. 449-477
    • Kneen, R.1    Michael, B.D.2    Menson, E.3    Mehta, B.4    Easton, A.5    Hemingway, C.6
  • 2
    • 84874408771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Oraganisation January 2006. From WHO-recommended standards for surveillance of selected vaccine-preventable diseases. WHO/V&B/03.01 Accessed on 8 August
    • World Health Oraganisation. Acute Encephalitis Syndrome. Japanese encephalitis surveillance standards. January 2006. From WHO-recommended standards for surveillance of selected vaccine-preventable diseases. WHO/V&B/03.01. Available from: http://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/ DocsPDF06/843.pdf. Accessed on 8 August, 2012.
    • (2012) Acute Encephalitis Syndrome. Japanese Encephalitis Surveillance Standards
  • 3
    • 77955982037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arboviral encephalitides: Transmission, emergence, and pathogenesis
    • 20652430 10.1007/s11481-010-9234-7
    • Hollidge BS, Gonzalez-Scarano F, Soldan SS. Arboviral encephalitides: transmission, emergence, and pathogenesis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol.2010; 5:428-442.
    • (2010) J Neuroimmune Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 428-442
    • Hollidge, B.S.1    Gonzalez-Scarano, F.2    Soldan, S.S.3
  • 4
    • 64249137758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteroviruses in patients with acute encephalitis, Uttar Pradesh, India
    • 19193277 10.3201/eid1502.080865 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjt1ert7Y%3D
    • Sapkal GN, Bondre VP, Fulmali PV, Patil P, Gopalkrishna V, Dadhania V, et al. Enteroviruses in patients with acute encephalitis, Uttar Pradesh, India. Emerg Infect Dis.2009; 15:295-298.
    • (2009) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 295-298
    • Sapkal, G.N.1    Bondre, V.P.2    Fulmali, P.V.3    Patil, P.4    Gopalkrishna, V.5    Dadhania, V.6
  • 5
    • 51349114234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of acute febrile encephalopathy with special reference to viral etiology
    • 18769890 10.1007/s12098-008-0150-2 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1crotFShsg%3D%3D
    • Karmarkar SA, Aneja S, Khare S, Saini A, Seth A, Chauhan BK. A study of acute febrile encephalopathy with special reference to viral etiology. Indian J Pediatr. 2008; 75:801-805.
    • (2008) Indian J Pediatr , vol.75 , pp. 801-805
    • Karmarkar, S.A.1    Aneja, S.2    Khare, S.3    Saini, A.4    Seth, A.5    Chauhan, B.K.6
  • 6
    • 4544260327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large outbreak of acute encephalitis with high fatality rate in children in Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2003, associated with Chandipura virus
    • 15351194 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16982-1 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2cvkvFShuw%3D%3D
    • Rao BL, Basu A, Wairagkar NS, Gore MM, Arankalle VA, Thakare JP, et al. A large outbreak of acute encephalitis with high fatality rate in children in Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2003, associated with Chandipura virus. Lancet.2004; 364:869-874.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 869-874
    • Rao, B.L.1    Basu, A.2    Wairagkar, N.S.3    Gore, M.M.4    Arankalle, V.A.5    Thakare, J.P.6
  • 8
    • 33745447669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nipah/Hendra virus outbreak in Siliguri, West Bengal, India in 2001
    • 16783047 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28zms1yhuw%3D%3D
    • Harit AK, Ichhpujani RL, Gupta S, Gill KS, Lal S, Ganguly NK, et al. Nipah/Hendra virus outbreak in Siliguri, West Bengal, India in 2001. Indian J Med Res. 2006; 123:553-560.
    • (2006) Indian J Med Res , vol.123 , pp. 553-560
    • Harit, A.K.1    Ichhpujani, R.L.2    Gupta, S.3    Gill, K.S.4    Lal, S.5    Ganguly, N.K.6
  • 9
    • 33847231843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chikungunya epidemic: An Indian perspective
    • 17343016 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s7ktlGltQ%3D%3D
    • Kalantri SP, Joshi R, Riley LW. Chikungunya epidemic: an Indian perspective. Natl Med J India. 2006; 19:315-322.
    • (2006) Natl Med J India , vol.19 , pp. 315-322
    • Kalantri, S.P.1    Joshi, R.2    Riley, L.W.3
  • 10
    • 43049114145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dengue encephalopathy in children in Northern India: Clinical features and comparison with non dengue
    • 18222482 10.1016/j.jns.2007.12.018
    • Kumar R, Tripathi S, Tambe JJ, Arora V, Srivastava A, Nag VL. Dengue encephalopathy in children in Northern India: clinical features and comparison with non dengue. J Neurol Sci. 2008; 269:41-48.
    • (2008) J Neurol Sci , vol.269 , pp. 41-48
    • Kumar, R.1    Tripathi, S.2    Tambe, J.J.3    Arora, V.4    Srivastava, A.5    Nag, V.L.6
  • 11
    • 79955627508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: New infection or reactivation?
    • 21483260 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328346be6f
    • Steiner I. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: new infection or reactivation? Curr Opin Neurol. 2011; 24:268-274.
    • (2011) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 268-274
    • Steiner, I.1
  • 12
    • 78649445081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: A multicentre, population-based prospective study
    • 20952256 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70222-X
    • Granerod J, Ambrose HE, Davies NW, Clewley JP, Walsh AL, Morgan D, et al. Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010; 10:835-844.
    • (2010) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.10 , pp. 835-844
    • Granerod, J.1    Ambrose, H.E.2    Davies, N.W.3    Clewley, J.P.4    Walsh, A.L.5    Morgan, D.6
  • 13
    • 0035379994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of measles virus from cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute encephalopathy without rash
    • 11418724 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FnsVKntA%3D%3D
    • Wairagkar NS, Shaikh NJ, Ratho RK, Ghosh D, Mahajan RC, Singhi S, et al. Isolation of measles virus from cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute encephalopathy without rash. Indian Pediatr.2001; 38:589-595.
    • (2001) Indian Pediatr , vol.38 , pp. 589-595
    • Wairagkar, N.S.1    Shaikh, N.J.2    Ratho, R.K.3    Ghosh, D.4    Mahajan, R.C.5    Singhi, S.6
  • 14
    • 0038389501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encephalopathy without rash, caused by measles virus? More evidence is needed
    • 12824678
    • John TJ. Encephalopathy without rash, caused by measles virus? More evidence is needed. Indian Pediatr. 2003; 40:589-593.
    • (2003) Indian Pediatr , vol.40 , pp. 589-593
    • John, T.J.1
  • 15
    • 0037417685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inadequate research facilities fail to tackle mystery disease
    • 12516612 10.1136/bmj.326.7379.12/d
    • Kumar S. Inadequate research facilities fail to tackle mystery disease. BMJ. 2003; 326:12.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 12
    • Kumar, S.1
  • 16
    • 68549121126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: Part 2
    • 19752295 10.1001/archneurol.2009.189
    • Tyler KL. Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 2. Arch Neurol. 2009; 66:1065-1074.
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 1065-1074
    • Tyler, K.L.1
  • 17
    • 68549121126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: Part 1
    • 19667214 10.1001/archneurol.2009.153
    • Tyler KL. Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 1. Arch Neurol. 2009; 66:939-948.
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 939-948
    • Tyler, K.L.1
  • 21
    • 70350445692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic characterization of Bagaza virus (BAGV) isolated in India and evidence of anti-BAGV antibodies in sera collected from encephalitis patients
    • 19570951 10.1099/vir.0.012336-0 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtl2qtLjL
    • Bondre VP, Sapkal GN, Yergolkar PN, Fulmali PV, Sankararaman V, Ayachit VM, et al. Genetic characterization of Bagaza virus (BAGV) isolated in India and evidence of anti-BAGV antibodies in sera collected from encephalitis patients. J Gen Virol. 2009;90:2644-2649.
    • (2009) J Gen Virol , vol.90 , pp. 2644-2649
    • Bondre, V.P.1    Sapkal, G.N.2    Yergolkar, P.N.3    Fulmali, P.V.4    Sankararaman, V.5    Ayachit, V.M.6
  • 22
    • 79956330905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An epidemic of encephalitis associated with human enterovirus B in Uttar Pradesh, India, 2008
    • 21444241 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.02.011
    • Kumar A, Shukla D, Kumar R, Idris MZ, Misra UK, Dhole TN. An epidemic of encephalitis associated with human enterovirus B in Uttar Pradesh, India, 2008. J Clin Virol. 2011; 51:142-145.
    • (2011) J Clin Virol , vol.51 , pp. 142-145
    • Kumar, A.1    Shukla, D.2    Kumar, R.3    Idris, M.Z.4    Misra, U.K.5    Dhole, T.N.6
  • 23
    • 33845459637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond viruses: Clinical profiles and etiologies associated with encephalitis
    • 17109290 10.1086/509330 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28nntVKnsw%3D%3D
    • Glaser CA, Honarmand S, Anderson LJ, Schnurr DP, Forghani B, Cossen CK, et al. Beyond viruses: clinical profiles and etiologies associated with encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006; 43:1565-1577.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.43 , pp. 1565-1577
    • Glaser, C.A.1    Honarmand, S.2    Anderson, L.J.3    Schnurr, D.P.4    Forghani, B.5    Cossen, C.K.6
  • 24
    • 34447523696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cassia occidentalis poisoning causes fatal coma in children in western Uttar Pradesh
    • 17684305
    • Vashishtha VM, Kumar A, John TJ, Nayak NC. Cassia occidentalis poisoning causes fatal coma in children in western Uttar Pradesh. Indian Pediatr.2007; 44:522-525.
    • (2007) Indian Pediatr , vol.44 , pp. 522-525
    • Vashishtha, V.M.1    Kumar, A.2    John, T.J.3    Nayak, N.C.4
  • 25
    • 4043126101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat hyperpyrexia: Time to act
    • 15243168 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2czktVOqsg%3D%3D
    • Sriramachari S. Heat hyperpyrexia: time to act. Indian J Med Res.2004; 119:vii-x.
    • (2004) Indian J Med Res , vol.119
    • Sriramachari, S.1
  • 26
    • 0032727394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of an epidemic of Reye's syndrome in northern region of India
    • 10745330 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3htFGhuw%3D%3D
    • Ghosh D, Dhadwal D, Aggarwal A, Mitra S, Garg SK, Kumar R, et al. Investigation of an epidemic of Reye's syndrome in northern region of India. Indian Pediatr.1999;36:1097-1106.
    • (1999) Indian Pediatr , vol.36 , pp. 1097-1106
    • Ghosh, D.1    Dhadwal, D.2    Aggarwal, A.3    Mitra, S.4    Garg, S.K.5    Kumar, R.6
  • 27
    • 0020726003 scopus 로고
    • Acute encephalopathy in children in Nagpur: Similarity to Reye's syndrome
    • 6618571 10.1007/BF02821430 1:STN:280:DyaL2c%2Fgs1Ortg%3D%3D
    • John TJ, Date A, Patoria NK. Acute encephalopathy in children in Nagpur: similarity to Reye's syndrome. Indian J Pediatr. 1983; 50:129-132.
    • (1983) Indian J Pediatr , vol.50 , pp. 129-132
    • John, T.J.1    Date, A.2    Patoria, N.K.3
  • 28
    • 0141522678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of killer brain disease in children: Mystery or missed diagnosis?
    • 14530546
    • John TJ. Outbreak of killer brain disease in children: mystery or missed diagnosis? Indian Pediatr. 2003;40:863-869.
    • (2003) Indian Pediatr , vol.40 , pp. 863-869
    • John, T.J.1
  • 29
    • 84874423167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PATH, November Accessed on 3 August, 2012
    • Japanese Encephalitis Clinical Care Guidelines. PATH, November, 2006. Available from: www.path.org/vaccineresources/filesJE-clinical-care-guidelines- PATH.pdf. Accessed on 3 August, 2012.
    • (2006) Japanese Encephalitis Clinical Care Guidelines
  • 30
    • 84874404782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of HealthFamily Welfare, Government of India. Government of India New Delhi
    • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Facility-based IMNCI (F-IMNCI) Participants Manual. Government of India, New Delhi, 2009. Available from: www.unicef.org/india/FBC-Participants-Manual.pdf. Accessed on 3 August, 2012.
    • (2009) Facility-based IMNCI (F-IMNCI) Participants Manual
  • 31
    • 10944233667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular diagnosis of CNS viral infections
    • 15607987 10.1136/jnnp.2004.051698 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2cnjt1Gmug%3D%3D
    • Davis LE, Tyler KL. Molecular diagnosis of CNS viral infections. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005; 76:10.
    • (2005) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.76 , pp. 10
    • Davis, L.E.1    Tyler, K.L.2
  • 33
    • 77951969872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute encephalopathy and encephalitis caused by influenza virus infection
    • 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328338f6c9
    • Wang GF, Li W, Li K. Acute encephalopathy and encephalitis caused by influenza virus infection. Curr Opin Neurol. 2001; 23:305-311.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 305-311
    • Wang, G.F.1    Li, W.2    Li, K.3
  • 35
    • 0015386032 scopus 로고
    • Meningitis and encephalitis associated with mumps infection. A 10-year survey
    • 5046780 10.1136/adc.47.254.647 1:STN:280:DyaE383ktFSqug%3D%3D
    • Johnstone JA, Ross CA, Dunn M. Meningitis and encephalitis associated with mumps infection. A 10-year survey. Arch Dis Child. 1972; 47:647-651.
    • (1972) Arch Dis Child , vol.47 , pp. 647-651
    • Johnstone, J.A.1    Ross, C.A.2    Dunn, M.3
  • 36
    • 33947150946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 12-year prospective study of childhood herpes simplex encephalitis: Is there a broader spectrum of disease?
    • 17272602 10.1542/peds.2006-1494
    • Elbers JM, Bitnun A, Richardson SE, Ford-Jones EL, Tellier R, Wald RM, et al. A 12-year prospective study of childhood herpes simplex encephalitis: is there a broader spectrum of disease? Pediatrics. 2007;119:e399-e407.
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119
    • Elbers, J.M.1    Bitnun, A.2    Richardson, S.E.3    Ford-Jones, E.L.4    Tellier, R.5    Wald, R.M.6
  • 38
    • 29844458730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approach to the comatose patient
    • 16374153 10.1097/01.CCM.0000194534.42661.9F
    • Stevens RD, Bhardwaj A. Approach to the comatose patient. Crit Care Med. 2006; 34:31-41.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 31-41
    • Stevens, R.D.1    Bhardwaj, A.2
  • 39
    • 33746065315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
    • 16948943
    • Steer AC, Starr M, Kornberg AJ. Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Child Neurol. 2006; 21:533-534.
    • (2006) J Child Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 533-534
    • Steer, A.C.1    Starr, M.2    Kornberg, A.J.3
  • 41
    • 84874423305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Philadelphia
    • Brazis PW, Biller J. Coma. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2001.
    • (2001) Coma
    • Brazis, P.W.1    Biller, J.2
  • 42
    • 77957953975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71
    • 20965438 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70209-X
    • Ooi MH, Wong SC, Lewthwaite P, Cardosa MJ, Solomon T. Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71. Lancet Neurol. 2010; 9:1097-1105.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 1097-1105
    • Ooi, M.H.1    Wong, S.C.2    Lewthwaite, P.3    Cardosa, M.J.4    Solomon, T.5
  • 43
    • 33745700400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features in children hospitalized during the 2005 epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in Uttar Pradesh, India
    • 16779737 10.1086/505121
    • Kumar R, Tripathi P, Singh S, Bannerji G. Clinical features in children hospitalized during the 2005 epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in Uttar Pradesh, India. Clin Infect Dis. 2006; 43:123-131.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.43 , pp. 123-131
    • Kumar, R.1    Tripathi, P.2    Singh, S.3    Bannerji, G.4
  • 45
    • 1442284348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serodiagnosis of flaviviral infections and vaccinations in humans
    • 14714429 10.1016/S0065-3527(03)61001-8
    • Kuno G. Serodiagnosis of flaviviral infections and vaccinations in humans. Adv Virus Res. 2003; 61:3-65.
    • (2003) Adv Virus Res , vol.61 , pp. 3-65
    • Kuno, G.1
  • 46
    • 77956853886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of a virus-specific continuous B-cell epitope on the PrM/M protein of Japanese encephalitis virus: Potential application in the detection of antibodies to distinguish Japanese encephalitis virus infection from West Nile virus and Dengue virus infections
    • 10.1186/1743-422X-7-249
    • Hua R, Chen N, Qin C, Deng Y, Ge J, Wang X, et al. Identification and characterization of a virus-specific continuous B-cell epitope on the PrM/M protein of Japanese encephalitis virus: potential application in the detection of antibodies to distinguish Japanese encephalitis virus infection from West Nile virus and Dengue virus infections. Virology J. 2010; 7:249.
    • (2010) Virology J , vol.7 , pp. 249
    • Hua, R.1    Chen, N.2    Qin, C.3    Deng, Y.4    Ge, J.5    Wang, X.6
  • 48
    • 84884585159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic saline for cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure
    • 14964472 10.3949/ccjm.71.Suppl-1.S9
    • Suarez JI. Hypertonic saline for cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004; 71Suppl 1:S9-S13.
    • (2004) Cleve Clin J Med , vol.71 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Suarez, J.I.1
  • 49
    • 33645110309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cerebral edema
    • 16534443 10.1097/01.nrl.0000186810.62736.f0
    • Rabinstein AA. Treatment of cerebral edema. Neurologist. 2006; 12:59-73.
    • (2006) Neurologist , vol.12 , pp. 59-73
    • Rabinstein, A.A.1
  • 50
    • 27444445518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of combination therapy using aciclovir and corticosteroid in adult patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis
    • 16227548 10.1136/jnnp.2004.049676 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2MrltFSmsg%3D%3D
    • Kamei S, Sekizawa T, Shiota H, Mizutani T, Itoyama Y, Takasu T, et al. Evaluation of combination therapy using aciclovir and corticosteroid in adult patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.2005; 76:1544-1549.
    • (2005) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.76 , pp. 1544-1549
    • Kamei, S.1    Sekizawa, T.2    Shiota, H.3    Mizutani, T.4    Itoyama, Y.5    Takasu, T.6
  • 51
    • 58149101118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol for German trial of acyclovir and corticosteroids in Herpes-simplex-virus-encephalitis (GACHE): A multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled German, Austrian and Dutch trial (ISRCTN45122933)
    • 18959773 10.1186/1471-2377-8-40
    • Martinez-Torres F, Menon S, Pritsch M, Victor N, Jenetzky E, Jensen K, et al. Protocol for German trial of acyclovir and corticosteroids in Herpes-simplex-virus-encephalitis (GACHE): a multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled German, Austrian and Dutch trial (ISRCTN45122933). BMC Neurol. 2008; 8:40.
    • (2008) BMC Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 40
    • Martinez-Torres, F.1    Menon, S.2    Pritsch, M.3    Victor, N.4    Jenetzky, E.5    Jensen, K.6
  • 52
    • 0026684580 scopus 로고
    • Effect of high-dose dexamethasone on the outcome of acute encephalitis due to Japanese encephalitis virus
    • 1313068 10.1093/infdis/165.4.631
    • Hoke CH Jr., Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Intralawan P, Poolsuppasit S, Jongsawas V, et al. Effect of high-dose dexamethasone on the outcome of acute encephalitis due to Japanese encephalitis virus. J Infect Dis. 1992; 165:631-637.
    • (1992) J Infect Dis , vol.165 , pp. 631-637
    • Hoke, Jr.C.H.1    Vaughn, D.W.2    Nisalak, A.3    Intralawan, P.4    Poolsuppasit, S.5    Jongsawas, V.6
  • 53
    • 77954631081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral meningoencephalitis: A review of diagnostic methods and guidelines for management
    • 20236175 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02970.x 1:STN:280: DC%2BC3cnpsFKjtA%3D%3D
    • Steiner I, Budka H, Chaudhuri A, Koskiniemi M, Sainio K, Salonen O, et al. Viral meningoencephalitis: a review of diagnostic methods and guidelines for management. Eur J Neurol. 2010; 17:999-e957.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17
    • Steiner, I.1    Budka, H.2    Chaudhuri, A.3    Koskiniemi, M.4    Sainio, K.5    Salonen, O.6
  • 54
    • 0035245212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of potentially life-threatening enterovirus infections with pleconaril
    • 11170912 10.1086/318452 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtlGrsb4%3D
    • Rotbart HA, Webster AD. Treatment of potentially life-threatening enterovirus infections with pleconaril. Clin Infect Dis. 2001; 32:228-235.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 228-235
    • Rotbart, H.A.1    Webster, A.D.2
  • 55
    • 33747793073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of cytokine production by intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with enterovirus 71-associated brainstem encephalitis
    • 16861032 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.05.009 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XoslOnsb0%3D
    • Wang SM, Lei HY, Huang MC, Su LY, Lin HC, Yu CK, et al. Modulation of cytokine production by intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with enterovirus 71-associated brainstem encephalitis. J Clin Virol. 2006; 37:47-52.
    • (2006) J Clin Virol , vol.37 , pp. 47-52
    • Wang, S.M.1    Lei, H.Y.2    Huang, M.C.3    Su, L.Y.4    Lin, H.C.5    Yu, C.K.6
  • 56
    • 58749115381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, controlled trial of oral ribavirin for Japanese encephalitis in children in Uttar Pradesh, India
    • 19143532 10.1086/596309 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXisFWlu7Y%3D
    • Kumar R, Tripathi P, Baranwal M, Singh S, Tripathi S, Banerjee G. Randomized, controlled trial of oral ribavirin for Japanese encephalitis in children in Uttar Pradesh, India. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:400-406.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.48 , pp. 400-406
    • Kumar, R.1    Tripathi, P.2    Baranwal, M.3    Singh, S.4    Tripathi, S.5    Banerjee, G.6
  • 57
    • 78649641870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline differentially modulates viral infection and persistence in an experimental model of Japanese encephalitis
    • 20635157 10.1007/s11481-010-9233-8
    • Dutta K, Kumawat KL, Nazmi A, Mishra MK, Basu A. Minocycline differentially modulates viral infection and persistence in an experimental model of Japanese encephalitis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2010; 5:553-565.
    • (2010) J Neuroimmune Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 553-565
    • Dutta, K.1    Kumawat, K.L.2    Nazmi, A.3    Mishra, M.K.4    Basu, A.5
  • 58
    • 34547115210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating outbreaks of uncertain aetiologies
    • 17598935
    • George K. Investigating outbreaks of uncertain aetiologies. Indian J Med Res. 2007;125:505-507.
    • (2007) Indian J Med Res , vol.125 , pp. 505-507
    • George, K.1
  • 59
    • 33747753182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japanese encephalitis vaccines
    • Japanese encephalitis vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2006;81:331-340.
    • (2006) Wkly Epidemiol Rec , vol.81 , pp. 331-340
  • 60
    • 77949702062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japanese encephalitis vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Fischer M, Lindsey N, Staples JE, Hills S. Japanese encephalitis vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010; 59:1-27.
    • (2010) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.59 , pp. 1-27
    • Fischer, M.1    Lindsey, N.2    Staples, J.E.3    Hills, S.4
  • 61
    • 79953245621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Japanese encephalitis vaccines: Alternatives to production in mouse brain
    • 21434803 10.1586/erv.11.7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjslCltbk%3D
    • Halstead SB, Thomas SJ. New Japanese encephalitis vaccines: alternatives to production in mouse brain. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2011;10:355-364.
    • (2011) Expert Rev Vaccines , vol.10 , pp. 355-364
    • Halstead, S.B.1    Thomas, S.J.2
  • 62
    • 84874427454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indian Academy of Pediatrics Accessed on 8 August, 2012
    • Indian Academy of Pediatrics. IAP Guidebook on Immunization, IAP, Mumbai, 2009. Available from: http://www.indg.in/health/child-health/ IAP%20GUIDE%20BOOK%20ON%20IMMUNIZATION%202009-2011.-pdf. Accessed on 8 August, 2012.
    • (2009) IAP Guidebook on Immunization, IAP, Mumbai
  • 63
    • 84874425640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Government of India Immunization Division Department of Family Welfare, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; September 2010 Accessed on 11 October, 2012
    • Government of India. Operational Guide Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination in India. Immunization Division Department of Family Welfare, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; September 2010. Available from http://health.bih.nic.in/Docs/Guidelines-Japanese-Encephalitis.pdf. Accessed on 11 October, 2012.
    • Operational Guide Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination in India
  • 64
    • 63849126533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of one dose of SA 14-14-2 vaccine against Japanese encephalitis
    • 19339732 10.1056/NEJMc0808664 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjvFGgsbs%3D
    • Kumar R, Tripathi P, Rizvi A. Effectiveness of one dose of SA 14-14-2 vaccine against Japanese encephalitis. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360:1465-1466.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 1465-1466
    • Kumar, R.1    Tripathi, P.2    Rizvi, A.3
  • 65
    • 78049477398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indian Council of Medical Research Accessed on March 28
    • Indian Council of Medical Research. Minutes of the meeting of the Core Committee on Vaccines. Available from: http://www.icmr.nic.in/ minutesMinutes%20Core%20Committee%20on%20Vaccines.pdf. Accessed on March 28, 2012.
    • (2012) Minutes of the Meeting of the Core Committee on Vaccines


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.