A 12-year prospective study of childhood herpes simplex encephalitis: Is there a broader spectrum of disease?

Pediatrics

Volumn 119, Issue 2, 2007, Pages

  Elbers, Jorina M ^a   Bitnun, Ari ^a   Richardson, Susan E ^a   Ford Jones, Elizabeth L ^a   Tellier, Raymond ^a   Wald, Rachel M ^a   Petric, Martin ^a   Kolski, Hanna ^a,b   Heurter, Helen ^a   MacGregor, Daune ^a  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Children; Encephalitis; Herpes simplex virus

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DISEASE REGISTRY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INFANT; LABORATORY TEST; MALE; MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; PATHOGENESIS; PLEOCYTOSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROTEIN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEVEL; SEIZURE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENCEPHALITIS, HERPES SIMPLEX; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 33947150946     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 02105721     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-1494     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Whitley RJ, Kimberlin DW. Herpes simplex encephalitis: children and adolescents. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2005;16:17-23
2. Whitley RJ, Gnann JW. Viral encephalitis: familiar infections and emerging pathogens. Lancet. 2002;359:507-513
3. Lakeman FD, Whitley RJ. Diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis: application of polymerase chain reaction to cerebrospinal fluid from brain-biopsied patients and correlation with disease: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:857-863
4. Weil AA, Glaser CA, Amad Z, Forghani B. Patients with suspected herpes simplex encephalitis: rethinking an initial negative polymerase chain reaction result. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:1154-1157
5. Troendle-Atkins J, Demmler GJ, Buffone GJ. Rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis by using the polymerase chain reaction. J Pediatr. 1993;123:376-380
6. Rozenberg F, Lebon P. Amplification and characterization of herpesvirus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with acute encephalitis. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29:2412-2417
7. Johnson G, Nelson S, Petric M, Tellier R. Comprehensive PCR-based assay for detection and species identification of human herpesviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:3274-3279
8. Moser H, Behrens F, Ziegelmaier R, Hilfenhaus J, Mauler R. Correlation of herpes simplex virus antibody titers and specific lymphocyte stimulation in adult blood donors. J Clin Microbiol. 1981;13:36-41
9. Boos J, Esiri MM. Herpes simplex encephalitis. In: Boos J, Esiri MM, eds. Viral Encephalitis in Humans. 1st ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2003:41-60
10. Bitnun A, Ford-Jones EL, Petric M, et al. Acute childhood encephalitis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:1674-1684
11. Kolski H, Ford-Jones EL, Richardson S, et al. Etiology of acute childhood encephalitis at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, 1994-1995. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26:398-409
12. Koskiniemi M, Korppi M, Mustonen K, et al. Epidemiology of encephalitis in children: a prospective multicentre study. Eur J Pediatr. 1997;156:541-545
13. Corey L, Spear PG. Infections with herpes simplex viruses (2). N Engl J Med. 1986;314:749-757
14. Rantalaiho T, Farkkila M, Vaheri A, Koskiniemi M. Acute encephalitis from 1967 to 1991. J Neurol Sci. 2001;184:169-177
15. Whitley RJ, Soong SJ, Linneman C Jr, Liu C, Pazin G, Alford CA. Herpes simplex encephalitis: clinical assessment. JAMA. 1982;247:317-320
16. Guffond T, Dewilde A, Lobert PE, Caparros-Lefebvre D, Hober D, Wattre P. Significance and clinical relevance of the detection of herpes simplex virus DNA by the polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with presumed encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;18:744-749
17. Raschilas F, Wolff M, Delatour F, et al. Outcome of and prognostic factors for herpes simplex encephalitis in adult patients: results of a multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:254-260
18. Koskiniemi M, Vaheri A, Taskinen E. Cerebrospinal fluid alterations in herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Rev Infect Dis. 1984;6:608-618
19. Kennedy PG, Chaudhuri A. Herpes simplex encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;73:237-238
20. Lahat E, Barr J, Barkai G, Paret G, Brand N, Barzilai A. Long term neurological outcome of herpes encephalitis. Arch Dis Child. 1999;80:69-71
21. McGrath N, Anderson NE, Croxson MC, Powell KF. Herpes simplex encephalitis treated with acyclovir: diagnosis and long term outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997;63:321-326
22. Whitley RJ, Roizman B. Herpes simplex virus infections. Lancet. 2001;357:1513-1518
23. DeVincenzo JP, Thorne G. Mild herpes simplex encephalitis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction: a case report and review. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1994;13:662-664
24. Domingues RB, Tsanaclis AM, Pannuti CS, Mayo MS, Lakeman FD. Evaluation of the range of clinical presentations of herpes simplex encephalitis by using polymerase chain reaction assay of cerebrospinal fluid samples. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:86-91
25. Fodor PA, Levin MJ, Weinberg A, Sandberg E, Sylman J, Tyler KL. Atypical herpes simplex virus encephalitis diagnosed by PCR amplification of viral DNA from CSF. Neurology. 1998;51:554-559
26. Klapper PE, Cleator GM, Longson M. Mild forms of herpes encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984;47:1247-1250
27. Jeffery KJ, Read SJ, Peto TE, Mayon-White RT, Bangham CR. Diagnosis of viral infections of the central nervous system: clinical interpretation of PCR results. Lancet. 1997;349:313-317
28. Vahlne A, Edstrom S, Hanner P, Andersen O, Svennerholm B, Lycke E. Possible association of herpes simplex virus infection with demyelinating disease. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1985;47:16-21
29. Benseler SM, deVeber G, Hawkins C, et al. Angiographynegative primary central nervous system vasculitis in children: a newly recognized inflammatory central nervous system disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2159-2167
30. Ito T, Watanabe A, Akabane J. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis developed after acute herpetic gingivostomatitis. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2000;192:151-155
31. Kaji M, Kusuhara T, Ayabe M, Hino H, Shoji H, Nagao T. Survey of herpes simplex virus infections of the central nervous system, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, in the Kyushu and Okinawa regions of Japan. Mult Scler. 1996;2:83-87
32. Davies NW, Brown LJ, Gonde J, et al. Factors influencing PCR detection of viruses in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with suspected CNS infections. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:82-87