메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 1056-1067

Pseudomonas fluorescens -like bacteria from the stomach: A microbiological and molecular study

Author keywords

Acid tolerant bacteria; Antral biopsy; Helicobacter pylori; HSP60; Nested polymerase chain reaction; Pseudomonas fluorescens

Indexed keywords

CHAPERONIN 60; GENOMIC DNA; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; OXIDOREDUCTASE; RIBOSOME DNA; RNA 16S; UREASE;

EID: 84874348914     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i7.1056     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 0021259505 scopus 로고
    • Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration
    • [PMID: 6145023 DOI: 10.1016/S01406736(84)91816-6]
    • Marshall BJ, Warren JR. Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. Lancet 1984; 1: 1311-1315 [PMID: 6145023 DOI: 10.1016/S01406736(84)91816-6]
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1311-1315
    • Marshall, B.J.1    Warren, J.R.2
  • 2
    • 0026643058 scopus 로고
    • Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal disease
    • [PMID: 1580578 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.001031]
    • Cover TL, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal disease. Annu Rev Med 1992; 43: 135-145 [PMID: 1580578 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.001031]
    • (1992) Annu Rev Med , vol.43 , pp. 135-145
    • Cover, T.L.1    Blaser, M.J.2
  • 3
    • 0030033450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helicobacter pylori and gastric acid: Biological and therapeutic implications
    • [PMID: 8608904 DOI:10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8608904]
    • McGowan CC, Cover TL, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and gastric acid: biological and therapeutic implications. Gastroenterology 1996; 110: 926-938 [PMID: 8608904 DOI: 10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8608904]
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.110 , pp. 926-938
    • McGowan, C.C.1    Cover, T.L.2    Blaser, M.J.3
  • 4
    • 0016747490 scopus 로고
    • Mucosal changes in gastric ulceration and their response to carbenoxolone sodium
    • [PMID: 810394 DOI: 10.1136/gut.16.8.590]
    • Steer HW, Colin-Jones DG. Mucosal changes in gastric ulceration and their response to carbenoxolone sodium. Gut 1975; 16: 590-597 [PMID: 810394 DOI: 10.1136/gut.16.8.590]
    • (1975) Gut , vol.16 , pp. 590-597
    • Steer, H.W.1    Colin-Jones, D.G.2
  • 5
    • 0343067125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interference of Pseudomonas strains in the identification of Helicobacter pylori
    • [PMID: 10722321]
    • Domínguez-Bello MG, Reyes N, Teppa-Garrán A, Romero R. Interference of Pseudomonas strains in the identification of Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 937 [PMID: 10722321]
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 937
    • Domínguez-Bello, M.G.1    Reyes, N.2    Teppa-Garrán, A.3    Romero, R.4
  • 6
    • 0034006865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori from stomachs of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) with gastritis
    • [PMID: 10711437]
    • Khanolkar-Gaitonde SS, Reubish GK, Lee CK, Stadtländer CT. Isolation of bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori from stomachs of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) with gastritis. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45: 272-280 [PMID: 10711437]
    • (2000) Dig Dis Sci , vol.45 , pp. 272-280
    • Khanolkar-Gaitonde, S.S.1    Reubish, G.K.2    Lee, C.K.3    Stadtländer, C.T.4
  • 7
    • 0033857550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiling of bacterial flora in gastric biopsies from patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and histologically normal control individuals by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis
    • [PMID: 10966230]
    • Monstein HJ, Tiveljung A, Kraft CH, Borch K, Jonasson J. Profiling of bacterial flora in gastric biopsies from patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and histologically normal control individuals by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. J Med Microbiol 2000; 49: 817-822 [PMID: 10966230]
    • (2000) J Med Microbiol , vol.49 , pp. 817-822
    • Monstein, H.J.1    Tiveljung, A.2    Kraft, C.H.3    Borch, K.4    Jonasson, J.5
  • 8
    • 0015535298 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and identification of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida in the clinical laboratory
    • [PMID: 4631431]
    • Blazevic DJ, Koepcke MH, Matsen JM. Incidence and identification of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida in the clinical laboratory. Appl Microbiol 1973; 25: 107-110 [PMID: 4631431]
    • (1973) Appl Microbiol , vol.25 , pp. 107-110
    • Blazevic, D.J.1    Koepcke, M.H.2    Matsen, J.M.3
  • 9
    • 0003061402 scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas and Burkholderia
    • 6th ed. In:Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH, Washington: ASM Press
    • Gilligan PH. Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. 6th ed. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH. Manual of clinical microbiology. Washington: ASM Press, 1995: 509-519
    • (1995) Manual of Clinical Microbiology , pp. 509-519
    • Gilligan, P.H.1
  • 11
    • 38149016735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of nested PCR in detection of Helicobacter pylori targeting a highly conserved gene
    • [PMID: 18205663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00573.x]
    • Singh V, Mishra S, Rao GR, Jain AK, Dixit VK, Gulati AK, Mahajan D, McClelland M, Nath G. Evaluation of nested PCR in detection of Helicobacter pylori targeting a highly conserved gene: HSP60. Helicobacter 2008; 13: 30-34 [PMID: 18205663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00573.x]
    • (2008) HSP60. Helicobacter , vol.13 , pp. 30-34
    • Singh, V.1    Mishra, S.2    Rao, G.R.3    Jain, A.K.4    Dixit, V.K.5    Gulati, A.K.6    Mahajan, D.7    McClelland, M.8    Nath, G.9
  • 12
    • 0034021772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of and discrimination between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in intraocular samples by using nested PCR
    • [PMID: 10790093]
    • Carroll NM, Jaeger EE, Choudhury S, Dunlop AA, Matheson MM, Adamson P, Okhravi N, Lightman S. Detection of and discrimination between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in intraocular samples by using nested PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 1753-1757 [PMID: 10790093]
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 1753-1757
    • Carroll, N.M.1    Jaeger, E.E.2    Choudhury, S.3    Dunlop, A.A.4    Matheson, M.M.5    Adamson, P.6    Okhravi, N.7    Lightman, S.8
  • 13
    • 0031574072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools
    • [PMID: 9396791 DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.24.4876]
    • Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 1997; 25: 4876-4882 [PMID: 9396791 DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.24.4876]
    • (1997) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.25 , pp. 4876-4882
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Gibson, T.J.2    Plewniak, F.3    Jeanmougin, F.4    Higgins, D.G.5
  • 14
    • 34547781750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0
    • [PMID: 17488738 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm092]
    • Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 2007; 24: 1596-1599 [PMID: 17488738 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm092]
    • (2007) Mol Biol Evol , vol.24 , pp. 1596-1599
    • Tamura, K.1    Dudley, J.2    Nei, M.3    Kumar, S.4
  • 15
    • 0037436159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of mixed bacterial DNA contamination in broad-range PCR amplification of 16S rDNA V1 and V3 variable regions by pyrosequencing of cloned amplicons
    • [PMID: 12594028 DOI: 10.1016/S03781097(02)01190-4]
    • Grahn N, Olofsson M, Ellnebo-Svedlund K, Monstein HJ, Jonasson J. Identification of mixed bacterial DNA contamination in broad-range PCR amplification of 16S rDNA V1 and V3 variable regions by pyrosequencing of cloned amplicons. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 219: 87-91 [PMID: 12594028 DOI: 10.1016/S03781097(02)01190-4]
    • (2003) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.219 , pp. 87-91
    • Grahn, N.1    Olofsson, M.2    Ellnebo-Svedlund, K.3    Monstein, H.J.4    Jonasson, J.5
  • 17
    • 0038781648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • pH-regulated gene expression of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori
    • [PMID: 12761138 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.6.3529-3539.2003]
    • Merrell DS, Goodrich ML, Otto G, Tompkins LS, Falkow S. pH-regulated gene expression of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Infect Immun 2003; 71: 3529-3539 [PMID: 12761138 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.6.3529-3539.2003]
    • (2003) Infect Immun , vol.71 , pp. 3529-3539
    • Merrell, D.S.1    Goodrich, M.L.2    Otto, G.3    Tompkins, L.S.4    Falkow, S.5
  • 18
    • 0042763529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotyping of antifungal compounds producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens
    • Kumar NR, Thirumalai V Arasu, Gunasekaran P. Genotyping of antifungal compounds producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens. Curr Sci 2002; 82: 1463-1468
    • (2002) Curr Sci , vol.82 , pp. 1463-1468
    • Kumar, N.R.1    Thirumalai, V.2    Arasu, G.P.3
  • 19
    • 0015230679 scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonic acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens
    • [PMID: 5003547]
    • Fuller AT, Mellows G, Woolford M, Banks GT, Barrow KD, Chain EB. Pseudomonic acid: an antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Nature 1971; 234: 416-417 [PMID: 5003547]
    • (1971) Nature , vol.234 , pp. 416-417
    • Fuller, A.T.1    Mellows, G.2    Woolford, M.3    Banks, G.T.4    Barrow, K.D.5    Chain, E.B.6
  • 20
    • 81555217031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of genetic diversity in Pseudomonas fluorescens using PCRbased methods
    • Charan AR, Reddy VP, Reddy PN, Reddy SS. Assessment of genetic diversity in Pseudomonas fluorescens using PCRbased methods. Biorem Biodiv Bioavail 2011; 5: 10-16
    • (2011) Biorem Biodiv Bioavail , vol.5 , pp. 10-16
    • Charan, A.R.1    Reddy, V.P.2    Reddy, P.N.3    Reddy, S.S.4
  • 21
    • 0030950445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of genetic diversity among strains of Pseudomonas syringae by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of rRNA operons with special emphasis on P. syringae pv. tomato
    • [PMID: 9023928]
    • Manceau C, Horvais A. Assessment of genetic diversity among strains of Pseudomonas syringae by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of rRNA operons with special emphasis on P. syringae pv. tomato. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63: 498-505 [PMID: 9023928]
    • (1997) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.63 , pp. 498-505
    • Manceau, C.1    Horvais, A.2
  • 22
    • 0021352672 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial colonization and nitrite concentration in the achlorhydric stomachs of patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia or classical pernicious anaemia
    • [PMID: 6710072]
    • Dolby JM, Webster AD, Borriello SP, Barclay FE, Bartholomew BA, Hill MJ. Bacterial colonization and nitrite concentration in the achlorhydric stomachs of patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia or classical pernicious anaemia. Scand J Gastroenterol 1984; 19: 105-110 [PMID: 6710072]
    • (1984) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.19 , pp. 105-110
    • Dolby, J.M.1    Webster, A.D.2    Borriello, S.P.3    Barclay, F.E.4    Bartholomew, B.A.5    Hill, M.J.6
  • 24
    • 0021894536 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic flora in the gastric juice and bronchial secretion of long-term ventilated intensive-care patients
    • [PMID: 4003748]
    • Mauritz W, Graninger W, Schindler I, Karner J, Zadrobilek E, Sporn P. [Pathogenic flora in the gastric juice and bronchial secretion of long-term ventilated intensive-care patients]. Anaesthesist 1985; 34: 203-207 [PMID: 4003748]
    • (1985) Anaesthesist , vol.34 , pp. 203-207
    • Mauritz, W.1    Graninger, W.2    Schindler, I.3    Karner, J.4    Zadrobilek, E.5    Sporn, P.6
  • 25
    • 0023074736 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between gastric secretion and infection
    • [PMID: 3546004]
    • Howden CW, Hunt RH. Relationship between gastric secretion and infection. Gut 1987; 28: 96-107 [PMID: 3546004]
    • (1987) Gut , vol.28 , pp. 96-107
    • Howden, C.W.1    Hunt, R.H.2
  • 26
    • 0029565621 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four-hour intragastric acidity: 300 mg ranitidine b.d., 20 mg omeprazole o.m., 40 mg omeprazole o.m. vs. placebo
    • [PMID: 8824652DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00434.x]
    • Houben GM, Hooi J, Hameeteman W, Stockbrügger RW.Twenty-four-hour intragastric acidity: 300 mg ranitidine b.d., 20 mg omeprazole o.m., 40 mg omeprazole o.m. vs. placebo. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995; 9: 649-654 [PMID: 8824652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00434.x]
    • (1995) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.9 , pp. 649-654
    • Houben, G.M.1    Hooi, J.2    Hameeteman, W.3    Stockbrügger, R.W.4
  • 28
    • 0023275160 scopus 로고
    • Blood transfusion-associated Pseudomonas fluorescens septicaemia: Is this an increasing problem?
    • [PMID: 2886528 DOI: 10.1016/0195-6701(87)90120-4]
    • Murray AE, Bartzokas CA, Shepherd AJ, Roberts FM. Blood transfusion-associated Pseudomonas fluorescens septicaemia: is this an increasing problem? J Hosp Infect 1987; 9: 243-248 [PMID: 2886528 DOI: 10.1016/0195-6701(87)90120-4]
    • (1987) J Hosp Infect , vol.9 , pp. 243-248
    • Murray, A.E.1    Bartzokas, C.A.2    Shepherd, A.J.3    Roberts, F.M.4
  • 31
    • 0036893658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas fluorescens encodes the Crohn's diseaseassociated I2 sequence and T-cell superantigen
    • [PMID: 12438326 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.12.6567-6575.2002]
    • Wei B, Huang T, Dalwadi H, Sutton CL, Bruckner D, Braun J. Pseudomonas fluorescens encodes the Crohn's diseaseassociated I2 sequence and T-cell superantigen. Infect Immun 2002; 70: 6567-6575 [PMID: 12438326 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.12.6567-6575.2002]
    • (2002) Infect Immun , vol.70 , pp. 6567-6575
    • Wei, B.1    Huang, T.2    Dalwadi, H.3    Sutton, C.L.4    Bruckner, D.5    Braun, J.6
  • 32
    • 0029397786 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth by 4-hydroxy-2-alkyl-quinolines produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • [PMID: 8626264 DOI: 10.1093/jac/36.5.827]
    • Lacey SL, Mehmet S, Taylor GW. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth by 4-hydroxy-2-alkyl-quinolines produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995; 36: 827-831 [PMID: 8626264 DOI: 10.1093/jac/36.5.827]
    • (1995) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 827-831
    • Lacey, S.L.1    Mehmet, S.2    Taylor, G.W.3
  • 33
    • 0032986390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of vibrio anguillarum by Pseudomonas fluorescens AH2, a possible probiotic treatment of fish
    • [PMID: 10049849]
    • Gram L, Melchiorsen J, Spanggaard B, Huber I, Nielsen TF. Inhibition of vibrio anguillarum by Pseudomonas fluorescens AH2, a possible probiotic treatment of fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65: 969-973 [PMID: 10049849]
    • (1999) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.65 , pp. 969-973
    • Gram, L.1    Melchiorsen, J.2    Spanggaard, B.3    Huber, I.4    Nielsen, T.F.5
  • 34
    • 15944409255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological control of soil-borne pathogens by fluorescent pseudomonads
    • [PMID: 15759041 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1129]
    • Haas D, Défago G. Biological control of soil-borne pathogens by fluorescent pseudomonads. Nat Rev Microbiol 2005; 3: 307-319 [PMID: 15759041 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1129]
    • (2005) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 307-319
    • Haas, D.1    Défago, G.2
  • 35
    • 0242507789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of antibiotic production in root-colonizing Peudomonas spp. and relevance for biological control of plant disease
    • [PMID: 12730389 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095656]
    • Haas D, Keel C. Regulation of antibiotic production in root-colonizing Peudomonas spp. and relevance for biological control of plant disease. Annu Rev Phytopathol 2003; 41: 117-153 [PMID: 12730389 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.41. 052002.095656]
    • (2003) Annu Rev Phytopathol , vol.41 , pp. 117-153
    • Haas, D.1    Keel, C.2
  • 36
    • 0031735167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocontrol of soil-borne fungal plant diseases by 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent pseudomonads with different restriction profiles of amplified 16S rDNA
    • Sharifi-Tehrani A, Zala M, Natsch A, Loccoz YM, Defago G. Biocontrol of soil-borne fungal plant diseases by 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent pseudomonads with different restriction profiles of amplified 16S rDNA. Er J Plant Pathol 1998; 104: 631-643
    • (1998) Er J Plant Pathol , vol.104 , pp. 631-643
    • Sharifi-Tehrani, A.1    Zala, M.2    Natsch, A.3    Loccoz, Y.M.4    Defago, G.5
  • 38
    • 0005798312 scopus 로고
    • DNA sequence of genes for detoxification of fusaric acid a wilt-inducing agent produced by Fusarium spp
    • DOI: 10.1111/j.14390434.1991.tb00162.x]
    • Toyoda H, Katsuragi K, Tamari T and Ouchi S. DNA sequence of genes for detoxification of fusaric acid a wilt-inducing agent produced by Fusarium spp. Journal of Phytopathology 1991; 133: 265-277 [DOI: 10.1111/j.14390434.1991.tb00162.x]
    • (1991) Journal of Phytopathology , vol.133 , pp. 265-277
    • Toyoda, H.1    Katsuragi, K.2    Tamari, T.3    Ouchi, S.4
  • 39
    • 0000911208 scopus 로고
    • Role of fluorescent siderophore production in biological control of Pythium ultimum by a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain
    • [DOI: 10.1094/ Phyto-78-166]
    • Loper JE. Role of fluorescent siderophore production in biological control of Pythium ultimum by a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain. Phytopathology 1988; 78: 166-172 [DOI: 10.1094/ Phyto-78-166]
    • (1988) Phytopathology , vol.78 , pp. 166-172
    • Loper, J.E.1
  • 40
    • 0001540291 scopus 로고
    • Siderophores in relation to plant growth and disease
    • [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pp.37.060186.001155]
    • Neilands JB, Leong SA. Siderophores in relation to plant growth and disease. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 1986; 37: 187-208 [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pp.37.060186.001155]
    • (1986) Ann Rev Plant Physiol , vol.37 , pp. 187-208
    • Neilands, J.B.1    Leong, S.A.2
  • 41
    • 0030891113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not all Helicobacter pylori strains are created equal: Should all be eliminated?
    • [PMID: 9100641 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)09133-7]
    • Blaser MJ. Not all Helicobacter pylori strains are created equal: should all be eliminated? Lancet 1997; 349: 1020-1022 [PMID: 9100641 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)09133-7]
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1020-1022
    • Blaser, M.J.1
  • 42
    • 0031742934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helicobacters are indigenous to the human stomach: Duodenal ulceration is due to changes in gastric microecology in the modern era
    • [PMID: 9824358 DOI: 10.1136/gut.43.5.721]
    • Blaser MJ. Helicobacters are indigenous to the human stomach: duodenal ulceration is due to changes in gastric microecology in the modern era. Gut 1998; 43: 721-727 [PMID: 9824358 DOI: 10.1136/gut.43.5.721]
    • (1998) Gut , vol.43 , pp. 721-727
    • Blaser, M.J.1
  • 43
    • 0033028812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis: The changing relationships of Helicobacter pylori and humans: Implications for health and disease
    • [PMID: 10228075 DOI: 10.1086/314785]
    • Blaser MJ. Hypothesis: the changing relationships of Helicobacter pylori and humans: implications for health and disease. J Infect Dis 1999; 179: 1523-1530 [PMID: 10228075 DOI: 10.1086/314785]
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. 1523-1530
    • Blaser, M.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.