Zoonotic infections in Alaska: Disease prevalence, potential impact of climate change and recommended actions for earlier disease detection, research, prevention and control

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

Volumn 72, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Hueffer, Karsten ^a   Parkinson, Alan J ^b   Gerlach, Robert ^c   Berner, James ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR EMERGING AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^c Office of the State Veterinarian   (United States)

^d Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate change; Gaps in knowledge; Recommendations; US Arctic; Zoonotic infections

Indexed keywords

ALASKA; ANIMAL; ARCTIC; BRUCELLOSIS; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; ECHINOCOCCOSIS; HEALTH EDUCATION; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; INTESTINAL DISEASES, PARASITIC; PREVALENCE; PROCEDURES; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; RABIES; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; TOXOPLASMOSIS; TRANSMISSION; TULAREMIA; ZOONOSES;

ALASKA; ANIMALS; ARCTIC REGIONS; BRUCELLOSIS; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; COMMUNICATION; ECHINOCOCCOSIS; HEALTH EDUCATION; HUMANS; INTESTINAL DISEASES, PARASITIC; PREVALENCE; PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION; RABIES; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; TOXOPLASMOSIS; TULAREMIA; ZOONOSES;

EID: 84873652348     PISSN: 12399736     EISSN: 22423982     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.19562     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Brubaker MY, Bell JN, Berner JE, Warren JA. Climate change assessments: a novel approach for Alaska native communities. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2011;70:266-72.
2. Brubaker M, Berner J, Chavan R, Warren J. Climate change and health effects in Northwest Alaska. Glob Health Action. 2011;4:8445. doi: 10.3402/gha.v4i0.8445.
3. Hueffer K, O'Hara TM, Follmann EH. Adaptation of mammalian host_pathogen interactions in a changing arctic environment. Acta Vet Scand. 2011;53:17.
4. Forbes LB. Isolates of Brucella suis biovar 4 from animals and humans 1982-1990. Can Vet J. 1991;32:686-8.
5. Edwards S. Brucella suis in the Arctic. Anchorage, Alaska: Alaska Medicine USPHA Alaska Native Hospital, 1959.
6. Matas M, Corrigan C. Brucellosis in an Eskimo boy, Canada. Can Med Assoc J. 1953;69:581.
7. Corrigan C, Hansen S. Brucellosis and miliary tuberculosis in an Eskimo woman. Can Med Assoc J. 1955;72:217-8.
8. Brody J, Huntley B, Overfield T, Manard J. Studies of human brucellosis in Alaska. J Infect Dis. 1966;116:263-9.
9. Ewalt DR, Payuer JB, Martin BM, Cummings DR, Miller G. Characteristics of a Brucella species from a bottlenose dolphin (tursios truncates). J Vet Diagn Invest. 1994;6:448-52.
10. Zarnke R. Serologic survey of Alaska wildlife for microbial pathogens, Alaska department of fish and game, division of wildlife conservation. Available from: http://www.wc.adfg. state.ak.us/pubs/techpubs/research_pdfs/01patho.pdf
11. Sohn AH, Probert WS, Glaser CA, Gupta N, Bollen AW, Wong JD, et al. Human neurobrucellosis with intracerebral granuloma caused by a marine mammal species. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:485-8.
12. DHSS, State Department of Health and Social Services. Section of epidemiology, annual infectious disease reports 1973-2010. Available from: http://www.epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/bltnidx.jsp
13. DHSS, State Department of Health and Social Services. Section of epidemiology. Human and animal brucellosis in Alaska 2011. Available from: http://www.epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/docs/b2011_31.pdf
14. Curry PS, Elkin BT, Campbell M, Nielsen K, Hutchins W, Ribble C, et al. Filter-paper blood samples for ELISA detection of Brucella antibodies in caribou. J Wildlife Dis. 2011;47:12-20.
15. Peterson DR, Cooney MK, Beasley RP. Prevalence of antibody to Toxoplasma among Alaska natives: relation to exposure to Felidae. J Infect Dis. 1974;130:557-63.
16. Messier V, Levesque B, Proulx JF, Rochette L, Libman MD, Ward BJ, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among Nunvik Inuit (Canada). Zoonoses Public Health. 2009;56: 188-97.
17. McDonald JC, Gyorkos TW, Alberton B, MacLean JD, Richer G, Juranek D. An outbreak of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in northern Quebec. J Infect Dis. 1990; 161:769-74.
18. Prestrud KW, Asbakk K, Oksanen A, Nareaho A, Jokelainen P. Toxoplasma gondii in the sub-Arctic and Arctic. Acta Vet Scand. 2010;52(suppl 1):S7. doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-52-S1_S7.
19. Jensen SK, Aars J, Lydersen C, Kovacs KM, Asbakk K. The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in polar bears and their marine mammal prey: evidence for a marine transmission pathway? Polar Biol. 2010;33:559-606.
20. Jordan CN, Kaur T, Koenen K, DeStefano S, Zajac AM, Lindsay DS. Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona in beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts. J Parasitol. 2005;91:1228-9.
21. Tan HK, Petersen E, Moller LN, Phillips P, Neto EC, Gilbert RE. Recovery of anti toxoplasma immunoglobulin M in stored Guthrie card blood spots. J Clin Micro. 2009;47:2626-8.
22. DHSS, State Department of Health and Social Services. Section of epidemiology. Preventing infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Available from: http://www.epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/docs/b2005_07.pdf
23. Zarnke RL, Dubey JP, Kwok OC, Ver Hoef JM. Serologic survey for Toxoplasma gondii in grizzly bears from Alaska. J Wildl Dis. 1997;33:267-70.
24. Zarnke RL, Dubey JP, Kwok OC, Ver Hoef JM. Serologic survey for Toxoplasma gondii in selected wildlife species from Alaska. J Wildl Dis. 2000;36:219-24.
25. Zarnke RL, Dubey JP, Ver Hoer J. Serologic survey for Toxoplasma gondii in lynx from interior Alaska. J Wildl Dis. 2001;37:36-8.
26. Dubey JP, Zarnke R, Thomas NJ, Wong SK, Van Bonn W, Briggs M, et al. Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals. Vet Parasitol. 2003;116:275-96.
27. Lindsay DS, Blagburn BL, Dubey JP. Survival of non sporulated Toxoplasma gondii oocysts under refrigerator conditions. Vet Parasitology. 2002;103:309-13.
28. Berkes F, Jolly D. Adapting to climate change: social_ecological resilience in a Canadian western Arctic community. Conservation Ecology. 2001;5:18.
29. Davidson R, Simard M, Kutz S, Kapel C, Hammnes I, Robertson LJ. Arctic parasitology: why should we care? Trends Parasitol. 2011;27:238-44.
30. DHSS, State Department of Health and Social Services. Section of epidemiology. Five cases of trichinosis*why bear meat must be thoroughly cooked. Available from: http://www. epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/docs/b2000_18.htm
31. Lorraine McIntyre, Sue L. Pollock, Murray Fyfe, Alvin Gajadhar, Judy Isaac-Renton, Joe Fung, et al. Trichinellosis from consumption of wild game meat. CMAJ. 2007;176: 449-51.
32. Chomel BB, Kasten RW, Chappuis G. Serologic survey of selected canine viral pathogens and zoonoses in grizzly bears (Ursus acrtos horriblis) and black bears (Ursus Americanus) from Alaska. Rev Sci Tech. 1998;17:756-66.
33. Gambel HR, Pozio E, Bruschi F, Nockler K, Kapel CM, Gajadhar AA. International commission on trichinellosis: recommendations on the use of serologic tests for the detection of Trichinella infections in animals and man. Parasite. 2004; 11:3-13.
34. Forbes LB, Measures L, Gajadhar A, Kapel C. Infectivity of Trichinella nativa in traditional northern (country) foods prepared with meat from experimentally infected seals. J Food Prot. 2003;66:1857-63.
35. Proulx JF, Maclean JD, Gyorkos TW, Leclair D, Richter AK, Serhir B, et al. Novel prevention program for trichinellosis in Inuit communities. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:1508-14.
36. Forbes LB. The occurrence and ecology of trichinella in marine mammals. Vet Parasitology. 2000;93:321-34.
37. DHSS, State Department of Health and Social Services. Section of epidemiology. A new strategy for understanding Giardiasis in Alaska. Available from: http://www.epi.alaska. gov/bulletins/docs/b2011_21.pdf
38. Xiao L, Fayer R. Molecular characterization of species and genotypes of cryptosporidium and giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission. Int J Parasitol. 2008;38:1239-55.
39. Siefker C, Richard LG, Pharr GT, Simmons JS, O'Hara TM. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp isolated from northern Alaskan Caribou (Rangifer tarandus). J Parasitology. 2002;88:213-6.
40. Hughes-Hanks JM, Richard LG, Panuska C, Saucier JR, O'Hara TM, Dehn L, et al. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp and Giarda spp in five marine mammal species. J Parasitology. 2005;91:1225-8.
41. Brubaker M, Berner J, Bell J, Warren J. Climate change in Kivalina, Alaska, strategies for community health. ANTHC. 2010 Available from: http://www.anthc.org/chs/ces/climate/climateandhealthreports.cfm
42. Gottstein B. Molecular and immunological diagnosis of echinococcosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1992;5:248-61.
43. Rausch RL. Life patterns and geographic distribution of Echinococcus species. In: Thompson R. C. A, editor. The biology of Echinococcus and hydatid diseases. London, UK: George Allen and Unwin Publishers; 1986. p. 44-80.
44. Rausch RL. Cystic echinococcosis in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic. Parasitology. 2003;127:S73-85.
45. Leiby PD, Corney WP, Woods CE. Studies on sylvatic echinococcosis: III. Host occurrence and geographic distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis in the north central United States. J Parasitol. 1970;56:1141-50.
46. DHSS, State Department of Health and Social Services. Section of epidemiology. Echinococcus in Alaska. Available from: http://www.epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/docs/b2003_02.pdf
47. Findlay JC, Speert DP. Sylvatic hydatid disease in children: case reports and review of endemic Echinococcus granulosis infection in Canada and Alaska. Prediatr Infect Dis J. 1992;11:332-6.
48. Schantz PM, Gottstein B, Ammann R, Lanier A. Hydatid and the Arctic. Parasitol Today. 1991;7:35-6.
49. Wilson JF, Rausch RL, McMahon BJ, Schantz PM. Paracidal effect of chemotherapy in alveolar hydatid disease: review of experience with mebendazole and albendazole in Alaska Eskimos. Clinical Infect Dis. 1992;15:234-9.
50. Knapp J, Bart JM, Giraudoux P, Glowatzki ML, Breyer I, Raoul F, et al. Genetic diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes at a continental scale in Europe. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3:e452. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd. 0000452.
51. Rausch RL, Wilson JF, Schantz PM. A program to reduce the risk of infection by Echinococcus multilocularis: the use of praziquantel to control the cestode in a village in the hyperdendemic region of Alaska. Ann Trop Med Parasit. 1990;84:239-50.
52. DHSS, State Department of Health and Social Services. Section of epidemiology. 2011 Animal rabies in Northwestern Alaska. Available from: http://www.epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/docs/b2011_06.pdf
53. Castrodale L, Kuzmin I, Nadin Davis S, Follmann E, Kandola K, Sobol I, et al. Alaska rabies summit, Anchorage Alaska December 11, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis J. 2007:13. Available from: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/13/11/07-0604.htm. doi: 10.3201/eid1311.070604.
54. DHHS, State Department of Health and Social Services. Section of epidemiology. Bats and rabies in Alaska 2006 Update. Available from: http://www.epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/docs/b2006_20.pdf
55. Lundstrom JO, Andersson AC, Backman S, Schafer ML, Forsman M, Thelaus J. Transstadial transmission of Francisella tularensis holarctica in Mosquitoes, Sweden. Emerg infect Dis J. 2011;17:794-9. Available from: http://wwwnc.cdc. gov/eid/article/17/5/pdfs/10-0426.pdf. doi: 10.3201/eid1705.100 426.
56. Hansen CM, Vogler AJ, Keim P, Wagner DM, Hueffer K. Tularemia in Alaska 1938-2010. Acta Vet Scand. 2011;53:61.
57. DJJS, State Department of Health and Social Services. Section of epidemiology. Two cases of tularemia-interior Alaska June 2009 Available from: http://www.epi.alaska.gov/bulletins/docs/b2009_20.pdf
58. Parkinson AJ. Climate change and infectious diseases: the Arctic environment. IOM Institute of Medicine. 2008 Global climate change and extreme weather events: understanding the contributions to infectious disease emergence. Washington DC: The National Academies Press, 2008. pp. 155-168.
59. ANTHC CHS Bulletins. Brucellosis*Answers to Frequently Asked Questions CCH Bulletin No. 06, 11-30-10; Available from: http://www.anthc.org/chs/ces/climate/cchbulletins.cfm
60. ANTHC CHS Bulletins Brucellosis*Understanding an Important Arctic Infectious Disease CCH Bulletin No. 05, 11-30-10)
61. McLaughlin JB, Depaola A, Bopp CA, Martinek KA, Napolilli NP, Allison CG, et al. Emergence of Vibro parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis associated with consumption of Alaskan oysters and its global implications. New Eng J Med. 2005;353:1463-70.
62. Parkinson AJ, Bulkow L, Wainwright R, Gold B, Swaminathan B, Petersen KM, et al. High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and an association with low serum ferritin in the Alaska native population. Clin Lab Diag Immunol. 2000;7:885-8.