Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals

Veterinary Parasitology

Volumn 116, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 275-296

  Dubey, J P ^a   Zarnke, R ^b   Thomas, N J ^c   Wong, S K ^d   Van Bonn, W ^d   Briggs, M ^e   Davis, J W ^f   Ewing, R ^g   Mense, M ^h   Kwok, O C H ^a   Romand, S ⁱ   Thulliez, P ⁱ  

^a AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^b ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME   (United States)

^c NATIONAL WILDLIFE HEALTH CENTER   (United States)

^d Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific   (United States)

^e BROOKFIELD ZOO   (United States)

^f U S FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE   (United States)

^g NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE   (United States)

^h ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY   (United States)

ⁱ Institut de Puericulture   (France)

Author keywords

Agglutination tests; Antibodies; Manatee; Neospora caninum; Sarcocystis canis; Sarcocystis neurona; Sea lion; Sea otters; Seals; Toxoplasma gondii; Walruses

Indexed keywords

PROTOZOON ANTIBODY;

AGGLUTINATION TEST; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL PARASITOSIS; ANTIBODY DETECTION; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CARNIVORA; CETACEA; COCCIDIOSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH; DILUTION; DOLPHIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; IMMUNOLOGY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MALE; MAMMAL; NEOSPORA; NEOSPORA CANINUM; NONHUMAN; PARASITOLOGY; PARASITOSIS; SARCOCYSTIS; SARCOCYSTIS CANIS; SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA; SEA; SEAL; SPECIES COMPARISON; TOXOPLASMA; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; TOXOPLASMOSIS;

ANIMALIA; CANIS; CORYPHAENIDAE; ENHYDRA; ENHYDRA LUTRIS; ERIGNATHUS BARBATUS; LUTRINAE; MAMMALIA; NEOSPORA CANINUM; ODOBENIDAE; ODOBENUS ROSMARUS; OTARIIDAE; PANTHERA LEO; PHOCA; PHOCA FASCIATA; PHOCA HISPIDA; PHOCA LARGHA; PHOCA VITULINA; PHOCIDAE; PROTOZOA; SARCOCYSTIS; SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; TRICHECHUS; TRICHECHUS MANATUS; TRICHECHUS MANATUS MANATUS; TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS; ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS;

EID: 10744227519     PISSN: 03044017     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00263-2     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Abbas A.M.A. Comparative study of methods used for the isolation of Toxoplasma gondii. Bull. WHO. 36:1967;344-346.
2. Bandoli J.G., de Oliveira C.A.B. Toxoplasmose em Sotalia guianensis (Van Beneden, 1863) Cetacea-Delphinidae. Folha Médica. 75:1977;459-468.
3. Basso W., Venturini L., Venturini M.C., Hill D.E., Kwok O.C.H., Shen S.K., Dubey J.P. First isolation of Neospora caninum from the feces of a naturally infected dog. J. Parasitol. 87:2001;612-618.
4. Bossart G.D. The Florida manatee on the verge of extinction. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 204:1999;1178-1183.
5. Buergelt C.D., Bonde R.K. Toxoplasmic meningoencephalitis in a West Indian manatee. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 183:1983;1294-1296.
6. Cole R.A., Lindsay D.S., Howe D.K., Roderick C.L., Dubey J.P., Thomas N.J., Baeten L.A. Biological and molecular characterizations of Toxoplasma gondii strains obtained from southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). J. Parasitol. 86:2000;526-530.
7. Cruickshank J.J., Haines D.M., Palmer N.C., St Aubin D.J. Cysts of a Toxoplasma-like organism in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin. Can. Vet. J. 31:1990;213-215.
8. De Guise S., Lagacé A., Béland P., Girard C., Higgins R. Non-neoplastic lesions in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and other marine mammals from the St. Lawrence estuary. J. Comp. Pathol. 112:1995;257-271.
9. Di Guardo G., Agrimi U., Morelli L., Cardeti G., Terracciano S., Kennedy S. Post mortem investigations on cetaceans found stranded on the coasts of Italy between 1990 and 1993. Vet. Rec. 136:1995a;439-442.
10. Di Guardo G., Corradi A., Agrimi U., Zizzo N., Morelli L., Perillo L., Kramer L., Cabassi E., Kennedy S. Neuropathological lesions in cetaceans found stranded from 1991 to 1993 on the coasts of Italy. Eur. J. Vet. Pathol. 1:1995b;47-51.
11. Domingo M., Visa J., Pumarola M., Marco A.J., Ferrer L., Rabanal R., Kennedy S. Pathologic and immunocytochemical studies of morbillivirus infection in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Vet. Pathol. 29:1992;1-10.
12. Dubey J.P. Validation of the specificity of the modified agglutination test for toxoplasmosis in pigs. Vet. Parasitol. 71:1997;307-310.
13. Dubey J.P. Toxoplasma gondii oocyst survival under defined temperatures. J. Parasitol. 84:1998;862-865.
14. Dubey J.P. Review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis in animals. Korean J. Parasitol. 41:2003;1-16.
15. Dubey J.P., Beattie C.P., 1988. Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Man. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, p. 220.
16. Dubey J.P., Desmonts G. Serological responses of equids fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Equine Vet. J. 19:1987;337-339.
17. Dubey J.P., Hamir A.N. Immunohistochemical confirmation of Sarcocystis neurona infections in raccoons, mink, cat, skunk and pony. J. Parasitol. 86:2000;1150-1152.
18. Dubey J.P., Lindsay D.S. A review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis. Vet. Parasitol. 67:1996;1-59.
19. Dubey J.P., Speer C.A. Sarcocystis canis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), the etiologic agent of generalized coccidiosis in dogs. J. Parasitol. 77:1991;522-527.
20. Dubey J.P., Thulliez P., Powell E.C. Toxoplasma gondii in Iowa sows: comparison of antibody titers to isolation of T. gondii by bioassays in mice and cats. J. Parasitol. 81:1995;48-53.
21. Dubey J.P., Lindsay D.S., Saville W.J.A., Reed S.M., Granstrom D.E., Speer C.A. A review of Sarcocystis neurona and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Vet. Parasitol. 95:2001a;89-131.
22. Dubey J.P., Rosypal A.C., Rosenthal B.M., Thomas N.J., Lindsay D.S., Stanek J.F., Reed S.M., Saville W.J.A. Sarcocystis neurona infections in sea otter (Enhydra lutris): evidence for natural infections with sarcocysts and transmission of infection to opossums (Didelphis virginiana). J. Parasitol. 87:2001b;1387-1393.
23. Dubey J.P., Gamble H.R., Hill D., Sreekumar C., Romand S., Thulliez P. High prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii infection in market weight pigs from a farm in Massachusetts. J. Parasitol. 88:2002;1234-1238.
24. Dubey, J.P., Lipscomb, T.P., Mense M., 2003. Toxoplasmosis in an elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). J. Parasitol. (in press).
25. Gondim L.F.P., Gao L., McAllister M.M. Improved production of Neospora caninum oocysts, cyclical oral transmission between dogs and cattle, and in vitro isolation from oocysts. J. Parasitol. 88:2002;1159-1163.
26. Gulland F.M., Lowenstine L.J., Lapointe J.M., Spraker T., King D.P. Herpesvirus infection in stranded Pacific Harbor seals of coastal California. J. Wildl. Dis. 33:1997;450-458.
27. Holshuh H.J., Sherrod A.E., Taylor C.R., Andrews B.F., Howard E.B. Toxoplasmosis in a feral northern fur seal. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 187:1985;1229-1230.
28. Inskeep W., Gardiner C.H., Harris R.K., Dubey J.P., Goldston R.T. Toxoplasmosis in Atlantic bottle-nosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). J. Wildl. Dis. 26:1990;377-382.
29. Jardine J.E., Dubey J.P. Congenital toxoplasmosis in a Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). J. Parasitol. 88:2002;197-199.
30. Lambourn D.M., Jeffries S.J., Dubey J.P. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in southern Puget Sound Washington. J. Parasitol. 87:2001;1196-1197.
31. Lapointe, J.M., Duignan, P.J., Barr, B.C., Petrich, A.K., MacPherson, D.W., Gulland, F.M., Dubey, J.P., 2003. Meningoencephalitis associated with an unidentified apicomplexan protozoan in a Pacific harbor seal, J. Parasitol. 89, 859-862.
32. Lapointe J.M., Duignan P.J., Marsh A.E., Gulland F.M., Barr B.C., Naydan D.K., King D.P., Farman C.A., Burek-Huntingdon K.A., Lowenstine L.J. Meningoencephalitis due to a Sarcocystis neurona-like protozoan in Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi). J. Parisitol. 84:1998;1184-1189.
33. Lindsay D.S., Dubey J.P. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of Neospora caninum in tissue sections. Am. J. Vet. Res. 50:1989;1981-1983.
34. Lindsay D.S., Thomas N.J., Dubey J.P. Biological characterization of Sarcocystis neurona from a Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis). Int. J. Parasitol. 30:2000;617-624.
35. Lindsay D.S., Thomas N.J., Rosypal A.C., Dubey J.P. Dual Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii infection in a Northern sea otter from Washington state, USA. Vet. Parasitol. 97:2001a;319-327.
36. Lindsay, D.S., Phelps, K.K., Smith, S.A., Flick, G., Sumner, S.S., Dubey, J.P., 2001b. Removal of Toxoplasma gondii oocyst from seawater by eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 2001, 197S-198S.
37. McAllister M.M., Dubey J.P., Lindsay D.S., Jolley W.R., Wills R.A., McGuire A.M. Dogs are definitive hosts of Neospora caninum. Int. J. Parasitol. 28:1998;1473-1478.
38. Mense M.G., Dubey J.P., Homer B.L. Acute hepatic necrosis associated with a Sarcocystis-like protozoa in a sea lion (Zalophus californianus). J. Vet. Deign. Invest. 4:1992;486-490.
39. Migaki G., Allen J.F., Casey H.W. Toxoplasmosis in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Am. J. Vet. Res. 38:1977;135-136.
40. Mikaelian I., Boisclair J., Dubey J.P., Kennedy S., Martineau D. Toxoplasmosis in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence estuary: two case reports and a serologic survey. J. Comp. Pathol. 122:2000;73-76.
41. Miller M.A., Crosbie P.R., Sverlow K., Hanni K., Barr B.C., Kock N., Murray M.J., Lowenstine L.J., Conrad P.A. Isolation and characterization of Sarcocystis from brain tissue of a free-living southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) with fatal meningoencephalitis. Parasitol. Res. 87:2001a;252-257.
42. Miller M.A., Sverlow K., Crosbie P.R., Barr B.C., Lowenstine L.J., Gulland F.M., Packham A., Conrad P.A. Isolation and characterization of two parasitic protozoa from a pacific harbor seal (Phoca Vitulina richardsi) with meningoencephalomyelitis. J. Parasitol. 87:2001;816-822.
43. Miller M.A., Gardner I.A., Kreuder C., Paradies D.M., Worcester K.R., Jessup D.A., Dodd E., Harris M.D., Ames J.A., Packham A.E., Conrad P.A. Coastal freshwater runoff is a risk factor for Toxoplasma gondii infection of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). Int. J. Parasitol. 32:2002a;997-1006.
44. Miller M.A., Gardner I.A., Packham A., Mazet J.K., Hanni K.D., Jessup D., Estes J., Jameson R., Dodd E., Barr B.C., Lowenstine L.J., Gulland F.M., Conrad P.A. Evaluation of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for demonstration of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). J. Parasitol. 88:2002;594-599.
45. Ratcliffe H.L., Worth C.B. Toxoplasmosis of captive wild birds and mammals. Am. J. Pathol. 27:1951;655-667.
46. Reidarson T.H., McBain J., House C., King D.P., Scott J.L., Krafft A., Taubenberger J.K., Heyning J., Lipscomb T.P. Morbilliviris infection in stranded common dolphins from the Pacific Ocean. J. Wildl. Dis. 34:1998;771-776.
47. Resendes A.R., Juan-Sallés C., Almeria S., Majó N., Domingo M., Dubey J.P. Hepatic sarcocystosis in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the Spanish Mediterranean coast. J. Parasitol. 88:2002a;206-209.
48. Resendes A.R., Almería S., Dubey J.P., Obón E., Juan-Sallés C., Degollada E., Alegre F., Cabezón O., Pont S., Domingo M. Disseminated toxoplasmosis in a Mediterranean pregnant Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) with transplacental fetal infection. J. Parasitol. 88:2002;1029-1032.
49. Riemann H.P., Behymer D.E., Fowler M.E., Schulz T., Lock A., Orthoefer J.G., Silverman S., Franti C.E. Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in captive exotic mammals. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 165:1974;798-800.
50. Rosenthal B.M., Lindsay D.S., Dubey J.P. Relationships among Sarcocystis species transmitted by New World opossums (Didelphis spp.). Vet. Parasitol. 95:2001;133-142.
51. Romand S., Thulliez P., Dubey J.P. Direct agglutination test for serologic diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection. Parasitol. Res. 84:1998;50-53.
52. Rosonke B.J., Brown S.R., Tornquist S.J., Snyder S.P., Garner M.M., Blythe L.L. Encephalomyelitis associated with a Sarcocystis neurona-like organism in a sea otter. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 215:1999;1839-1842.
53. Schulman F.Y., Lipscomb T.P., Moffett D., Krafft A.E., Lichy J.H., Tsai M.M., Taubenberger J.K., Kennedy S. Histologic, immunohistological, and polymerase chain reaction studies of bottlenose dolphins from the 1987-1988 United States Atlantic coast epizootic. Vet. Pathol. 34:1997;288-295.
54. Šlapeta J.R., Modry D., Kyselova I., Horejs R., Lukes J., Koudela B. Dog shedding oocysts of Neospora caninum: PCR diagnosis and molecular phylogenetic approach. Vet. Parasitol. 109:2002;157-167.
55. Thomas, N.J., Cole, R.A., 1996. The risk of disease and threats to the wild population. Endangered species update. Conserv. Manage. Southern Sea Otter 13, 23-27 (Special Issue).
56. Thulliez P., Remington J.S., Santoro F., Ovlaque G., Sharma S.D., Desmonts G. Une nouvelle reaction d'agglutination pour le diagnostic du stade evolutif de la Toxoplasmose acquise. Pathol. Biol. 34:1986;173-177.
57. Van Pelt R.W., Dietrich R.A. Staphylococcal infection and toxoplasmosis in a young harbor seal. J. Wildl. Dis. 9:1973;258-261.
58. Yantis, D., Moeller, R., Braun, R., Gardiner, C.H., Aguirre, A., Dubey, J.P. 2003. Hepatitis associated with a Sarcocystis canis-like protozoan in a Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi). J. Parisitol. (in press).