The power of political voice: Women's political representation and crime in India

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 165-193

  Iyer, Lakshmi ^a   Mani, Anandi ^b   Mishra, Prachi ^c   Topalova, Petia ^c  

^a HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^c INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873516848     PISSN: 19457782     EISSN: 19457790     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1257/app.4.4.165     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Aizer, Anna. 2010. "The Gender Wage Gap and Domestic Violence." American Economic Review 100 (4): 1847-59.
2. Aizer, Anna, and Pedro Dal Bó. 2009. "Love, Hate and Murder: Commitment Devices in Violent Relationships." Journal of Public Economics 93 (3-4): 412-28.
3. Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Daniel Keniston, and Nina Singh. 2011. "Making Police Reform Real: The Rajasthan Experiment." http://economics.mit.edu/files/5933. (accessed August, 2012).
4. Banerjee, Abhijit, and Rohini Somanathan. 2007. "The Political Economy of Public Goods: Some Evidence from India." Journal of Development Economics 82 (2): 287-314.
5. Bardhan, Pranab K., Dilip Mookherjee, and Monica Parra Torrado. 2010. "Impact of Political Reservations in West Bengal Local Governments on Anti-Poverty Targeting." Journal of Globalization and Development 1 (1): Article 5.
6. Beaman, Lori, Raghabendra Chattopadhyay, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande, and Petia Topalova. 2009. "Powerful Women: Does Exposure Reduce Bias?" Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 (4): 1497- 1540.
7. Beaman, Lori, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande, and Petia Topalova. 2010. "Political Reservation and Substantive Representation: Evidence from Indian Village Councils." In India Policy Forum, Vol. 7, edited by Suman Bery, Barry Bosworth, and Arvind Panagariya. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
8. Beaman, Lori, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande, and Petia Topalova. 2012. "Female Leadership Raises Aspirations and Educational Attainment for Girls: A Policy Experiment in India." Science 335 (6068): 582-86.
9. Besley, Timothy, Rohini Pande, and Vijayendra Rao. Forthcoming. "Just Rewards? Local Politics and Public Resource Allocation in South India." World Bank Economic Review.
10. Bloch, Francis, and Vijayendra Rao. 2002. "Terror as a Bargaining Instrument: A Case Study of Dowry Violence in Rural India." American Economic Review 92 (4): 1029-43.
11. Centre for the Study of Developing Societies. 2009. State of the Nation Survey Wave VII. Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS). New Delhi.
12. Chamarbagwala, Rubiana M., and Gunjan Sharma. 2010. "Crime and Inequality in India." http://bengal.missouri.edu/~sharmag/Jan2010_crimeinequality.pdf. (accessed August 2012).
13. Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra, and Esther Duflo. 2004. "Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India." Econometrica 72 (5): 1409-43.
14. Chong, Alberto, Suzanne Duryea, and Eliana La Ferrara. 2008. "Soap Operas and Fertility: Evidence from Brazil." Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper (CEPR) 6785.
15. Clots-Figueras, Irma. 2011. "Women in Politics: Evidence from the Indian States." Journal of Public Economics 95 (7-8): 664-90.
16. Demombynes, Gabriel, and Berk özler. 2005. "Crime and Local Inequality in South Africa." Journal of Development Economics 76 (2): 265-92.
17. Desai, Sonalde, Reeve Vanneman, and National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi. India Human Development Survey (IHDS), 2005. [Computer file]. ICPSR22626-v4. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2009-02-10. doi:10.3886/ICPSR22626.
18. Di Tella, Rafael, and Ernesto Schargrodsky. 2004. "Do Police Reduce Crime? Estimates Using the Allocation of Police Forces after a Terrorist Attack." American Economic Review 94 (1): 115-33.
19. Donohue, John J., III., and Steven D. Levitt. 2001a. "The Impact of Race on Policing and Arrests." Journal of Law and Economics 44 (2): 367-94.
20. Donohue, John J., III., and Steven D. Levitt. 2001b. "The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime." Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (2): 379-420.
21. Draca, Mirko, Stephen Machin, and Robert Witt. 2011. "Panic on the Streets of London: Police, Crime, and the July 2005 Terror Attacks." American Economic Review 101 (5): 2157-81.
22. Dunning, Thad, and Janhavi Nilekani. Forthcoming. "Ethnic Quotas and Political Mobilization: Caste, Politics, and Distribution in Indian Village Councils." American Political Science Review.
23. Edlund, Lena, Hongbin Li, Junjian Yi, and Junsen Zhang. 2007. "Sex Ratios and Crime: Evidence from China's One-Child Policy." Institute for the Study of Labor Discussion Paper 3214.
24. Fafchamps, Marcel, and Bart Minten. 2006. "Crime, Transitory Poverty, and Isolation: Evidence from Madagascar." Economic Development and Cultural Change 54 (3): 579-603.
25. Ghatak, Maitreesh, and Maitreya Ghatak. 2002. "Recent Reforms in the Panchayat System in West Bengal: Toward Greater Participatory Governance?" Economic and Political Weekly of India 37 (1): 45-58.
26. Hirschman, Albert O. 1970. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
27. Institute of Social Sciences. 1995. Status of Panchayati Raj in the States of India 1994. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Co.
28. Institute of Social Sciences. 2000. Status of Panchayati Raj in the States and Union Territories of India 2000. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Co.
29. Iyengar, Radha. 2009. "Does the Certainty of Arrest Reduce Domestic Violence? Evidence from Mandatory and Recommended Arrest Laws." Journal of Public Economics 93 (1-2): 85-98.
30. Iyer, Lakshmi, and Anandi Mani. 2012. "Traveling Agents: Political Change and Bureaucratic Turnover in India." Review of Economics and Statistics 94 (3): 723-39.
31. Iyer, Lakshmi, Anandi Mani, Prachi Mishra, and Petia Topalova. 2012. "The Power of Political Voice: Women's Political Representation and Crime in India: Dataset." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.4.4.165.
32. Jensen, Robert, and Emily Oster. 2009. "The Power of TV: Cable Television and Women's Status in India." Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 (3): 1057-94.
33. Kelly, Morgan. 2000. "Inequality and Crime." Review of Economics and Statistics 82 (4): 530-39.
34. Krishnan, Nandini. 2007. "Political Reservations and Rural Public Good Provision in India." www.cid. harvard.edu/neudc07/docs/neudc07_sl_p16_Krishnan.pdf. (accessed August 2012).
35. Levitt, Steven D. 1997. "Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime." American Economic Review 87 (3): 270-90.
36. Miguel, Edward. 2005. "Poverty and Witch Killing." Review of Economic Studies 72 (4): 1153-72. Ministry of Panchayati Raj. 2008a. Study on Elected Women Representatives in Panchayati Raj Institutions. Government of India. New Delhi.
37. Ministry of Panchayati Raj. 2008a. Study on Elected Women Representatives in Panchayati Raj Institutions. Government of India. New Delhi.
38. Ministry of Panchayati Raj. 2008b. The State of Panchayats, 2007-08: An Independent Assessment. Government of India. New Delhi.
39. National Commission for Women. 2000. Report of the Workshop on Gender Justice: Forging Partnership with Law Enforcement Agencies. National Commission for Women. New Delhi.
40. Pande, Rohini. 2003. "Can Mandated Political Representation Increase Policy Influence for Disadvantaged Minorities? Theory and Evidence from India." American Economic Review 93 (4): 1132-51.
41. Pande, Rohini, and Deanna Ford. 2011. "Gender Quotas and Female Leadership: A Review, Background Paper for the World Development Report on Gender." Unpublished.
42. Powley, Elizabeth. 2007. "Rwanda: The Impact of Women Legislators on Policy Outcomes Affecting Children and Families, Background Paper for the State of the World's Children." http://www.unicef.org/sowc07/report/background.php.
43. Prasad, Kislaya. Forthcoming. "Economic Liberalization and Violent Crime in India: 1985-2005." Journal of Law and Economics.
44. Rajaraman, Indira, and Manish Gupta. 2012. "Public Expenditure Choices and Gender Quotas." Indian Growth and Development Review 5 (2).
45. Sekhri, Sheetal, and Adam Storeygard. 2010. "The Impact of Climate Variability on Vulnerable Populations: Evidence on Crimes against Women and Disadvantaged Minorities in India." Unpublished.
46. Soares, Rodrigo R. 2004. "Development, Crime and Punishment: Accounting for the International Differences in Crime Rates." Journal of Development Economics 73 (1): 155-84.
47. Sotomayor, Sonia. 2002. "A Latina Judge's Voice." Berkeley La Raza Law Journal 13 (1).
48. Stevenson, Betsey, and Justin Wolfers. 2006. "Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: Divorce Laws and Family Distress." Quarterly Journal of Economics 121 (1): 267-88.
49. U.S. Kerner Commission. 1968. United States Kerner Commission Report. New York: Dutton.
50. Washington, Ebonya L. 2008. "Female Socialization: How Daughters Affect Their Legislator Fathers' Voting on Women's Issues." American Economic Review 98 (1): 311-32.