Phyto-climatic gradient of vegetation and habitat specificity in the high elevation Western Himalayas

Pakistan Journal of Botany

Volumn 45, Issue SPL.ISS, 2013, Pages 223-230

  Mulk Khan, Shujaul ^a,b   Page, Sue ^b   Ahmad, Habib ^a   Zahidullah, ^c   Shaheen, Hamayun ^c   Ahamd, Mushtaq ^c   Harper, David ^b  

^a HAZARA UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c QUAID I AZAM UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRYPTOPHYTA;

EID: 84873438869     PISSN: 05563321     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Ahmad, H., S.M. Khan, S. Ghafoor and N. Ali. 2009. Ethnobotanical study of upper siran. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants, 15(1): 86-97.
2. Ali, S.I. 2008. Significance of Flora with special reference to Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 40(3): 967-971.
3. Ali, S.I., E. Nasir, M. Qaiser. 1972-2009. Flora of Pakistan. in Anonymous Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, The University of California, USA.
4. Anderson, M.J., K.E. Ellingsen and B.H. McArdle. 2006. Multivariate dispersion as a measure of beta diversity. Ecol. Lett., 9(6): 683-693.
5. Chawla, A., S. Rajkumar, K.N. Singh, B. Lal, R.D. Singh and A.K. Thukral. 2008. Plant species diversity along an altitudinal gradient of Bhabha Valley in western Himalaya. J. Mt. Sci., 5(2): 157-177.
6. Clymo, R.S. 1980. Preliminary survey of the peat-bog Hummell Knowe Moss using various numerical methods. Vegetatio., 42(1-3): 129-148.
7. Cox, G.W. 1996. Laboratory Manual of General Ecology. Willium C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque. 81 p.
8. Currie, D.J. and A.P. Francis. 2004. Regional versus climate effect on taxon richness in angiosperms; reply to Qian and Ricklefs. American Naturalist, 163: 780-785.
9. Dasti, A.A., S. Saima, M. Athar, Attiq-ur-Rahman and S.A. Malik. 2007. Botanical composition and multivariate analysis of vegetation on the Pothowar Plateau, Pakistan. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Tex., 1(1): 557-568.
10. Digby, P.G.N. and R.A. Kempton. 2010. Multivariate analysis of ecological communities. Chapman and Hall, London. 574.524 p.
11. Dufrêne, M. and P. Legendre. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol. Monogr., 67(3): 345-366.
12. Eberhardt, E., W.B. Dickoré and G. Miehe. 2007. Vegetation map of the Batura Valley (Hunza Karakorum, North Pakistan). Erdkunde, 61(1): 93-112.
13. Everson, C. and G. Clarke. 1987. A comparison of six methods of botanical analysis in the montane grasslands of Natal. Plant Ecol., 73(1): 47-51.
14. Ewald, J. 2003. A critique for phytosociology. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14(2): 291-296.
15. Gauch, H.G. 2010. Multivariate analysis in community ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 574.524 p.
16. Givnish, T.J. 1999. On the causes of gradients in tropical tree dversity. Journal of Ecology, 87: 193-210.
17. Goldsmith, F.B., C.M. Harrison and A.J. Morton. 1986. Description and analysis of vegetation. Methods in plant ecology. 2nd edition. 437-524.
18. Greig-Smith, P. 2010. Quantitative plant ecology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. 581.5 p.
19. Hamayun, M., S.A. Khan, I. Lee and M.A. Khan. 2006. Conservation assessment of Hindu-Kush Mountain Region of Pakistan: A case study of Utror and Gabral Valleys, District Swat, Pakistan. Asian J. Plant Sci., 5(4): 725-732.
20. Haserodt, K. 1980. Variations in the horizontal and vertical landscape pattern in Chitral, Pakistan Hindu Kush. Arbeiten Geographischen Institut des Universitat der Saarlandes, 29: 233-250.
21. Heaney, A. and J. Proctor. 1989. Chemical elements in fitter at a range of altitude on Volcan barva, costa Rica: Nutrients in Tropical Forest and Sawanna Ecosystems. P. 255-271 in Anonymous J. Proctor. Blackwell Scientific publications, Oxford.
22. Hill, M.O. and H.G. Gauch. 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: An improved ordination technique. Vegetatio, 42(1-3): 47-58.
23. Ilyas M., Z.K. Shinwari and R. Qureshi. 2012. Vegetation Composition and Threats to the Montane Temperate Forest Ecosystem of Qalagai Hills, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 44: 113-122. Special Issue May 2012.
24. Jongman, R.H.G., C.J.F.T. Braak and O.F.R. van Tongeren. 1995. Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
25. Kent, M. and P. Coker. 1994. Vegetation description and analysis: a practical approach. John Wiley, Chichester.
26. Khan, S.M. 2012. Plant Communities and Vegetation Ecosystem Services in the Naran Valley, Western Himalaya. PhD Thesis, University of Leicester, UK. 249 p.
27. Khan S.M., S. Page, H. Ahmad and D.M. Harper, 2012a. Anthropogenic influences on the natural ecosystem of the Naran Valley in the Western Himalayas. Pak. J. Bot., 44: SI 2-231-238.
28. Khan, S.M., S. Page, H. Ahmad and D.M. Harper, 2012b. Identifying plant species and communities across environmental gradients in the Western Himalayas: Method development and conservation use. J. Ecol. Informatics, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2012.11.010.
29. Khan, S.M., D.M. Harper, S. Page and H. Ahmad. 2011a. Species and Community Diversity of Vascular Flora along environmental gradient in Naran Valley: A multivariate approach through Indicator Species Analysis. Pak. J. Bot., 43(5): 2337-2346.
30. Khan, S.M., D.M. Harper, S. Page and H. Ahmad. 2011b. Residual Value Analyses of the Medicinal Flora of the Western Himalayas: the Naran Valley, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 43: SI-97-104.
31. Khan, S.W. and S. Khatoon. 2007. Ethnobotanical studies on useful trees and shrubs of Haramosh and Bugrote valleys, in Gilgit northern areas of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 39(3): 699-710.
32. Kharkwal, G., P. Mehrotra, Y.S. Rawat and Y.P.S. Pangtey. 2005. Phytodiversity and growth form in relation to altitudinal gradient in the Central Himalayan (Kumaun) region of India. Curr. Sci., 89(5): 873-878.
33. Leveque, C. 2001. Ecology: From Ecosystem to Biosphere. Science publishers, Inc. Enfield (NH), USA and Plymouth, UK. 472 p.
34. Lloyd, K.M., A.A.M. McQueen, B.J. Lee, R.C.B. Wilson, S. Walker and J.B. Wilson. 2000. Evidence on ecotone concepts from switch, environmental and anthropogenic ecotones. J. Vegetation Science, 11(6): 903-910.
35. Marston, R.A. 2008. Land, life, and environmental change in mountains. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 98(3): 507-520.
36. McCune, B. and J.B. Grace. 2002. Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software Design Gleneden Beach, Oregon. 299 p.
37. McGrady-Steed, J. and P.J. Morin. 2000. Biodiversity, density compensation, and the dynamics of populations and functional groups. Ecology, 81(2): 361-373.
38. McIntosh, R.P. 1978. Phytosociology. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, Pa.
39. Moore, P.D. and S.B Chapman. 1986. Methods in plant ecology. Second edition.
40. Mucina, L. 1997. Classification of vegetation: Past, present and future. P. 751-760 in J. Vegetation Science; Meeting of the Societa-Italiana-di-Fitosociologia, Anonymous.
41. Normander, B., G. Levin, A. Auvinen, H. Bratli, O. Stabbetorp, M. Hedblom, A. Glimskär and G.A. Gudmundsson. 2012. Indicator framework for measuring quantity and quality of biodiversity-Exemplified in the Nordic countries. Ecol. Ind., 13(1): 104-116.
42. Nüsser, M. and J. Clemens. 1996. Impacts on mixed mountain agriculture in the Rupal Valley, Nanga Parbat, northern Pakistan. Mt. Res. Dev., 16(2): 117-133.
43. Patel, H., B.K. Jain, Y.B Dabgar. 2010. Life form and phyto-climate of Sebhargog region, north Gujarat, India. Plant Archives, 10: 965-966.
44. Peer, T., A. Millinger, J.P. Gruber and F. Hussain. 2001. Vegetation and altitudinal zonation in relation to the impact of grazing in the steppe lands of the Hindu Kush Range (N-Pakistan). Phytocoenologia, 31(4): 477-498.
45. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography: being the collected papers of C.Raunkiaer. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
46. Saima, S., A.A. Dasti, F. Hussain, S.M. Wazir and S.A. Malik. 2009. Floristic compositions along an 18 - km long transect in ayubia National Park district Abbottabad, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 41(5): 2115-2127.
47. Saqib Z., R.N. Malik, M.I. Shinwari and Z.K. Shinwari. 2011. Species Richness, Ethnobotanical Species Richness and Human Settlements along a Himalayan Altitudinal Gradient: Prioritizing Plant Conservation in Palas Valley, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 43 (Special Issue): 129-133.
48. Shaheen, H., S.M. Khan, D.M. Harper, Z. Ullah and R. Allem Qureshi. 2011. Species diversity, community structure, and distribution patterns in western Himalayan alpine pastures of Kashmir, Pakistan. Mountain Research and Development, 31(2): 153-159.
49. Shaheen H., Z. Ullah, S.M. Khan, and D.M. Harper, 2012a. Species composition and community structure of western Himalayan moist temperate forests in Kashmir. Forest Ecology and Management, 278:138-145.
50. Shaheen H., Z.K. Shinwari, R.A. Qureshi and Z. Ullah. 2012b. Indigenous Plant Resources and their Utilization Practices in Village Populations of Kashmir Himalayas Pak. J. Bot., 44(2): 739-745.
51. Shaheen H., & Z.K. Shinwari. 2012. Phyto diversity and Endemic richness of Karambar Lake Vegetation from Chitral, Hindukush-Himalayas. Pak. J. Bot., 44(1): 17-21.
52. Sharma, E., N. Chettri and K.P. Oli. 2010. Mountain biodiversity conservation and management: A paradigm shift in policies and practices in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas. Ecol. Res., 25(5): 909-923.
53. Sheikh, K., T. Ahmad and M.A. Khan. 2002. Use, exploitation and prospects for conservation: people and plant biodiversity of Naltar Valley, northwestern Karakorums, Pakistan. Biodivers. Conserv., 11(4): 715-742.
54. Ter Braak, C.J.F. 1988. CANOCO-an extension of DECORANA to analyze species-environment relationships. Vegetatio, 75(3): 159-160.
55. Shinwari, Z.K. and M. Qaisar. 2011. Efforts On Conservation And Sustainable Use Of Medicinal Plants Of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 43 (Special Issue): 5-10.
56. Ter Braak, C.J.F. 1987. The analysis of vegetation-environment relationships by canonical correspondence analysis. Vegetatio, 69(1-3): 69-77.
57. Ter Braak, C.J.F. 1986. Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology, 67(5): 1167-1179.
58. Ter Braak, C.J.F. and L.G. Barendregt. 1986. Weighted averaging of species indicator values: Its efficiency in environmental calibration. Math. Biosci., 78(1): 57-72.
59. Terbraak, C.J.F. and I.C. Prentice. 1988. A Theory of Gradient Analysis. Adv. Ecol. Res., 18: 271-317.
60. Tüxen, R. and R.H. Whittaker. 2010. Handbook of vegetation science. Junk, The Hague. 581 p.
61. Vázquez, G.J.A. and T.J. Givnish. 1998. Altitudinal gradients in tropical forest composition, structure, and diversity in the Sierra de Manantlan. J. Ecol., 86(6): 999-1020.
62. Wazir, S.M., A.A. Dasti, S. Saima, J. Shah and F. Hussain. 2008. Multivariate analysis of vegetation of Chapursan valley: An alpine meadow in Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 40(2): 615-626.
63. Wilke, F.D.H., P.J. O'Brien, U. Altenberger, M. Konrad-Schmolke and M.A. Khan. 2010. Multi-stage reaction history in different eclogite types from the Pakistan Himalaya and implications for exhumation processes. Lithos, 114(1-2): 70-85.
64. Willig, M.R., D.M. Kaufman and R.D. Stevens. 2003. Latitudinal Gradients of Biodiversity: Pattern, Process, Scale, and Synthesis. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34: 273-309.
65. Zobel, D.B. and S.P. Singh. 1997. Himalayan forests and ecological generalizations: Forest in the Himalaya differ significantly from both tropical and temperate forest. Bioscience, 47(11): 735-745.