Menthol cigarettes, race/ethnicity, and biomarkers of tobacco use in U.S. Adults: The 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 224-232

  Jones, Miranda R ^a   Apelberg, Benjamin J ^a,c   Tellez Plaza, Maria ^a   Samet, Jonathan M ^b   Navas Acien, Ana ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 (METHYLNITROSAMINO) 1 (3 PYRIDYL) 1 BUTANOL); BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BUTANOL; CADMIUM; COTININE; LEAD; MENTHOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEXICO; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; URINALYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CADMIUM; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COTININE; ETHNIC GROUPS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; LEAD; MALE; MENTHOL; MEXICAN AMERICANS; NITROSAMINES; NUTRITION SURVEYS; PROGNOSIS; PYRIDINES; SMOKING; TIME FACTORS; TOBACCO PRODUCTS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84873352861     PISSN: 10559965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0912     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004.
2. Giovino GA, Sidney S, Gfroerer JC, O'Malley PM, Allen JA, Richter PA, et al. Epidemiology of menthol cigarette use. Nicotine Tob Res 2004;6 Suppl 1:S67-S81.
3. Benowitz NL, Herrera B, Jacob P III. Mentholated cigarette smoking inhibits nicotine metabolism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004;310:1208-15.
4. Perez-Stable EJ, Herrera B, Jacob P III, Benowitz NL. Nicotine metabolism and intake in black and white smokers. JAMA 1998;280:152-6.
5. Jarvik ME, Tashkin DP, Caskey NH, McCarthy WJ, Rosenblatt MR. Mentholated cigarettes decrease puff volume of smoke and increase carbon monoxide absorption. Physiol Behav 1994;56:563-70.
6. Ahijevych K, Gillespie J, Demirci M, Jagadeesh J. Menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes and smoke exposure in black and white women. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996;53:355-60.
7. Ahijevych K, Parsley LA. Smoke constituent exposure and stage of change in black and white women cigarette smokers. Addict Behav 1999;24:115-20.
8. Caskey NH, Jarvik ME, McCarthy WJ, Rosenblatt MR, Gross TM, Carpenter CL. Rapid smoking of menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes by black and white smokers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1993;46:259-63.
9. McCarthy WJ, Caskey NH, Jarvik ME, Gross TM, Rosenblatt MR, Carpenter C. Menthol vs nonmenthol cigarettes: effects on smoking behavior. Am J Public Health 1995;85:67-72.
10. Nil R, Battig K. Separate effects of cigarette smoke yield and smoke taste on smoking behavior. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1989;99:54-9.
11. Pickworth WB, Moolchan ET, Berlin I, Murty R. Sensory and physiologic effects of menthol and non-menthol cigarettes with differing nicotine delivery. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002;71:55-61.
12. Lawrence D, Cadman B, Hoffman AC. Sensory properties of menthol and smoking topography. Tob Induc Dis 2011;9 Suppl 1:S3.
13. Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee (TPSAC). Menthol cigarettes and public health: review of the scientific evidence and recommendations. Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration; 2011.
14. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. How tobacco smoke causes disease: the biology and behavioral basis for smoking-attributable disease: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
15. Smith CJ, Perfetti TA, Garg R, Hansch C. IARC carcinogens reported in cigarette mainstream smoke and their calculated log P values. Food Chem Toxicol 2003;41:807-17.
16. Clark PI, Gautam S, Gerson LW. Effect of menthol cigarettes on biochemical markers of smoke exposure among black and white smokers. Chest 1996;110:1194-8.
17. Heck JD. Smokers of menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes exhibit similar levels of biomarkers of smoke exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:622-9.
18. Muscat JE, Chen G, Knipe A, Stellman SD, Lazarus P, Richie JP Jr. Effects of menthol on tobacco smoke exposure, nicotine dependence, and NNAL glucuronidation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:35-41.
19. Mustonen TK, Spencer SM, Hoskinson RA, Sachs DP, Garvey AJ. The influence of gender, race, and menthol content on tobacco exposure measures. Nicotine Tob Res 2005;7:581-90.
20. Signorello LB, Cai Q, Tarone RE, McLaughlin JK, Blot WJ. Racial differences in serum cotinine levels of smokers. Dis Markers 2009;27:187-92.
21. Williams JM, Gandhi KK, Steinberg ML, Foulds J, Ziedonis DM, Benowitz NL. Higher nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in menthol cigarette smokers with and without schizophrenia. Nicotine Tob Res 2007;9:873-81.
22. Hoffman AC. The health effects of menthol cigarettes as compared to non-menthol cigarettes. Tob Induc Dis 2011;9 Suppl 1:S7.
23. Miller GE, Jarvik ME, Caskey NH, Segerstrom SC, Rosenblatt MR, McCarthy WJ. Cigarette mentholation increases smokers' exhaled carbon monoxide levels. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994;2:154-60.
24. Caraballo RS, Holiday DB, Stellman SD, Mowery PD, Giovino GA, Muscat JE, et al. Comparison of serum cotinine concentration within and across smokers of menthol and nonmenthol cigarette brands among non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white U. S. adult smokers, 2001-2006. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20:1329-40.
25. Benowitz NL. Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Epidemiol Rev 1996;18:188-204.
26. Benowitz NL, Hukkanen J, Jacob P III. Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2009;192:29-60.
27. Perez-Stable EJ, Benowitz NL, Marin G. Is serum cotinine a better measure of cigarette smoking than self-report? Prev Med 1995;24:171-9.
28. Galazyn-Sidorczuk M, Brzoska MM, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J. Estimation of Polish cigarettes contamination with cadmium and lead, and exposure to these metals via smoking. Environ Monit Assess 2008;137:481-93.
29. Kalcher K, Kern W, Pietsch R. Cadmium and lead in the smoke of a filter cigarette. Sci Total Environ 1993;128:21-35.
30. Pappas RS, Polzin GM, Zhang L, Watson CH, Paschal DC, Ashley DL. Cadmium, lead, and thallium in mainstream tobacco smoke particulate. Food Chem Toxicol 2006;44:714-23.
31. Church TR, Anderson KE, Caporaso NE, Geisser MS, Le CT, Zhang Y, et al. A prospectively measured serum biomarker for a tobaccospecific carcinogen and lung cancer in smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:260-6.
32. Hecht SS. Biochemistry, biology, and carcinogenicity of tobaccospecific N-nitrosamines. Chem Res Toxicol 1998;11:559-603.
33. Hecht SS. Human urinary carcinogen metabolites: biomarkers for investigating tobacco and cancer. Carcinogenesis 2002;23:907-22.
34. Benowitz NL, Bernert JT, Caraballo RS, Holiday DB, Wang J. Optimal serum cotinine levels for distinguishing cigarette smokers and nonsmokers within different racial/ethnic groups in the United States between 1999 and 2004. Am J Epidemiol 2009;169:236-48.
35. Bernert JT, Pirkle JL, Xia Y, Jain RB, Ashley DL, Sampson EJ. Urine concentrations of a tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogen in the U. S. population from secondhand smoke exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19:2969-77.
36. Lee MG, Chun OK, Song WO. Determinants of the blood lead level of US women of reproductive age. J Am Coll Nutr 2005;24:1-9.
37. Tellez-Plaza M, Navas-Acien A, Caldwell KL, Menke A, Muntner P, Guallar E. Reduction in cadmium exposure in the United States population, 1988-2008: the contribution of declining smoking rates. Environ Health Perspect 2012;120:204-9.
38. Jarup L, Rogenfelt A, Elinder CG, Nogawa K, Kjellstrom T. Biological half-time of cadmium in the blood of workers after cessation of exposure. Scand J Work Environ Health 1983;9:327-31.
39. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for lead. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; Atlanta, GA, 2007 Aug.
40. Goniewicz ML, Eisner MD, Lazcano-Ponce E, Zielinska-Danch W, Koszowski B, Sobczak A, et al. Comparison of urine cotinine and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and their ratio to discriminate active from passive smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 2011;13:202-8.
41. Apostolou A, Garcia-Esquinas E, Fadrowski JJ, McLain P, Weaver VM, Navas-Acien A. Secondhand tobacco smoke: a source of lead exposure in US children and adolescents. Am J Public Health 2012;102:714-22.
42. Lumley T. Analysis of complex survey samples. J Stat Softw 2004;9:1-19.
43. Lumley T. Survey: analysis of complex survey samples. R package version 3.24 [cited 2011 Nov. 10]. Available from: http://cran. r-project.org/web/ packages/survey/index/html.
44. R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing [cited 2011 Nov. 10]. Available from: http://www. R-project.org/.
45. Gutenmann WH, Bache CA, Lisk DJ, Hoffmann D, Adams JD, Elfving DC. Cadmium and nickel in smoke of cigarettes prepared from tobacco cultured on municipal sludge-amended soil. J Toxicol Environ Health 1982;10:423-31.
46. Smith CJ, Livingston SD, Doolittle DJ. An international literature survey of "IARC Group I carcinogens" reported in mainstream cigarette smoke. Food Chem Toxicol 1997;35:1107-30.
47. Wertz MS, Kyriss T, Paranjape S, Glantz SA. The toxic effects of cigarette additives. Philip Morris' project mix reconsidered: an analysis of documentsreleased through litigation. PLoS Med 2011;8:e1001145.
48. Carmines EL. Evaluation of the potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 1: cigarette design, testing approach, and review of results. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:77-91.
49. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans. Vol. 58: Beryllium, cadmium, mercury, and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry. Cadmium. Lyon, France: IARC; 1993 Feb.
50. Gallagher CM, Kovach JS, Meliker JR. Urinary cadmium and osteoporosis in U. S. Women>or=50 years of age: NHANES1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Environ Health Perspect 2008;116:1338-43.
51. Gallagher CM, Chen JJ, Kovach JS. Environmental cadmium and breast cancer risk. Aging 2010;2:804-14.
52. Gallagher CM, Meliker JR. Blood and urine cadmium, blood pressure, and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect 2010;118:1676-84.
53. Peters JL, Perlstein TS, Perry MJ, McNeely E, Weuve J. Cadmium exposure in association with history of stroke and heart failure. Environ Res 2010;110:199-206.
54. Tellez-Plaza M, Navas-Acien A, Menke A, Crainiceanu CM, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E. Cadmium exposure and all cause and cardiovascular mortality in the US general population. Environ Health Perspect 2012;120:1017-22.
55. Hwangbo Y, Weaver VM, Tellez-Plaza M, Guallar E, Lee BK, Navas-Acien A. Blood cadmium and estimated glomerular filtration rate in Korean adults. Environ Health Perspect 2011;119:1800-5.
56. Navas-Acien A, Tellez-Plaza M, Guallar E, Muntner P, Silbergeld E, Jaar B, et al. Blood cadmium and lead and chronic kidney disease in US adults: a joint analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2009;170:1156-64.
57. Xia Y, Bernert JT, Jain RB, Ashley DL, Pirkle JL. Tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in smokers in the United States: NHANES 2007-2008. Biomarkers 2011;16:112-9.
58. Vozoris NT. Mentholated cigarettes and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med 2012;172:590-1.
59. Murray RP, Connett JE, Skeans MA, Tashkin DP. Menthol cigarettes and health risks in Lung Health Study data. Nicotine Tob Res 2007;9:101-7.
60. Pletcher MJ, Hulley BJ, Houston T, Kiefe CI, Benowitz N, Sidney S. Menthol cigarettes, smoking cessation, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary function: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1915-22.
61. Brooks DR, Palmer JR, Strom BL, Rosenberg L. Menthol cigarettes and risk of lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:609-16.
62. Carpenter CL, Jarvik ME, Morgenstern H, McCarthy WJ, London SJ. Mentholated cigarette smoking and lung-cancer risk. Ann Epidemiol 1999;9:114-20.
63. Hebert JR, Kabat GC. Menthol cigarette smoking and oesophageal cancer. Int J Epidemiol 1989;18:37-44.
64. Kabat GC, Hebert JR. Use of mentholated cigarettes and lung cancer risk. Cancer Res 1991;51:6510-3.
65. Kabat GC, Hebert JR. Use of mentholated cigarettes and oropharyngeal cancer. Epidemiology 1994;5:183-8.
66. Blot WJ, Cohen SS, Aldrich M, McLaughlin JK, Hargreaves MK, Signorello LB. Lung cancer risk among smokers of menthol cigarettes. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011;103:810-6.
67. Rostron B. Lung cancer mortality risk for U. S. menthol cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2012;14:1140-4.
68. Gandhi KK, Foulds J, Steinberg MB, Lu SE, Williams JM. Lower quit rates among African American and Latino menthol cigarette smokers at a tobacco treatment clinic. Int J Clin Pract 2009;63:360-7.
69. Hyland A, Garten S, Giovino GA, Cummings KM. Mentholated cigarettes and smoking cessation: findings from COMMIT. Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation. Tob Control 2002;11:135-9.
70. Okuyemi KS, Ahluwalia JS, Ebersole-Robinson M, Catley D, Mayo MS, Resnicow K. Does menthol attenuate the effect of bupropion among African American smokers? Addiction 2003;98:1387-93.
71. Okuyemi KS, Ebersole-Robinson M, Nazir N, Ahluwalia JS. African-American menthol and nonmenthol smokers: differences in smoking and cessation experiences. J Natl Med Assoc 2004;96:1208-11.
72. Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M, Friberg L. Cadmium. In: Handbook on the toxicology of metals. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2007. p. 445-86.
73. Richter PA, Bishop EE, Wang J, Swahn MH. Tobacco smoke exposure and levels of urinary metals in the U. S. youth and adult population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2009;6:1930-46.
74. Roper Organization. A study of smokers' habits and attitudes with special emphasis on low tar and menthol cigarettes volume I. Research, March 1979 [cited 2011 Nov. 11]. Available from: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ zvt46b00.