Dual-polarization radar rainfall estimation

Geophysical Monograph Series

Volumn 191, Issue , 2010, Pages 105-125

  Cifelli, Robert ^a,b   Chandrasekar, V ^c  

^a Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

^b EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^c Department of Mechanical Engineering   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873175139     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1029/2010GM000930     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Anagnostou, E. N., M. N. Anagnostou,W. F. Krajewski, A. Kruger, and B. J. Miriovsky (2004), High-resolution rainfall estimation fromX-band polarimetric radar measurements, J. Hydrometeorol., 5, 110-128
2. Andsager, K., K. V. Beard, and N. F. Laird (1999), Laboratory measurements of axis ratios for large drops, J. Atmos. Sci, 56, 2673-2683
3. Atlas, D., and C. W. Ulbrich (1977), Path- and area-integrated rainfall measurement by microwave attenuation in the 1-3 cm band, J. Appl. Meteorol., 16, 1322-1331
4. Atlas, D., and C. W. Ulbrich (1990), Early foundations of the measurement of rainfall by radar, in Radar in Meteorology, edited by D. Atlas, pp. 86-97, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass
5. Aydin, K., T. Seliga, and V. Balaji (1986), Remote sensing of hail with a dual linear polarization radar, J. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 1475-1484
6. Aydin, K., H. Direskeneli, and T. A. Seliga (1987), Dual-polarization radar estimation of rainfall parameters compared with groundbased disdrometer measurements: October 29, 1982 Central Illinois Experiment, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., GE-25, 834-844
7. Aydin, K., Y. Zhao, and T. Seliga (1990), A differential reflectivity radar hall measurement technique: Observations during the Denver hailstorm of 13 June 1984, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 104-113
8. Battan, L. J. (1973), Radar Observations of the Atmosphere, 324 pp., Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill
9. Beard, K.V., and C. Chuang (1987),Anew model for the equilibrium shape of raindrops, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1509-1524
10. Brandes, E. A., and K. Ikeda (2004), Freezing-level estimation with polarimetric radar, J. Appl. Meteorol., 43, 1541-1553
11. Brandes, E. A., A.V.Ryzhkov, and D. S. Zrnić (2001), An evaluation of radar rainfall estimates from specific differential phase, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 363-375
12. Brandes, E. A., G. Zhang, and J. Vivekanandan (2003), An evaluation of a drop distribution-based rainfall estimator, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42, 652-660
13. Brandes, E. A., G. Zhang, and J. Vivekanandan (2004), Comparison of polarimetric radar drop size distribution retrieval algorithms, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 584-598
14. Bringi, V. N., and V. Chandrasekar (2001), Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar: Principles and Applications, 635 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York
15. Bringi, V. N., L. Liu, P. C. Kennedy, V. Chandrasekar, and S. A. Rutledge (1996), Dual multiparameter radar observations of intense convective storms: The 24 June 1992 case study, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 59, 3-31
16. Calheiros, R., and I. Zawadzki (1987), Reflectivity-rain rate relationships for radar hydrology in Brazil, J. Appl. Meteorol., 26, 118-132
17. Carey, L. D., S. A. Rutledge, D. A. Ahijevych, and T. D. Keenan( 2000a), Correcting propagation effects in C-band polarimetric radar observations of tropical convection using differential propagation phase, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 1405-1433
18. Carey, L. D., R. Cifelli,W. A. Petersen, and S. A. Rutledge (2000b), Preliminary report on TRMM-LBA rainfall estimation using the S-POL radar, Tech. Rep. 697, 19 pp., Dept. Atmos. Sci., Colo
19. State Univ. Chandrasekar, V., and V. N. Bringi (1987), Simulation of radar reflectivity and surface measurements of rainfall, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 464-478
20. Chandrasekar, V., and V. N. Bringi (1988), Error structure of multiparameter radar and surface measurements of rainfall Part I: Differential reflectivity, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 5, 783-795
21. Chandrasekar, V., and S. Lim (2008), Retrieval of reflectivity in a networked radar environment, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 1755-1767
22. Chandrasekar, V., V. Bringi, N. Balakrishnan, and D. Zrnić (1990), Error structure of multiparameter radar and surface measurements of rainfall part III: Specific differential phase, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 621-629
23. Chandrasekar, V., E. Gorgucci, and G. Scarchilli (1993), Optimization of multiparameter radar estimates of rainfall, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 1288-1293
24. Chandrasekar,V., R. Meneghini, and I. Zawadzki (2003), Global and local precipitation measurements by radar, Meteorol. Monogr., 30, 215-236
25. Cifelli, R.,W. A. Petersen, L. D. Carey, S. A. Rutledge, and M. A. F. da Silva Dias (2002), Radar observations of the kinematic, microphysical, and precipitation characteristics of two MCSs in TRMM LBA, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D20), 8077, doi:10.1029/ 2000JD000264
26. Cifelli, R., D. Barjenbruch, D. Brunkow, L. Carey, C. Davey, N. Doesken, C. Gimmestad, T. Huse., P. Kennedy, and S. A. Rutledge (2003), Evaluation of an operational polarimetric rainfall algorithm, paper presented at 31st International Conference on Radar Meteorology, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Seattle, Wash., 6-11 Aug
27. Cifelli, R., V. Chandrasekar, S. Lim, P. Kennedy, Y. Wang, and S. A. Rutledge (2010), A new dual-polarization radar rainfall algorithm: Application in Colorado precipitation events, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., in press
28. Dolan, B., and S. A. Rutledge (2009), A theory-based hydrometeor identification algorithm for X-band polarimetric radars, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 2071-2088
29. Dye, J. E., C. A. Knight, V. Toutenhoofd, and T.W. Cannon (1974), The mechanism of precipitation formation in northeastern Colorado Cumulus III. Coordinated microphysical and radar observations and summary, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 2152-2159
30. Fulton, R. A., J. P. Breidenbach, D. J. Seo, D. A. Miller, and T. O?Bannon (1998), The WSR-88D rainfall algorithm, Weather Forecast., 13, 377-395
31. Giangrande, S. E., and A. V. Ryzhkov (2008), Estimation of rainfall based on the results of polarimetric echo classification, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 47, 2445-2462
32. Golestani, Y., V. Chandrasekar, and V. N. Bringi (1989), Intercomparison of multiparameter radar measurements, paper presented at 24th Conference on Radar Meteorology, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass
33. Gorgucci, E., and V. Chandrasekar (2005), Evaluation of attenuation correction methodology for dual-polarization radars: Application to X-band systems, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 1195-1206
34. Gorgucci, E., V. Chandrasekar, and G. Scarchilli (1995), Radar and surface measurement of rainfall during CaPE: 26 July 1991 Case Study, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 1570-1577
35. Gorgucci, E., G. Scarchilli, V. Chandrasekar, and V. N. Bringi( 2000), Measurement of mean raindrop shape from polarimetric radar observations, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3406-3413
36. Gorgucci, E., G. Scarchilli, V. Chandrasekar, and V. N. Bringi( 2001), Rainfall estimation from polarimetric radar measurements: Composite algorithms immune to variability in raindrop shape-size relation, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 1773-1786
37. Gorgucci, E., V. Chandrasekar, V. N. Bringi, and G. Scarchilli( 2002), Estimation of raindrop size distribution parameters from polarimetric radar measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2373-2384
38. Gorgucci, E., L. Baldini, and V. Chandrasekar (2006), What is the shape of a raindrop? An answer from radar measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 3033-3044
39. Gorgucci, E., V. Chandrasekar, and L. Baldini (2009), Can a unique model describe the raindrop shape-size relation? A clue from polarimetric radar measurements, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 1829-1842
40. Gourley, J. J., P. Tabary, and J. Parent du Chatelet (2007), A fuzzy logic algorithm for the separation of precipitating from nonprecipitating echoes using polarimetric radar observations, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 1439-1451
41. Green, A. W. (1975), An approximation for the shapes of large raindrops, J. Appl. Meteorol., 14, 1578-1583
42. Haddad, Z. S., D. A. Short, S. L. Durden, E. Im, S. Hensley, M. B. Grable, and R. A. Black (1997), A new parameterizing of raindrop size distribution, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35, 532-539
43. Hendry, A., and Y. M. M. Antar (1984), Precipitation particle identification with centimeter wavelength dual-polarization radars, Radio Sci., 19, 115-122
44. Höller, H., V. N. Bringi, J. Hubbert, M. Hagen, and P. F. Meischner( 1994), Life cycle and precipitation formation in a hybrid-type hailstorm revealed by polarimetric and Doppler radar measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2500-2522
45. Hubbert, J. C., M. Dixon, and S. M. Ellis (2009), Weather radar ground clutter. Part II: Real-time identification and filtering, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 1181-1197
46. Jameson, A. (1983), Microphysical interpretation of multi-parameter radar measurements in rain part I: Interpretation of polarization measurements and estimation of raindrop shapes, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1792-1802
47. Jameson, A. (1985), Microphysical interpretation of multiparameter radar measurements in rain part III: Interpretation and measurement of propagation differential phase shift between Oorthogonal linear polarizations, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 607-614
48. Jones, B. K., J. R. Saylor, and F. Y. Testik (2010), Raindrop morphodynamics, in Rainfall: State of the Science, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., doi: 10.1029/2009GM000928, this volume
49. Keenan, T. D., D. Zrnić, L. Carey, P. May, and S. Rutledge (1997), Sensitivity of C-band polarimetric variables to propagation and backscatter effects in rain, paper presented at 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Austin, Tex
50. Keenan, T. D., L. D. Carey, D. S. Zrnić, and P. T. May (2001), Sensitivity of 5-cm wavelength polarimetric radar variables to raindrop axial ratio and drop size distribution, J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 526-545
51. Kessinger, C., S. Ellis, and J. Van Andel (2001), NEXRAD Data Quality Enhancements: The AP Clutter Mitigation Scheme. 30th International Conference on Radar Meteorology, AMS, Munich, Germany, 19-25 July 2001
52. Kozu, T., and K. Nakamura (1991), Rain parameter estimation from dual-radar measurements combining reflectivity profile and path-integrated attenuation, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol, 8, 259-270
53. Lim, S., V. Chandrasekar, and V. N. Bringi (2005), Hydrometeor classification system using dual-polarization radar measurements: Model improvements and in situ verification, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43, 792-801
54. Liu, H., and V. Chandrasekar (1998), Classification of hydrometeor type based on multiparameter radar measurements, Proceedings, Intl. Conf. on Cloud Phys., pp. 253-256
55. Liu, H., and V. Chandrasekar (1999), Classification of hydrometeor type based on multiparameter radar measurements, 29th International Radar Conference, pp. 172-175, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass
56. Liu, H., and V. Chandrasekar (2000), Classification of hydrometeor type based on multiparameter radar measurements: Development of a fuzzy logic and neuro fuzzy systems and in situ verification, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 140-164
57. Liu, H., V. Chandrasekar, and G. Xu (2001), An adaptive neural network scheme for radar rainfall estimation from WSR-88D observations, J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 2038-2050
58. Marshall, J. S., R. C. Langille, and W. M. Palmer (1947), Measurement of rainfall by radar, J. Atmos. Sci., 4, 186-192
59. Matrosov, S. Y., K. A. Clark, B. E. Martner, and A. Tokay (2002), X-band polarimetric radar measurements of rainfall, J. Appl. Meteorol., 41, 941-952
60. Matrosov, S. Y., D. E. Kingsmill, B. E. Martner, and F. M. Ralph (2005), The utility of X-band polarimetric radar for quantitative estimates of rainfall parameters, J. Hydrometeorol., 6, 248-262
61. Matrosov, S. Y., R. Cifelli, P. C. Kennedy, S. W. Nesbitt, S. A. Rutledge, V. N. Bringi, and B. E. Martner (2006), A comparative study of rainfall retrievals based on specific differential phase shifts at X- and S-band radar frequencies, J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol., 23, 952-963
62. Matrosov, S. Y., K. A. Clark, and D. E. Kingsmill (2007), A polarimetric radar approach to identify rain, melting-layer, and snow regions for applying corrections to vertical profiles of reflectivity, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 46, 154-166
63. May, P. T., and T. D. Keenan (2005), Evaluation of microphysical retrievals from polarimetric radar with wind profiler data, J. Appl. Meteorol., 44, 827-838
64. May, P. T., T. D. Keenan, D. S. Zrnić, L.D. Carey, and S. A. Rutledge( 1999), Polarimetric radar measurements of tropical rain at a 5-cm wavelength, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 750-765
65. McCormick, G. C., and A. Hendry (1975), Principles for radar determination of the polarization properties of precipitation, Radio Sci., 10, 421-434
66. McLaughlin, D., et al. (2009), Short-wavelength technology and the potential for distributed networks of small radar systems, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 1797-1817
67. Moisseev, D. N., and V. Chandrasekar (2007), Examination of the ?-? relation suggested for drop size distribution parameters, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 847-855
68. Park, S.-G.,V. N. Bringi,V. Chandrasekar,M. Maki, and K. Iwanami( 2005), Correction of radar reflectivity and differential reflectivity for rain attenuation at X band part I: Theoretical and empirical basis, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 1621-1632
69. Petersen, W. A., L. D. Carey, S. A. Rutledge, J. C. Knievel, R. H. Johnson, N. J. Doesken, T. B. McKee, T. Vonder Haar, and J. F. Weaver (1999), Mesoscale and radar observations of the Fort Collins flash flood of 28 July 1997, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 191-216
70. Pruppacher, H. R., and K. V. Beard (1970), A wind tunnel investigation of the internal circulation and shape of water drops falling at terminal velocity in air, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 247-256
71. Pruppacher, H. R., and K. V. Beard (1971), A wind tunnel investigation of the internal circulation and shape of water drops falling at terminal velocity in air, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 133-134
72. Rosenfeld, D., D. B.Wolff, and D. Atlas (1993), General probabilitymatched relations between radar reflectivity and rain rate, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 50-72
73. Ryzhkov, A. V., and D. S. Zrnić (1995), Comparison of dualpolarization radar estimators of rain, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 249-256
74. Ryzhkov, A. V., and D. S. Zrnić (1996), Assessment of rainfall measurement that uses specific differential phase, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 2080-2090
75. Ryzhkov, A. V., and D. S. Zrnić (1998a), Polarimetric rainfall estimation in the presence of anomalous propagation, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 1320-1330
76. Ryzhkov, A. V., and D. S. Zrnić (1998b), Discrimination between rain and snow with a polarimetric radar, J. Appl. Meteorol., 37, 1228-1240
77. Ryzhkov, A. V., S. E. Giangrande, and T. J. Schuur (2005a), Rainfall estimation with a polarimetric prototype of WSR-88D, J. Appl. Meteorol., 44, 502-515
78. Ryzhkov, A. V., T. J. Schuur, D.W. Burgess, P. L. Heinselman, S. E. Giangrande, and D. S. Zrnić (2005b), The Joint Polarization Experiment: Polarimetric rainfall measurements and hydrometeor classification, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 809-824
79. Sachidananda, M., and D. S. Zrnić (1986), Differential propagation phase shift and rainfall rate estimation, Radio Sci., 21, 235-247
80. Scarchilli, G., E. Gorgucci,V. Chandrasekar, and T. A. Seliga (1993), Rainfall estimation using polarimetric techniques at C-band frequencies, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 1149-1160
81. Seliga, T. A., and V. N. Bringi (1976), Potential use of radar differential reflectivity measurements at orthogonal polarizations for measuring precipitation, J. Appl. Meteorol., 15, 69-76
82. Seliga, T. A., and R. G. Humphries (1990), Polarization diversity in radar meteorology: Early developments, in Radar in Meteorology, edited by D. Atlas, pp. 109-121, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass
83. Seo, D.-J., A. Seed, and G. Delrieu (2010), Radar and multisensor rainfall estimation for hydrologic applications, in Rainfall: State of the Science, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., doi: 10.1029/ 2010GM000952, this volume
84. Silvestro, F., N. Rebora, and L. Ferraris (2009), An algorithm for real-time rainfall rate estimation by using polarimetric radar: RIME, J. Hydrometeorol., 10, 227-240
85. Straka, J. M. (1996), Hydrometeor fields in a supercell storm as deduced from dual-polarization radar, paper presented at 18th Conference on Severe Local Storms, Am. Meteorol. Soc., San Francisco, Calif
86. Straka, J. M., and D. S. Zrnić (1993), An algorithm to deduce hydrometeor types and contents from multiparameter radar data, paper presented at 26th International Conference on Radar Meteorology, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Norman, Okla
87. Testud, J., E. Le Bouar, E. Obligis, and M. Ali-Mehenni (2000), The rain profiling algorithm applied to polarimetric weather radar, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 332-356
88. Thurai, M., andV. N. Bringi (2005), Drop axis ratios from a 2Dvideo disdrometer, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 966-978
89. Ulbrich, C. W. (1983), Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution, J. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 1764-1775
90. Vivekanandan, J., S. M. Ellis, R. Oye, D. S. Zrnić, A. V. Ryzhkov, and J. Straka (1999), Cloud microphysics retrieval using S-band dual-polarization radar measurements, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 381-388
91. Vulpiani, G., F. S. Marzano, V. Chandrasekar, A. Berne, and R. Uijlenhoet (2006), Polarimetric weather radar retrieval of raindrop size distribution by means of a regularized artificial neural network, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 3262-3275
92. Vulpiani, G., P. Tabary, J. Parent-Du-Chatelet, and F. S. Marzano( 2008), Comparison of advanced radar polarimetric techniques for operational attenuation correction at C-band, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 25, 1118-1135
93. Vulpiani, G., S. Giangrande, and F. S. Marzano (2009), Rainfall estimation from polarimetric S-band radar measurements: Validation of a neural network approach, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 48, 2022-2036
94. Wang, Y., and V. Chandrasekar (2009), Algorithm for estimation of the specific differential phase, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 2565-2578
95. Wang, Y., and V. Chandrasekar (2010), Quantitative precipitation estimation in CASA X-band dual-polarization radar network, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol
96. Wexler, R., and D. Swingle (1947), Radar storm detection, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 28, 159-167
97. Xiao, R., and V. Chandrasekar (1995), Multiparameter radar rainfall estimation using neural network techniques, Proceedings, Intl. Conf. Radar Meteor., Vail,CO, pp. 199-201, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass
98. Xiao, R., and V. Chandrasekar (1997), Development of neural network based algorithm for rainfall estimation based on radar measurements, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35, 160-171
99. Xu, G., and V. Chandrasekar (2005), Operational feasibility of neural-network-based radar rainfall estimation, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., 2, 13-17
100. Zawadzki, I. (1984), Factors affecting the precision of radar measurements of rain, paper presented at 22nd Conference on Radar Meteorology, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass
101. Zhang, G., J. Vivekanandan, and E. Brandes (2001), A method for estimating rain rate and drop size distribution from polarimetric radar measurements, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39, 830-841
102. Zrnić, D. S., and A. V. Ryzhkov (1999), Polarimetry for weather surveillance radars, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 389-406
103. Zrnić, D. S., A. Ryzhkov, J. Straka, Y. Liu, and J. Vivekanandan( 2001), Testing a procedure for automatic classification of hydrometeor types, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 892-913