Weather radar ground clutter. Part II: Real-time identification and filtering

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 26, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1181-1197

  Hubbert, J C ^a   Dixon, M ^a   Ellis, S M ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANOMALOUS PROPAGATION; CLUTTER FILTERS; DATA QUALITY; DENVER , COLORADO; DUAL-POLARIZATIONS; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; FUZZY LOGIC ALGORITHMS; GROUND CLUTTER; NEXT GENERATION WEATHER RADARS; PHASE ALIGNMENT; RADAR DATA; RADAR METEOROLOGY; RADAR PROCESSOR; RADAR RESOLUTION; REAL-TIME IDENTIFICATION; WEATHER DATA; WEATHER RADARS; ZERO VELOCITY;

DOPPLER RADAR; FUZZY FILTERS; FUZZY LOGIC; FUZZY SYSTEMS; METEOROLOGY; PULSE AMPLIFIERS; RADAR;

CLUTTER (INFORMATION THEORY);

ALGORITHM; DATA QUALITY; DOPPLER RADAR; ECHO SOUNDING; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FILTER; FUZZY MATHEMATICS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENT; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; METEOROLOGY; POLARIZATION; PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; REAL TIME; SAMPLING BIAS; SCATTERING; WEATHER;

EID: 73149093214     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009JTECHA1160.1     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Aoyagi, J., 1978: Ground clutter rejection by MTI weather radar. Preprints, 18th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 358-363.
2. Battan, L., 1973: Radar Observations of the Atmosphere. The University of Chicago Press, 324 pp.
3. Berenguer, M., D. Sempere-Torres, C. Corral, and R. Sánchez-Diezma, 2006: A fuzzy logic technique for identifying nonprecipitating echoes in radar scans. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 1157-1180.
4. Bringi, V., and V. Chandrasekar, 2001: Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar: Principles and Applications. Cambridge University Press, 636 pp.
5. Cho, Y.H., G. Lee, K.E. Kim, and I. Zawadzki, 2006: Identification and removal of ground echoes and anomalous propagation using the characteristics of radar echoes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 1206-1222.
6. Cornelius, R., and R. Gagnon, 1993: Artificial neural networks for radar data feature recognition. Preprints, 26th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Norman, OK, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 340-342.
7. Cornman, L., R. Goodrich, C. Morse, and W.L. Ecklund, 1998: A fuzzy logic method for improved moment estimation from Doppler spectra. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 1287-1305.
8. Dixon, M., J.C. Hubbert, S. Ellis, C. Kessinger, and G. Meymaris, 2007: Intelligent mitigation of normal propagation and anomalous propagation clutter. Preprints, 33rd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Cairns, Australia, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 8B.7.
9. Federal Handbook, 2005: FederalMeteorological Handbook No. 11, Doppler Radar Meteorological Observations, Part B, 219 pp. [Available online at http://www.ofcm.gov/fmh11/fmh11B.htm.].
10. Geotis, S., and W. Silver, 1976: An evaluation of techniques for automatic ground echo rejection. Preprints, 17th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 448-452.
11. Giuli, D., M. Gherardelli, A. Freni, T. Seliga, and K. Aydin, 1991: Rainfall and clutter discrimination by means of dual-linear polarization radar measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 8, 777-789.
12. Gossard, E., 1977: Refractive index variance and its height distribution in different air masses. Radio Sci., 12, 89-105.
13. Gourley, J., P. Tabary, and J. P. du Chatelet, 2007: A fuzzy logic algorithm for the separation of precipitating from nonprecipitating echoes using polarimetric radar observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 1439-1451.
14. Grecu, M., and W.F. Krajewski, 2000: An efficient methodology for detection of anomalous propagation echoes in radar reflectivity data using neural networks. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 121-129.
15. Hall, M., J. Goddard, and S. Cherry, 1984: Identification of hydrometeors and other targets by dual-polarization radar. Radio Sci., 19, 132-140.
16. Heiss, W., D. McGrew, and D. Sirmans, 1990: NEXRAD: Next generation weather radar (WSR-88D).Microwave J., 33, 79-98.
17. Hubbert, J., V. Chandrasekar, V.N. Bringi, and P. Meischner, 1993: Processing and interpretation of coherent dual polarized radar measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 155-164.
18. -, M. Dixon, and C. Kessinger, 2007: Real time clutter identification and mitigation for NEXRAD. Proc. 22nd Int. Conf. on Interactive Information Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (IIPS), San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5B.6.
19. -,-, S. Ellis, and G. Meymaris, 2009: Weather radar ground clutter. Part I: Identification, modeling, and simulation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 1165-1180.
20. Johnson, G.N., P.L. Smith Jr., F.E. Nathanson, and L.W. Brooks, 1975: An analysis of techniques for dealing with anomalous propagation. Preprints, 16th AMS Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Houston, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 374-377.
21. Joss, J., and H. Wessels, 1990: Ground clutter suppression for weather radar data. Tech. Rep., COST Tech. Rep. 73/WD/130, Note 1297, 6 pp.
22. -, and R. Lee, 1993: Scan strategy, clutter suppression, calibration and vertical profile corrections. Preprints, 26th Int. Conf. on RadarMeteorology, Norman, OK, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 390-392.
23. Kessinger, C., S. Ellis, and J.V. Andel, 2003: The radar echo classifier: A fuzzy logic algorithm for the WSR-88D. Proc. Third Conf. on Artificial Intelligence Applications to the Environmental Science, Long Beach, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P1.6.
24. Kosko, B., 1992: Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems: A Dynamical Systems Approach to Machine Intelligence. Prentice Hall, 449 pp.
25. Lakshmanan, V., A. Fritz, T. Smith, K. Hondl, and G. Stumpf, 2007: An automated technique to quality control radar reflectivity data. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 288-305.
26. Lee, R., G. Bruna, and J. Joss, 1995: Intensity of ground clutter and of echoes of anomalous propagation and its elimination. Preprints, 27th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 651-652.
27. Mann, D., J.E. Evans, and M.W. Merritt, 1986: Clutter suppression for low altitude wind shear detection by Doppler weather radars. Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Snowmass, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., R9-R13.
28. Michelson, D.B., and T. Andersson, 1995: Identification and suppression of anomalous propagation echoes in twodimensional radar images. Preprints, 27th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 665-658.
29. Morse, C., R. Goodrich, and L. Cornman, 2002: The NIMA method for improved moment estimation from Doppler spectra. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 274-295.
30. Moszkowicz, S., G. Ciach, and W. Krajewski, 1994: Statistical detection of anomalous propagation in radar reflectivity patterns. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 1026-1034.
31. Nguyen, C., D. Moisseev, and V. Chandrasekar, 2008: A parametric time domain method for spectral moment estimation and clutter mitigation for weather radars. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 83-92.
32. Pamment, J.A., and B.J. Conway, 1998: Objective identification of echoes due to anomalous propagation in weather radar data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 98-113.
33. Passarelli, R.E., Jr., 1981: Autocorrelation techniques for ground clutter rejection. Proc. 20th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Boston, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 308-313.
34. -, P. Romanik, S. Geotis, and A. Siggia, 1981: Ground clutter rejection in the frequency domain. Proc. 20th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Boston, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 295-300.
35. Pratte, F., R. Keeler, R. Gagnon, and D. Sirmans, 1995: Clutter processing during anomalous propagation conditions. Preprints, 27th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 139-141.
36. -, D. Ecoff, and J.V. Andel, 1996: AP ground clutter in WSR-88D base data and recommendations for automatic AP clutter mitigation. NCAR FY96 Rep. to NWS/OSF Engineering Branch, 55 pp. [Available online at www.roc.noaa.gov/eng/AP_Final_Report/finalrep.html.].
37. -, -, -, and R. Keeler, 1997: AP clutter mitigation in the WSR-88D. Preprints, 28th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Austin, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 504-505.
38. Pratte, J., R. Gagnon, and R. Cornelius, 1993: Ground clutter characteristics and residue mapping. Preprints, 26th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Norman, OK, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 50-52.
39. Roberts, R.D., and Coauthors, 2008: REFRACTT 2006: Realtime retrieval of high-resolution, low-level moisture fields from operational NEXRAD and research radars. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89, 1535-1548.
40. Ryzhkov, A., and D. Zrnic, 1998: Polarimetric rainfall estimation in the presence of anomalous propagation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 1320-1330.
41. Schaffner, M., 1972: On the data processing for weather radar. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Champaign-Urbana, IL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 368-373.
42. -, 1975: Comments on applications of radar to meteorological operations and research. Proc. IEEE, 63, 731-733.
43. Schmid, W., D. Högl, and J. Joss, 1991: Test of clutter suppression techniques in the Swiss Alps. Preprints, 25th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Paris, France, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 875-878.
44. Sekhon, R., and D. Atlas, 1972: Doppler radar structure of the melting zone and ground clutter effects. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Champaign-Urbana, IL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 222-227.
45. Siggia, A., and J.R. Passarelli, 2004: Gaussian model adaptive processing (GMAP) for improved ground clutter cancellation and moment calculation. Proc. Third European Conf. on Radar inMeteorology andHydrology, Visby, Gotland, Sweden, ERAD, 67-73.
46. Sirmans, D., and J. Dooley, 1980: Ground clutter statistics of a 10 cm ground based radar. Preprints, 19th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Miami Beach, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 184-191.
47. Skolnik, M., 2001: Introduction to Radar Systems. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, 772 pp.
48. Smith, P., 1972: Siting considerations for weather radars. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Champaign-Urbana, IL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99-100.
49. Steiner, M., and J. Smith, 2002: Use of three-dimensional reflectivity structure for automated detection and removal of nonprecipitating echoes in radar data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 673-686.
50. Straka, J., D. Zrnic, A. Ryzhkov, and D. Zrnic, 2000: Bulk hydrometeor classification and quantification using polarimetric radar data: Synthesis of relations. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1341-1372.
51. Tatehira, R., and T. Shimizu, 1980: Improvements in performance of ground clutter rejection. Proc. 19th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Miami Beach, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 176-179.
52. Torres, S., and D. Zrnic, 1999: Ground clutter canceling with a regression filter. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 1364-1372.
53. Zrnić, D., and V. Melnikov, 2007: Ground clutter recognition using polarimetric spectral parameters. Preprints, 33rd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Cairns, Australia, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P11B.13.
54. Zrnić, D., M. Melnikov, and A. Ryzhkov, 2006: Correlation coefficients between horizontally and vertically polarized returns from ground clutter. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 381-394.