메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 227-235

Implications of floral orientation for flight kinematics and metabolic expenditure of hover-feeding hummingbirds

Author keywords

Body angle; Calypte anna; Head flexion; Mass specific metabolic rate; Pendent flowers; Respirometry; Wingbeat kinematics

Indexed keywords

BIRD; BODY SHAPE; FEEDING; FLIGHT; FLORAL TRAIT; KINEMATICS; METABOLISM; NATURAL SELECTION; NECTAR; ORNITHOPHILY;

EID: 84873090471     PISSN: 02698463     EISSN: 13652435     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12024     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (11)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0344287106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-facing flowers, hummingbirds and rain
    • Aizen, M.A. (2003) Down-facing flowers, hummingbirds and rain. Taxon, 52, 675-680.
    • (2003) Taxon , vol.52 , pp. 675-680
    • Aizen, M.A.1
  • 2
    • 0022745921 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption during hover-feeding in free-ranging Anna hummingbirds
    • Bartholomew, G.A. & Lighton, J.R.B. (1986) Oxygen consumption during hover-feeding in free-ranging Anna hummingbirds. Journal of Experimental Biology, 123, 191-199.
    • (1986) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.123 , pp. 191-199
    • Bartholomew, G.A.1    Lighton, J.R.B.2
  • 3
    • 0025527670 scopus 로고
    • Plant-pollinator interactions in tropical forests
    • Bawa, K.S. (1990) Plant-pollinator interactions in tropical forests. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 21, 399-422.
    • (1990) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.21 , pp. 399-422
    • Bawa, K.S.1
  • 4
    • 0003839423 scopus 로고
    • The role of learning in the feeding behavior of black-chinned hummingbirds
    • Bené, F. (1945) The role of learning in the feeding behavior of black-chinned hummingbirds. Condor, 47, 3-22.
    • (1945) Condor , vol.47 , pp. 3-22
    • Bené, F.1
  • 5
    • 0003841624 scopus 로고
    • Sauerstoffverbrauch von Kolibris (Colibri coruscans und C. thalassinus) beim Horizontalflug
    • (W. Nachtigall) G. Fischer, Stuttgart.
    • Berger, M. (1985) Sauerstoffverbrauch von Kolibris (Colibri coruscans und C. thalassinus) beim Horizontalflug. Biona-Report 3, Bird Flight (ed. W. Nachtigall), pp. 307-314. G. Fischer, Stuttgart.
    • (1985) Biona-Report 3, Bird Flight , pp. 307-314
    • Berger, M.1
  • 6
    • 0000550891 scopus 로고
    • Respiration in hummingbird Amazilia fimbriata during hovering at different ambient temperatures
    • Berger, M. & Hart, J.S. (1972) Respiration in hummingbird Amazilia fimbriata during hovering at different ambient temperatures. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 81, 363-380.
    • (1972) Journal of Comparative Physiology , vol.81 , pp. 363-380
    • Berger, M.1    Hart, J.S.2
  • 7
    • 0000948509 scopus 로고
    • Floral biology, hummingbird pollination and fruit production of trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans, Bignoniaceae)
    • Bertin, R.I. (1982) Floral biology, hummingbird pollination and fruit production of trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans, Bignoniaceae). American Journal of Botany, 69, 122-134.
    • (1982) American Journal of Botany , vol.69 , pp. 122-134
    • Bertin, R.I.1
  • 8
    • 77957193069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollination of the red-hot poker Kniphofia laxiflora (Asphodelaceae) by sunbirds
    • Brown, M., Downs, C.T. & Johnson, S.D. (2010) Pollination of the red-hot poker Kniphofia laxiflora (Asphodelaceae) by sunbirds. South African Journal of Botany, 76, 460-464.
    • (2010) South African Journal of Botany , vol.76 , pp. 460-464
    • Brown, M.1    Downs, C.T.2    Johnson, S.D.3
  • 9
    • 0025675205 scopus 로고
    • Paternity analysis in a natural population of Asclepias exaltata: multiple paternity, functional gender, and the 'pollen donation hypothesis'
    • Broyles, S. & Wyatt, R. (1990) Paternity analysis in a natural population of Asclepias exaltata: multiple paternity, functional gender, and the 'pollen donation hypothesis'. Evolution, 44, 1454-1468.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 1454-1468
    • Broyles, S.1    Wyatt, R.2
  • 10
    • 0011066998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floral movements in response to thunderstorms improve reproductive effort in the alpine species Gentiana algida (Gentianaceae)
    • Bynum, M.R. & Smith, W.K. (2001) Floral movements in response to thunderstorms improve reproductive effort in the alpine species Gentiana algida (Gentianaceae). American Journal of Botany, 88, 1088-1095.
    • (2001) American Journal of Botany , vol.88 , pp. 1088-1095
    • Bynum, M.R.1    Smith, W.K.2
  • 11
    • 0024932653 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of selection in a hermaphroditic plant: variation in male and female reproductive success
    • Campbell, D.R. (1989) Measurement of selection in a hermaphroditic plant: variation in male and female reproductive success. Evolution, 43, 318-334.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 318-334
    • Campbell, D.R.1
  • 12
    • 0030618131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing pollinator-mediated selection in a plant hybrid zone: hummingbird visitation patterns on three spatial scales
    • Campbell, D.R., Waser, N.M. & Melendez-Ackerman, E.J. (1997) Analyzing pollinator-mediated selection in a plant hybrid zone: hummingbird visitation patterns on three spatial scales. American Naturalist, 149, 295-315.
    • (1997) American Naturalist , vol.149 , pp. 295-315
    • Campbell, D.R.1    Waser, N.M.2    Melendez-Ackerman, E.J.3
  • 13
    • 0028858476 scopus 로고
    • Limits to vertebrate locomotor energetics suggested by hummingbirds hovering in heliox
    • Chai, P. & Dudley, R. (1995) Limits to vertebrate locomotor energetics suggested by hummingbirds hovering in heliox. Nature, 377, 722-725.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 722-725
    • Chai, P.1    Dudley, R.2
  • 14
    • 0032897699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum flight performance of hummingbirds: capacities, constraints, and trade-offs
    • Chai, P. & Dudley, R. (1999) Maximum flight performance of hummingbirds: capacities, constraints, and trade-offs. American Naturalist, 153, 398-411.
    • (1999) American Naturalist , vol.153 , pp. 398-411
    • Chai, P.1    Dudley, R.2
  • 15
    • 77955696303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hovering and forward flight energetics in Anna's and Allen's hummingbirds
    • Clark, C.J. & Dudley, R. (2010) Hovering and forward flight energetics in Anna's and Allen's hummingbirds. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 83, 654-662.
    • (2010) Physiological and Biochemical Zoology , vol.83 , pp. 654-662
    • Clark, C.J.1    Dudley, R.2
  • 16
    • 0025673124 scopus 로고
    • Pollination and the weather
    • Corbet, S.A. (1990) Pollination and the weather. Israel Journal of Botany, 39, 13-30.
    • (1990) Israel Journal of Botany , vol.39 , pp. 13-30
    • Corbet, S.A.1
  • 17
    • 0030834519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flower size and shape: implications in pollination
    • Dafni, A. & Kevan, P.G. (1997) Flower size and shape: implications in pollination. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 45, 201-211.
    • (1997) Israel Journal of Plant Sciences , vol.45 , pp. 201-211
    • Dafni, A.1    Kevan, P.G.2
  • 18
    • 0027069863 scopus 로고
    • The effect of flower production on male reproductive success in wild radish populations
    • Devlin, B., Clegg, J. & Ellstrand, N.C. (1992) The effect of flower production on male reproductive success in wild radish populations. Evolution, 46, 1030-1042.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1030-1042
    • Devlin, B.1    Clegg, J.2    Ellstrand, N.C.3
  • 19
    • 0026000058 scopus 로고
    • Plant size effects on female and male function in hermaphroditic Sabatia angularis (Gentianaceae)
    • Dudash, M.R. (1991) Plant size effects on female and male function in hermaphroditic Sabatia angularis (Gentianaceae). Ecology, 72, 1004-1012.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 1004-1012
    • Dudash, M.R.1
  • 20
    • 0013090774 scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamics of flight
    • (A.A. Biewener) Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Dudley, R. (1992) Aerodynamics of flight. Biomechanics: A Practical Approach (ed. A.A. Biewener), pp. 97-121. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • (1992) Biomechanics: A Practical Approach , pp. 97-121
    • Dudley, R.1
  • 23
    • 0023510727 scopus 로고
    • Pollen carryover: experimental comparisons between morphs of Palicourea lasiorrachis (Rubiaceae), a distylous, bird-pollinated, tropical treelet
    • Feinsinger, P. & Busby, W. (1987) Pollen carryover: experimental comparisons between morphs of Palicourea lasiorrachis (Rubiaceae), a distylous, bird-pollinated, tropical treelet. Oecologia, 73, 231-235.
    • (1987) Oecologia , vol.73 , pp. 231-235
    • Feinsinger, P.1    Busby, W.2
  • 24
    • 0003013564 scopus 로고
    • Selection on floral morphology by hummingbirds
    • Fenster, C.B. (1991) Selection on floral morphology by hummingbirds. Biotropica, 23, 98-101.
    • (1991) Biotropica , vol.23 , pp. 98-101
    • Fenster, C.B.1
  • 25
    • 67650938524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specialization of flowers: is floral orientation an overlooked first step?
    • Fenster, C.B., Armbruster, W.S. & Dudash, M.R. (2009) Specialization of flowers: is floral orientation an overlooked first step? New Phytologist, 183, 502-506.
    • (2009) New Phytologist , vol.183 , pp. 502-506
    • Fenster, C.B.1    Armbruster, W.S.2    Dudash, M.R.3
  • 26
    • 0027089076 scopus 로고
    • Pollen dispersal dynamics in an alpine wild flower, Polemonium viscosum
    • Galen, C. (1992) Pollen dispersal dynamics in an alpine wild flower, Polemonium viscosum. Evolution, 46, 1043-1051.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1043-1051
    • Galen, C.1
  • 27
    • 0035543313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down the tube: Pollinators, predators, and the evolution of flower shape in the alpine skypilot, Polemonium viscosum
    • Galen, C. & Cuba, J. (2001) Down the tube: Pollinators, predators, and the evolution of flower shape in the alpine skypilot, Polemonium viscosum. Evolution, 55, 1963-1971.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 1963-1971
    • Galen, C.1    Cuba, J.2
  • 28
    • 0020234522 scopus 로고
    • Neotropical floristic diversity: phytogeographical connections between Central and South America, Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, or an accident of Andean orogeny?
    • Gentry, A.H. (1982) Neotropical floristic diversity: phytogeographical connections between Central and South America, Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, or an accident of Andean orogeny? Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 69, 557-593.
    • (1982) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.69 , pp. 557-593
    • Gentry, A.H.1
  • 29
    • 0009774028 scopus 로고
    • Foraging strategies and energetics of East-African sunbirds at mistletoe flowers
    • Gill, F.B. & Wolf, L.L. (1975) Foraging strategies and energetics of East-African sunbirds at mistletoe flowers. American Naturalist, 109, 491-510.
    • (1975) American Naturalist , vol.109 , pp. 491-510
    • Gill, F.B.1    Wolf, L.L.2
  • 30
    • 33750065413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on Erysimum mediohispanicum flower shape: Insights into the evolution of zygomorphy
    • Gómez, J.M., Perfectti, F. & Camacho, J.P.M. (2006) Natural selection on Erysimum mediohispanicum flower shape: Insights into the evolution of zygomorphy. American Naturalist, 168, 531-545.
    • (2006) American Naturalist , vol.168 , pp. 531-545
    • Gómez, J.M.1    Perfectti, F.2    Camacho, J.P.M.3
  • 31
    • 49749148454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variation in selection on corolla shape in a generalist plant is promoted by the preference patterns of its local pollinators
    • Gómez, J.M., Bosch, J., Perfectti, F., Fernandez, J.D., Abdelaziz, M. & Camacho, J.P.M. (2008) Spatial variation in selection on corolla shape in a generalist plant is promoted by the preference patterns of its local pollinators. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 275, 2241-2249.
    • (2008) Proceedings of the Royal Society B , vol.275 , pp. 2241-2249
    • Gómez, J.M.1    Bosch, J.2    Perfectti, F.3    Fernandez, J.D.4    Abdelaziz, M.5    Camacho, J.P.M.6
  • 32
    • 79957695397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elements of episodic-like memory in free-living hummingbirds, energetic consequences
    • Gonzalez-Gomez, P.L., Bozinovic, F. & Vasquez, R.A. (2011) Elements of episodic-like memory in free-living hummingbirds, energetic consequences. Animal Behaviour, 81, 1257-1262.
    • (2011) Animal Behaviour , vol.81 , pp. 1257-1262
    • Gonzalez-Gomez, P.L.1    Bozinovic, F.2    Vasquez, R.A.3
  • 34
    • 84977322346 scopus 로고
    • Nectar sugar concentrations and flower visitors in the western great basin
    • Gut, L.J., Schlising, R.A. & Stopher, C.E. (1978) Nectar sugar concentrations and flower visitors in the western great basin. Great Basin Naturalist, 37, 523-529.
    • (1978) Great Basin Naturalist , vol.37 , pp. 523-529
    • Gut, L.J.1    Schlising, R.A.2    Stopher, C.E.3
  • 35
    • 0001929795 scopus 로고
    • Nectar characteristics and food selection by hummingbirds
    • Hainsworth, F.R. & Wolf, L.L. (1976) Nectar characteristics and food selection by hummingbirds. Oecologia, 25, 101-113.
    • (1976) Oecologia , vol.25 , pp. 101-113
    • Hainsworth, F.R.1    Wolf, L.L.2
  • 36
    • 0037353289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echoes of bat-pollinated bell-shaped flowers: conspicuous for nectar-feeding bats?
    • von Helversen, D., Holderied, M.W. & von Helversen, O. (2003) Echoes of bat-pollinated bell-shaped flowers: conspicuous for nectar-feeding bats? Journal of Experimental Biology, 206, 1025-1034.
    • (2003) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.206 , pp. 1025-1034
    • von Helversen, D.1    Holderied, M.W.2    von Helversen, O.3
  • 39
    • 0029750764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobility of Impatiens capensis flowers: effect on pollen deposition and hummingbird foraging
    • Hurlbert, A.H., Hosoi, S.A., Temeles, E.J. & Ewald, P.W. (1996) Mobility of Impatiens capensis flowers: effect on pollen deposition and hummingbird foraging. Oecologia, 105, 243-246.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.105 , pp. 243-246
    • Hurlbert, A.H.1    Hosoi, S.A.2    Temeles, E.J.3    Ewald, P.W.4
  • 40
    • 2142667557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollination and fruit-set of Grevillea robusta in western Kenya
    • Kalinganire, A., Harwood, C.E., Slee, M.U. & Simons, A.J. (2001) Pollination and fruit-set of Grevillea robusta in western Kenya. Austral Ecology, 26, 637-648.
    • (2001) Austral Ecology , vol.26 , pp. 637-648
    • Kalinganire, A.1    Harwood, C.E.2    Slee, M.U.3    Simons, A.J.4
  • 43
    • 0002642013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of color and nectar variation across an Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) hybrid zone
    • Melendez-Ackerman, E.J. (1997) Patterns of color and nectar variation across an Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) hybrid zone. American Journal of Botany, 84, 41-47.
    • (1997) American Journal of Botany , vol.84 , pp. 41-47
    • Melendez-Ackerman, E.J.1
  • 44
    • 0031404179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hummingbird behavior and mechanisms of selection on flower color in Ipomopsis
    • Melendez-Ackerman, E.J., Campbell, D.R. & Waser, N.M. (1997) Hummingbird behavior and mechanisms of selection on flower color in Ipomopsis. Ecology, 78, 2532-2541.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 2532-2541
    • Melendez-Ackerman, E.J.1    Campbell, D.R.2    Waser, N.M.3
  • 45
    • 0025204977 scopus 로고
    • Effect of floral morphology and temperature on pollen receipt and removal in Ipomoea trichocarpa
    • Murcia, C. (1990) Effect of floral morphology and temperature on pollen receipt and removal in Ipomoea trichocarpa. Ecology, 71, 1098-1109.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1098-1109
    • Murcia, C.1
  • 46
    • 0030404521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific pollen loss by hummingbirds visiting flower mixtures: effects of floral architecture
    • Murcia, C. & Feinsinger, P. (1996) Interspecific pollen loss by hummingbirds visiting flower mixtures: effects of floral architecture. Ecology, 77, 550-560.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 550-560
    • Murcia, C.1    Feinsinger, P.2
  • 47
    • 1542542603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging rates of Leptonycteris curasoae vary with characteristics of Agave palmeri
    • Ober, H.K. & Steidl, R.J. (2004) Foraging rates of Leptonycteris curasoae vary with characteristics of Agave palmeri. Southwestern Naturalist, 49, 68-74.
    • (2004) Southwestern Naturalist , vol.49 , pp. 68-74
    • Ober, H.K.1    Steidl, R.J.2
  • 48
    • 0000226979 scopus 로고
    • Power requirements for horizontal flight in pigeon columba livia
    • Pennycuick, C.J. (1968) Power requirements for horizontal flight in pigeon columba livia. Journal of Experimental Biology, 49, 527-555.
    • (1968) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.49 , pp. 527-555
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1
  • 49
    • 84989994426 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of bird migration
    • Pennycuick, C.J. (1969) The mechanics of bird migration. Ibis, 111, 525-556.
    • (1969) Ibis , vol.111 , pp. 525-556
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1
  • 50
    • 0003161421 scopus 로고
    • Ecological aspects of flower evolution. II. Zoophilous flower classes
    • van der Pijl, L. (1961) Ecological aspects of flower evolution. II. Zoophilous flower classes. Evolution, 15, 403-416.
    • (1961) Evolution , vol.15 , pp. 403-416
    • van der Pijl, L.1
  • 51
    • 0027038655 scopus 로고
    • Strange floral attractors: pollinator attraction and the evolution of plant sexual systems
    • Podolsky, R.D. (1992) Strange floral attractors: pollinator attraction and the evolution of plant sexual systems. Science, 258, 791-793.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 791-793
    • Podolsky, R.D.1
  • 52
    • 0027332776 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of flower dimorphism: how effective is pollen dispersal by 'male' flowers?
    • Podolsky, R.D. (1993) Evolution of flower dimorphism: how effective is pollen dispersal by 'male' flowers? Ecology, 74, 2255-2260.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 2255-2260
    • Podolsky, R.D.1
  • 54
    • 81455158993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floral epidermal structure and flower orientation: getting to grips with awkward flowers
    • Rands, S.A., Glover, B.J. & Whitney, H.M. (2011) Floral epidermal structure and flower orientation: getting to grips with awkward flowers. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 5, 279-285.
    • (2011) Arthropod-Plant Interactions , vol.5 , pp. 279-285
    • Rands, S.A.1    Glover, B.J.2    Whitney, H.M.3
  • 56
    • 84866869183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Backward flight in hummingbirds employs unique kinematic adjustments and entails low metabolic cost
    • Sapir, N. & Dudley, R. (2012) Backward flight in hummingbirds employs unique kinematic adjustments and entails low metabolic cost. Journal of Experimental Biology, 215, 3603-3611.
    • (2012) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.215 , pp. 3603-3611
    • Sapir, N.1    Dudley, R.2
  • 57
    • 0030500436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assemblage of hummingbird-pollinated flowers in a montane forest in southeastern Brazil
    • Sazima, I., Buzato, S. & Sazima, M. (1996) An assemblage of hummingbird-pollinated flowers in a montane forest in southeastern Brazil. Botanica Acta, 109, 149-160.
    • (1996) Botanica Acta , vol.109 , pp. 149-160
    • Sazima, I.1    Buzato, S.2    Sazima, M.3
  • 58
    • 0022849457 scopus 로고
    • Variation in male reproductive investment and male reproductive success in white spruce
    • Schoen, D.J. & Stewart, S.C. (1986) Variation in male reproductive investment and male reproductive success in white spruce. Evolution, 40, 1109-1120.
    • (1986) Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 1109-1120
    • Schoen, D.J.1    Stewart, S.C.2
  • 59
    • 0002421570 scopus 로고
    • Los picaflores y su recurso floral en el bosque templado de la isla de Chiloé, Chile
    • Smith-Ramirez, C. (1993) Los picaflores y su recurso floral en el bosque templado de la isla de Chiloé, Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 66, 65-73.
    • (1993) Revista Chilena de Historia Natural , vol.66 , pp. 65-73
    • Smith-Ramirez, C.1
  • 61
    • 0022854241 scopus 로고
    • Floral evolution: attractiveness to pollinators increases male fitness
    • Stanton, M.L., Snow, A.A. & Handel, S.N. (1986) Floral evolution: attractiveness to pollinators increases male fitness. Science, 232, 1625-1627.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 1625-1627
    • Stanton, M.L.1    Snow, A.A.2    Handel, S.N.3
  • 62
    • 0019753109 scopus 로고
    • Geographical aspects of bird-flower co-evolution, with a particular reference to Central America
    • Stiles, F.G. (1981) Geographical aspects of bird-flower co-evolution, with a particular reference to Central America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 68, 323-351.
    • (1981) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.68 , pp. 323-351
    • Stiles, F.G.1
  • 63
    • 0000894690 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive morphology of the Penstemon flower
    • Straw, R.M. (1956) Adaptive morphology of the Penstemon flower. Phytomorphology, 6, 112-119.
    • (1956) Phytomorphology , vol.6 , pp. 112-119
    • Straw, R.M.1
  • 64
    • 0026766737 scopus 로고
    • Hummingbird flight - sustaining the highest mass-specific metabolic rates among vertebrates
    • Suarez, R.K. (1992) Hummingbird flight - sustaining the highest mass-specific metabolic rates among vertebrates. Experientia, 48, 565-570.
    • (1992) Experientia , vol.48 , pp. 565-570
    • Suarez, R.K.1
  • 66
    • 0028983285 scopus 로고
    • Learning and remembering of spatial patterns by hummingbirds
    • Sutherland, G.D. & Gass, C.L. (1995) Learning and remembering of spatial patterns by hummingbirds. Animal Behaviour, 50, 1273-1286.
    • (1995) Animal Behaviour , vol.50 , pp. 1273-1286
    • Sutherland, G.D.1    Gass, C.L.2
  • 67
    • 0035662552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do flowers of a hummingbird-pollinated mistletoe face down?
    • Tadey, M. & Aizen, M.A. (2001) Why do flowers of a hummingbird-pollinated mistletoe face down? Functional Ecology, 15, 782-790.
    • (2001) Functional Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 782-790
    • Tadey, M.1    Aizen, M.A.2
  • 68
    • 11244307994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive biology of Butea monosperma (Fabaceae)
    • Tandon, R., Shivanna, K.R. & Ram, H.Y.M. (2003) Reproductive biology of Butea monosperma (Fabaceae). Annals of Botany, 92, 715-723.
    • (2003) Annals of Botany , vol.92 , pp. 715-723
    • Tandon, R.1    Shivanna, K.R.2    Ram, H.Y.M.3
  • 69
    • 0030063047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new dimension to hummingbird-flower relationships
    • Temeles, E.J. (1996) A new dimension to hummingbird-flower relationships. Oecologia, 105, 517-523.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.105 , pp. 517-523
    • Temeles, E.J.1
  • 71
    • 14844348042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do bilaterally symmetrical flowers orient vertically? Flower orientation influences pollinator landing behaviour
    • Ushimaru, A. & Hyodo, F. (2005) Why do bilaterally symmetrical flowers orient vertically? Flower orientation influences pollinator landing behaviour. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 7, 151-160.
    • (2005) Evolutionary Ecology Research , vol.7 , pp. 151-160
    • Ushimaru, A.1    Hyodo, F.2
  • 72
    • 33745849178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flowers adaptively face down-slope in 10 forest-floor herbs
    • Ushimaru, A., Kawase, D. & Imamura, A. (2006) Flowers adaptively face down-slope in 10 forest-floor herbs. Functional Ecology, 20, 585-591.
    • (2006) Functional Ecology , vol.20 , pp. 585-591
    • Ushimaru, A.1    Kawase, D.2    Imamura, A.3
  • 73
    • 67649159249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flower orientation enhances pollen transfer in bilaterally symmetrical flowers
    • Ushimaru, A., Dohzono, I., Takami, Y. & Hyodo, F. (2009) Flower orientation enhances pollen transfer in bilaterally symmetrical flowers. Oecologia, 160, 667-674.
    • (2009) Oecologia , vol.160 , pp. 667-674
    • Ushimaru, A.1    Dohzono, I.2    Takami, Y.3    Hyodo, F.4
  • 74
    • 10544243788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flowering seasonality and flower characteristics of Loranthus acaciae Zucc. (Loranthaceae): implications for advertisement and bird-pollination
    • Vaknin, Y., Yom-Tov, Y. & Eisikowitch, D. (1996) Flowering seasonality and flower characteristics of Loranthus acaciae Zucc. (Loranthaceae): implications for advertisement and bird-pollination. Plant Sexual Reproduction, 9, 279-285.
    • (1996) Plant Sexual Reproduction , vol.9 , pp. 279-285
    • Vaknin, Y.1    Yom-Tov, Y.2    Eisikowitch, D.3
  • 75
    • 0029139083 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the respiratory quotient of birds and implications for indirect calorimetry using measurements of carbon dioxide production
    • Walsberg, G.E. & Wolf, B.O. (1995) Variation in the respiratory quotient of birds and implications for indirect calorimetry using measurements of carbon dioxide production. Journal of Experimental Biology, 198, 213-219.
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.198 , pp. 213-219
    • Walsberg, G.E.1    Wolf, B.O.2
  • 76
    • 78049269540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in floral orientation in Anisodus luridus (Solanaceae) protects pollen grains and facilitates development of fertilized ovules
    • Wang, Y., Meng, L.L., Yang, Y.P. & Duan, Y.W. (2010) Change in floral orientation in Anisodus luridus (Solanaceae) protects pollen grains and facilitates development of fertilized ovules. American Journal of Botany, 97, 1618-1624.
    • (2010) American Journal of Botany , vol.97 , pp. 1618-1624
    • Wang, Y.1    Meng, L.L.2    Yang, Y.P.3    Duan, Y.W.4
  • 77
    • 21344470451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamics of the hovering hummingbird
    • Warrick, D.R., Tobalske, B.W. & Powers, D.R. (2005) Aerodynamics of the hovering hummingbird. Nature, 435, 1094-1097.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.435 , pp. 1094-1097
    • Warrick, D.R.1    Tobalske, B.W.2    Powers, D.R.3
  • 79
    • 0002886631 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive nature of floral traits: ideas and evidence
    • (L.A. Real) Academic Press, New York.
    • Waser, N.M. (1983) The adaptive nature of floral traits: ideas and evidence. Pollination Biology (ed. L.A. Real), pp. 241-285. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1983) Pollination Biology , pp. 241-285
    • Waser, N.M.1
  • 80
    • 79251597302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The power of feeder-mask respirometry as a method for examining hummingbird energetics
    • Welch, K.C. Jr. (2011) The power of feeder-mask respirometry as a method for examining hummingbird energetics. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 158, 276-286.
    • (2011) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , vol.158 , pp. 276-286
    • Welch Jr., K.C.1
  • 81
    • 34347370902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption rates in hovering hummingbirds reflect substrate-dependent differences in P/O ratios: carbohydrate as a 'premium fuel'
    • Welch, K.C. Jr, Altshuler, D.L. & Suarez, R.K. (2007) Oxygen consumption rates in hovering hummingbirds reflect substrate-dependent differences in P/O ratios: carbohydrate as a 'premium fuel'. Journal of Experimental Biology, 210, 2146-2153.
    • (2007) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.210 , pp. 2146-2153
    • Welch Jr., K.C.1    Altshuler, D.L.2    Suarez, R.K.3
  • 82
    • 0002144805 scopus 로고
    • Ecological correlates of hovering flight of hummingbirds
    • Wells, D.J. (1993a) Ecological correlates of hovering flight of hummingbirds. Journal of Experimental Biology, 178, 59-70.
    • (1993) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.178 , pp. 59-70
    • Wells, D.J.1
  • 83
    • 0003036208 scopus 로고
    • Muscle performance in hovering hummingbirds
    • Wells, D.J. (1993b) Muscle performance in hovering hummingbirds. Journal of Experimental Biology, 178, 39-57.
    • (1993) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.178 , pp. 39-57
    • Wells, D.J.1
  • 84
    • 0017351411 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of V·O2 , V·CO2 , and evaporative water loss with a flow-through mask
    • Withers, P.C. (1977) Measurement of V·O2, V·CO2, and evaporative water loss with a flow-through mask. Journal of Applied Physiology, 42, 120-123.
    • (1977) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.42 , pp. 120-123
    • Withers, P.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.