메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 153, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 398-411

Maximum flight performance of hummingbirds: Capacities, constraints, and trade-offs

Author keywords

Flight energetics; Hummingbirds; Morphology; Performance; Trade offs

Indexed keywords


EID: 0032897699     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/303179     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (60)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 77958410921 scopus 로고
    • Morphology, performance and fitness
    • Arnold, S. J. 1983. Morphology, performance and fitness. American Zoologist 23:347-361.
    • (1983) American Zoologist , vol.23 , pp. 347-361
    • Arnold, S.J.1
  • 2
    • 0028815693 scopus 로고
    • Annual molt in ruby-throated and black-chinned hummingbirds
    • Baltosser, W. H. 1995. Annual molt in ruby-throated and black-chinned hummingbirds. Condor 97:484-491.
    • (1995) Condor , vol.97 , pp. 484-491
    • Baltosser, W.H.1
  • 6
    • 0025135255 scopus 로고
    • The hummingbird's restraint: A natural model for weight control
    • Calder, W. A., L. L. Calder, and T. D. Frazier. 1990. The hummingbird's restraint: a natural model for weight control. Experientia (Basel) 46:999-1002.
    • (1990) Experientia (Basel) , vol.46 , pp. 999-1002
    • Calder, W.A.1    Calder, L.L.2    Frazier, T.D.3
  • 8
    • 0027384078 scopus 로고
    • Biphasic mass gain in migrant hummingbirds: Body composition changes, torpor, and ecological significance
    • Carpenter, F. L., M. A. Hixon, C. A. Beuchat, R. W. Russell, and D. C. Paton. 1993a. Biphasic mass gain in migrant hummingbirds: body composition changes, torpor, and ecological significance. Ecology 74:1173-1182.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Carpenter, F.L.1    Hixon, M.A.2    Beuchat, C.A.3    Russell, R.W.4    Paton, D.C.5
  • 10
    • 0031149382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hummingbird hovering energetics during moult of primary flight feathers
    • Chai, P. 1997. Hummingbird hovering energetics during moult of primary flight feathers, Journal of Experimental Biology 200:1527-1536.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.200 , pp. 1527-1536
    • Chai, P.1
  • 11
    • 0028858476 scopus 로고
    • Limits to vertebrate locomotor energetics suggested by hummingbirds hovering in heliox
    • Chai, P., and R. Dudley. 1995. Limits to vertebrate locomotor energetics suggested by hummingbirds hovering in heliox. Nature (London) 377:722-725.
    • (1995) Nature (London) , vol.377 , pp. 722-725
    • Chai, P.1    Dudley, R.2
  • 12
    • 0030267801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limits to flight energetics of hummingbirds hovering in hypodense and hypoxic gas mixtures
    • -. 1996. Limits to flight energetics of hummingbirds hovering in hypodense and hypoxic gas mixtures. Journal of Experimental Biology 199:2285-2295.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.199 , pp. 2285-2295
  • 13
    • 0031281411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flight and size constraints: Hovering performance of large hummingbirds under maximal loading
    • Chai, P., and D. Millard. 1997. Flight and size constraints: hovering performance of large hummingbirds under maximal loading. Journal of Experimental Biology 200: 2757-2763.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.200 , pp. 2757-2763
    • Chai, P.1    Millard, D.2
  • 14
    • 0031104948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient hovering performance of hummingbirds under conditions of maximal loading
    • Chai, P., J. S. C. Chen, and R. Dudley 1997. Transient hovering performance of hummingbirds under conditions of maximal loading. Journal of Experimental Biology 200:921-929.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.200 , pp. 921-929
    • Chai, P.1    Chen, J.S.C.2    Dudley, R.3
  • 15
    • 0003110729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of biological safety factors: A cost/benefit analysis
    • E. R. Weibel, C. R. Taylor, and L. Bolis, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Diamond, J. M. 1998. Evolution of biological safety factors: a cost/benefit analysis. Pages 21-27 in E. R. Weibel, C. R. Taylor, and L. Bolis, eds. Principles of animal design: the optimization and symmorphosis debate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1998) Principles of Animal Design: The Optimization and Symmorphosis Debate , pp. 21-27
    • Diamond, J.M.1
  • 16
    • 0026632952 scopus 로고
    • The matches, achieved by natural selection, between biological capacities and their natural loads
    • Diamond, J. M., and K. A. Hammond. 1992. The matches, achieved by natural selection, between biological capacities and their natural loads. Experientia (Basel) 48: 551-557.
    • (1992) Experientia (Basel) , vol.48 , pp. 551-557
    • Diamond, J.M.1    Hammond, K.A.2
  • 18
    • 0029805743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal flight mechanics in physically variable gas mixtures
    • Dudley, R., and P. Chai. 1996. Animal flight mechanics in physically variable gas mixtures. Journal of Experimental Biology 199:1881-1885.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.199 , pp. 1881-1885
    • Dudley, R.1    Chai, P.2
  • 21
    • 0002057259 scopus 로고
    • Ecological morphology of locomotor performance in squamate reptiles
    • P. C. Wainwright and S. M. Reilly, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Garland, T., Jr., and J. B. Losos. 1994. Ecological morphology of locomotor performance in squamate reptiles. Pages 240-302 in P. C. Wainwright and S. M. Reilly, eds. Ecological morphology, integrative organismal biology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1994) Ecological Morphology, Integrative Organismal Biology , pp. 240-302
    • Garland T., Jr.1    Losos, J.B.2
  • 22
    • 0002367631 scopus 로고
    • Hummingbird flight speeds
    • Gill, F. B. 1985. Hummingbird flight speeds. Auk 102: 97-101.
    • (1985) Auk , vol.102 , pp. 97-101
    • Gill, F.B.1
  • 25
    • 0002685473 scopus 로고
    • Dimensional relationships for flying animals
    • -. 1962. Dimensional relationships for flying animals. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 144:1-46.
    • (1962) Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections , vol.144 , pp. 1-46
  • 28
    • 0001277587 scopus 로고
    • Flight performance in relation to fuel load in birds
    • Hedenstrom, A. 1992. Flight performance in relation to fuel load in birds. Journal of Theoretical Biology 158: 535-537.
    • (1992) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.158 , pp. 535-537
    • Hedenstrom, A.1
  • 34
    • 0027413778 scopus 로고
    • Contraction dynamics and power output of skeletal muscle
    • Josephson, R. K. 1993. Contraction dynamics and power output of skeletal muscle. Annual Review of Physiology 55:527-546.
    • (1993) Annual Review of Physiology , vol.55 , pp. 527-546
    • Josephson, R.K.1
  • 35
    • 0001256695 scopus 로고
    • Influence of economics, interspecific competition, and sexual dimorphism on territoriality of migrant rufous hummingbird
    • Kodric-Brown, A., and J. H. Brown. 1978. Influence of economics, interspecific competition, and sexual dimorphism on territoriality of migrant rufous hummingbird. Ecology 59:285-296.
    • (1978) Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 285-296
    • Kodric-Brown, A.1    Brown, J.H.2
  • 37
    • 0001589368 scopus 로고
    • The energetics of migrating hummingbirds
    • Lasiewski, R. C. 1962. The energetics of migrating hummingbirds. Condor 64:324.
    • (1962) Condor , vol.64 , pp. 324
    • Lasiewski, R.C.1
  • 38
    • 0030620665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of predator presence on body mass in captive greenfinches
    • Lilliendahl, K. 1997. The effect of predator presence on body mass in captive greenfinches. Animal Behaviour 53:75-81.
    • (1997) Animal Behaviour , vol.53 , pp. 75-81
    • Lilliendahl, K.1
  • 39
    • 0000852235 scopus 로고
    • The energetic cost of feather synthesis is proportional to basal metabolic rate
    • Lindström, Å., G. H. Visser, and S. Daan. 1993. The energetic cost of feather synthesis is proportional to basal metabolic rate. Physiological Zoology 66:490-510.
    • (1993) Physiological Zoology , vol.66 , pp. 490-510
    • Lindström, A.1    Visser, G.H.2    Daan, S.3
  • 42
    • 0001644904 scopus 로고
    • A possible relationship between reversed sexual size dimorphism and reduced male survivorship in the rubythroated hummingbird
    • Mulvihill, R. S., R. C. Leberman, and D. S. Wood. 1992. A possible relationship between reversed sexual size dimorphism and reduced male survivorship in the rubythroated hummingbird. Condor 94:480-489.
    • (1992) Condor , vol.94 , pp. 480-489
    • Mulvihill, R.S.1    Leberman, R.C.2    Wood, D.S.3
  • 43
    • 0000713110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetics and nutrition of molt
    • C. Carey, ed. Plenum Press, New York
    • Murphy, M. F. 1996. Energetics and nutrition of molt. Pages 158-198 in C. Carey, ed. Avian energetics and nutritional ecology. Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1996) Avian Energetics and Nutritional Ecology , pp. 158-198
    • Murphy, M.F.1
  • 45
    • 0028977559 scopus 로고
    • How a long tail and changes in mass and wing shape affect the cost of flight in animals
    • -. 1995. How a long tail and changes in mass and wing shape affect the cost of flight in animals. Functional Ecology 9:48-54.
    • (1995) Functional Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 48-54
  • 46
    • 0013540903 scopus 로고
    • Notes on fall plumages, weights, and fat condition in the ruby-throated hummingbird
    • Norris, R. A., C. E. Connell, and D. W. Johnston. 1957. Notes on fall plumages, weights, and fat condition in the ruby-throated hummingbird. Wilson Bulletin 69: 155-163.
    • (1957) Wilson Bulletin , vol.69 , pp. 155-163
    • Norris, R.A.1    Connell, C.E.2    Johnston, D.W.3
  • 47
    • 0003067437 scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection, lek and arena behavior, and sexual size dimorphism in birds
    • American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
    • Payne, R. B. 1984. Sexual selection, lek and arena behavior, and sexual size dimorphism in birds. Ornithological Monograph no. 33. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
    • (1984) Ornithological Monograph No. 33
    • Payne, R.B.1
  • 48
    • 0000633385 scopus 로고
    • Flight speeds of some small birds
    • Pearson, O. P. 1961. Flight speeds of some small birds. Condor 63:506-507.
    • (1961) Condor , vol.63 , pp. 506-507
    • Pearson, O.P.1
  • 49
    • 0002720164 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of flight
    • D. S. Farner and J. R. King, eds. Academic Press, New York
    • Pennycuick, C. J. 1975. Mechanics of flight. Pages 1-75 in D. S. Farner and J. R. King, eds. Avian biology, vol. 5. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1975) Avian Biology , vol.5 , pp. 1-75
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1
  • 50
    • 0029841105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wingbeat frequency of birds in steady cruising flight: New data and improved predictions
    • -. 1996. Wingbeat frequency of birds in steady cruising flight: new data and improved predictions. Journal of Experimental Biology 199:1613-1618.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.199 , pp. 1613-1618
  • 51
    • 0000835085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wingbeat frequency and the body drag anomaly: Wind tunnel observations on a thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and a teal (Anas crecca)
    • Pennycuick, C. J., M. R. Fuller, J. J. Oar., and S. J. Kirkpatrick, 1996. Wingbeat frequency and the body drag anomaly: wind tunnel observations on a thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and a teal (Anas crecca). Journal of Experimental Biology 199:2757-2765.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.199 , pp. 2757-2765
    • Pennycuick, C.J.1    Fuller, M.R.2    Oar, J.J.3    Kirkpatrick, S.J.4
  • 52
    • 0002027685 scopus 로고
    • Form and function in avian flight
    • R. F. Johnston, ed. Plenum, New York
    • Rayner, J. M. V. 1988. Form and function in avian flight. Pages 1-66 in R. F. Johnston, ed. Current ornithology. Vol. 5. Plenum, New York.
    • (1988) Current Ornithology , vol.5 , pp. 1-66
    • Rayner, J.M.V.1
  • 53
    • 0002112654 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of flight and bird migration performance
    • E. Gwinner, ed. Springer, Berlin
    • -. 1990. The mechanics of flight and bird migration performance. Pages 283-299 in E. Gwinner, ed. Bird migration: physiology and ecophysiology. Springer, Berlin.
    • (1990) Bird Migration: Physiology and Ecophysiology , pp. 283-299
  • 54
    • 0003199253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris)
    • eds. A. Poole and F. Gill. No. 204. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D. C.
    • Robinson, T. R, R. R. Sargent, and M. B. Sargent. 1996. Ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris). The Birds of North America, eds. A. Poole and F. Gill. No. 204. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D. C.
    • (1996) The Birds of North America
    • Robinson, T.R.1    Sargent, R.R.2    Sargent, M.B.3
  • 55
    • 0000178447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing a muscle's design
    • Rome, L. C. 1997. Testing a muscle's design. American Scientist 85:356-363.
    • (1997) American Scientist , vol.85 , pp. 356-363
    • Rome, L.C.1
  • 57
    • 0028976104 scopus 로고
    • A limits-oriented approach to evolutionary ecology
    • Sih, A., and S. K. Gleeson, 1995. A limits-oriented approach to evolutionary ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10:378-382.
    • (1995) Trends in Ecology & Evolution , vol.10 , pp. 378-382
    • Sih, A.1    Gleeson, S.K.2
  • 58
    • 0030417216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disappearance of female pied flycatchers in relation to breeding stage and experimentally induced molt
    • Slagsvold, T., and S. Dale. 1996. Disappearance of female pied flycatchers in relation to breeding stage and experimentally induced molt. Ecology 77:461-471.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 461-471
    • Slagsvold, T.1    Dale, S.2
  • 59
    • 0026766737 scopus 로고
    • Hummingbird flight: Sustaining the highest mass-specific metabolic rates among vertebrates
    • Suarez, R. K. 1992. Hummingbird flight: sustaining the highest mass-specific metabolic rates among vertebrates. Experientia (Basel) 48:565-570.
    • (1992) Experientia (Basel) , vol.48 , pp. 565-570
    • Suarez, R.K.1
  • 60
    • 0029979457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper limits to mass-specific metabolic rates
    • -. 1996. Upper limits to mass-specific metabolic rates. Annual Review of Physiology 58:583-605.
    • (1996) Annual Review of Physiology , vol.58 , pp. 583-605
  • 62
    • 0030618889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The trade-off between molt and parental care: A sexual conflict in the blue tit
    • Svensson, E., and J. Nilsson. 1997. The trade-off between molt and parental care: a sexual conflict in the blue tit. Behavioral Ecology 8:92-98.
    • (1997) Behavioral Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 92-98
    • Svensson, E.1    Nilsson, J.2
  • 63
    • 0030832303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of molt on the flight performance, body mass, and behavior of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): An experimental approach
    • Swaddle, J. P., and M. S. Witter. 1997. The effects of molt on the flight performance, body mass, and behavior of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): an experimental approach. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75:1135-1146.
    • (1997) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.75 , pp. 1135-1146
    • Swaddle, J.P.1    Witter, M.S.2
  • 64
    • 0019460045 scopus 로고
    • Design of the mammalian respiratory system
    • Taylor, C. R., and E. R. Weibel. 1981. Design of the mammalian respiratory system. Respiration Physiology 44: 1-164.
    • (1981) Respiration Physiology , vol.44 , pp. 1-164
    • Taylor, C.R.1    Weibel, E.R.2
  • 65
    • 0000284829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flight kinematics of black-billed magpies and pigeons over a wide range of speeds
    • Tobalske, B. W., and K. P. Dial. 1996. Flight kinematics of black-billed magpies and pigeons over a wide range of speeds. Journal of Experimental Biology 199:263-280.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.199 , pp. 263-280
    • Tobalske, B.W.1    Dial, K.P.2
  • 66
    • 0001099786 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory exchange and evaporative water loss in the flying budgerigar
    • Tucker, V. A. 1968. Respiratory exchange and evaporative water loss in the flying budgerigar. Journal of Experimental Biology 48:67-87.
    • (1968) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.48 , pp. 67-87
    • Tucker, V.A.1
  • 67
    • 0015292213 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism during flight in the laughing gull, Larus atricilla
    • -. 1972. Metabolism during flight in the laughing gull, Larus atricilla. American Journal of Physiology 222: 237-245.
    • (1972) American Journal of Physiology , vol.222 , pp. 237-245
  • 68
    • 0003799829 scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
    • Vogel, S. 1994. Life in moving fluids. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
    • (1994) Life in Moving Fluids
    • Vogel, S.1
  • 69
    • 0001786585 scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology as a tool in ecological research
    • P. C. Wainwright and S. M. Reilly, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Wainwright, P. C. 1994. Functional morphology as a tool in ecological research. Pages 42-59 in P. C. Wainwright and S. M. Reilly, eds. Ecological morphology, integrative organismal biology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1994) Ecological Morphology, Integrative Organismal Biology , pp. 42-59
    • Wainwright, P.C.1
  • 70
    • 0001284972 scopus 로고
    • Avian ecological energetics
    • D. S. Farner, J. R. King and K. C. Parkes, eds. Academic Press, New York
    • Walsberg, G. E. 1983. Avian ecological energetics. Pages 161-220 in D. S. Farner, J. R. King and K. C. Parkes, eds. Avian biology. Vol. 7. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1983) Avian Biology , vol.7 , pp. 161-220
    • Walsberg, G.E.1
  • 71
    • 0003036208 scopus 로고
    • Muscle performance in hovering hummingbirds
    • Wells, D. J. 1993. Muscle performance in hovering hummingbirds. Journal of Experimental Biology 178:39-57.
    • (1993) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.178 , pp. 39-57
    • Wells, D.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.