Analysis of the prevalence and coexistence of synthetic cannabinoids in "herbal high" products in Poland

Forensic Toxicology

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 21-30

  Zuba, Dariusz ^a   Byrska, Bogumiła ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC RESEARCH   (Poland)

Author keywords

Herbal highs; JWH 018; JWH 081; New designer drugs; Prevalence statistics; Synthetic cannabinoids

Indexed keywords

CANNABICYCLOHEXANOL; CANNABINOID DERIVATIVE; HERBAL HIGH; JWH 073; JWH 081; JWH 122; JWH 210; JWH 250; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG IDENTIFICATION; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG MIXTURE; HERB; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; POLAND; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; TREND STUDY;

CANNABIS SATIVA;

EID: 84872675609     PISSN: 18608965     EISSN: 18608973     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11419-012-0159-0     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (25)

1. Synthetic marijuana on the rise: looks like pot, but 'far worse'. http://news.yahoo.com/synthetic-marijuana-rise-looks-pot-far-worse-224953961. html. Accessed Apr 2012
2. Auwärter V, Dresen S, Weinmann W, Müller M, Pütz M, Ferreiros N (2009) 'Spice' and other herbal blends: harmless incense or cannabinoid designer drugs? J Mass Spectrom 44:832-837
3. Johnson LA, Johnson RL, Alfonzo C (2011) Spice: a legal marijuana equivalent. Mil Med 176:718-720
4. Uchiyama N, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Kawahara N, Haishima Y, Goda Y (2009) Identification of a cannabinoid analog as a new type of designer drug in a herbal product. Chem Pharm Bull 57:439-441
5. Lindigkeit R, Boehme A, Eiserloh I, Luebbecke M, Wiggermann M, Ernst L, Beuerle T (2009) Spice: a never ending story? Forensic Sci Int 191:58-63
6. Zuba D, Byrska B, Maciow M (2011) Comparison of "herbal highs" composition. Anal Bioanal Chem 400:119-126
7. ACMD (2009) Consideration of the major cannabinoid agonists. http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/drugs/acmd1/acmdreport-agonists?view= Binary. Accessed May 2012
8. Zuba D, Byrska B, Pytka P, Sekuła K, Stanaszek R (2011) Widma masowe składników aktywnych preparatów typu dopalacze (Mass spectra of active ingredients of 'legal high' products). Institute of Forensic Research Press, Kraków
9. Sekuła K, Zuba D, Stanaszek R (2012) Identification of naphthoylindoles acting on cannabinoid receptors based on their fragmentation patterns under ESI-QTOFMS. J Mass Spectrom 47:632-643
10. Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y (2011) Identification and quantitation of two cannabimimetic phenylacetylindoles JWH-251 and JWH-250, and four cannabimimetic naphthoylindoles JWH-081, JWH-015, JWH-200 and JWH-073 as designer drugs in illegal products. Forensic Toxicol 29:25-37
11. Nakajima J, Takahashi M, Seto T, Suzuki J (2011) Identification and quantitation of cannabimimetic compound JWH-250 as an adulterant in products obtained via the Internet. Forensic Toxicol 29:51-55
12. Nakajima J, Takahashi M, Seto T, Kanai C, Suzuki J, Yoshida M, Hamano T (2011) Identification and quantitation of two benzoylindoles AM-694 and (4-methoxyphenyl)(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone, and three cannabimimetic naphthoylindoles JWH-210, JWH-122, and JWH-019 as adulterants in illegal products obtained via the Internet. Forensic Toxicol 29:95-110
13. Nakajima J, Takahashi M, Seto T, Kanai C, Suzuki J, Yoshida M, Hamano T (2011) Identification and quantitation of a benzoylindole (2-methoxyphenyl)(1- pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone and a naphthoylindole 1-(5-fluoropentyl-1H-indol- 3-yl)-(naphthalene-1-yl)methanone (AM-2201) found in illegal products obtained via the Internet and their cannabimimetic effects evaluated by in vitro [35S]GTPγS binding assays. Forensic Toxicol 29:132-141
14. Nakajima J, Takahashi M, Seto T, Yoshida M, Kanai C, Suzuki J, Hamano T (2012) Identification and quantitation of two new naphthoylindole drugs-of-abuse, (1-(5-hydroxypentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(naphthalen-1-yl)methanone (AM-2202) and (1-(4-pentenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(naphthalen-1-yl)methanone, with other synthetic cannabinoids in unregulated "herbal" products circulated in the Tokyo area. Forensic Toxicol 30:33-44
15. Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y (2012) Identification of two new-type synthetic cannabinoids, N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3- carboxamide (APICA) and N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (APINACA), and detection of five synthetic cannabinoids, AM-1220, AM-2233, AM-1241, CB-13 (CRA-13), and AM-1248, as designer drugs in illegal products. Forensic Toxicol 30:114-125
16. Link system. http://link.iisg.agh.edu.pl. Accessed May 2012
17. Dȩbski R, Kisiel-Dorohinicki M, MiłoÅ T, Piȩtak K (2010) LINK - a decision-support system for criminal analysis. In: Proceedings of MCSS: multimedia communications, services and security: IEEE international conference, Kraków, 6-7 May 2010
18. Terrettaz-Zufferey A, Ratle F, Ribaux O, Esseiva P, Kanejski M (2007) Pattern detection in forensic case data using graph theory: application to heroin cutting agents. Forensic Sci Int 167:242-246 (Pubitemid 46453419)
19. Huffman JW (2009) Cannabimimetic indoles, pyrroles, and indenes: structure-activity relationships and receptor interactions. In: Reggio PH (ed) The cannabinoid receptors. Humana Press, New York, pp 49-94
20. 2 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 13:89-112 (Pubitemid 39575695)
21. Huffman JW, Padgett LW (2005) Recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of cannabimimetic indoles, pyrroles and indenes. Curr Med Chem 12:1395-1411 (Pubitemid 40872583)
22. Huffman JW, Szklennik PV, Almond A, Bushell K, Selley DE, He H, Cassidy MP, Wiley JL, Martin BR (2005) 1-Pentyl-3-phenylacetylindoles, a new class of cannabimimetic indoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 15:4110-4113 (Pubitemid 41132671)
23. Fruchterman TMJ, Reingold EM (1991) Graph drawing by force-directed placement. Softw Pract Exp 21:1129-1164
24. Zuba D, Byrska B (2012) Prevalence and co-existence of active components of "legal highs". Drug Test Anal. doi: 10.1002/dta.1365
25. Kneisel S, Bisel P, Brecht V, Broecker S, Müller M, Auswärter V (2012) Identification of the cannabimimetic AM-1220 and its azepane isomer (N-methylazepan-3-yl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole in a research chemical and several herbal mixtures. Forensic Toxicol 30:126-134