메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 241-254

Evolutionary constraints to viroid evolution

Author keywords

Epistasis; Evolutionary constraints; Genome complexity; Mutation rate; RNA folding; Viroid evolution

Indexed keywords


EID: 84872651836     PISSN: 19994915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/v1020241     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 4644242349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA silencing in plants
    • Baulcombe D. RNA silencing in plants. Nature 2004, 431, 356-363.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 356-363
    • Baulcombe, D.1
  • 2
    • 33645528966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-transcriptional small RNA pathways in plants: Mechanisms and regulations
    • Vaucheret H. Post-transcriptional small RNA pathways in plants: mechanisms and regulations. Genes Dev. 2006, 20, 759-771.
    • (2006) Genes Dev. , vol.20 , pp. 759-771
    • Vaucheret, H.1
  • 3
    • 67651036643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of plant small RNAs in biotic stress responses
    • Ruiz-Ferrer, V.; Voinnet, O. Roles of plant small RNAs in biotic stress responses. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2009, 60, 485-510.
    • (2009) Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. , vol.60 , pp. 485-510
    • Ruiz-Ferrer, V.1    Voinnet, O.2
  • 4
    • 26944443659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressors of RNA silencing encoded by plant viruses and their role in viral infections
    • Qu, F.; Morris, T.J. Suppressors of RNA silencing encoded by plant viruses and their role in viral infections. FEBS Lett. 2005, 579, 5958-5964.
    • (2005) FEBS Lett. , vol.579 , pp. 5958-5964
    • Qu, F.1    Morris, T.J.2
  • 5
    • 0242363258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance of human hepatitis delta virus RNAs to Dicer activity
    • Chang, J.; Provost, P.; Taylor, J.M. Resistance of human hepatitis delta virus RNAs to Dicer activity. J. Virol. 2003, 77, 11910-11917.
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 11910-11917
    • Chang, J.1    Provost, P.2    Taylor, J.M.3
  • 7
    • 1842587524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viroid-induced RNA silencing of GFP-viroid fusion transgenes does not induce extensive spreading of methylation or transitive silencing
    • Vogt, U.; Pelissier, T.; Putz, A.; Razvi, F.; Fischer, R.; Wassenegger, M. Viroid-induced RNA silencing of GFP-viroid fusion transgenes does not induce extensive spreading of methylation or transitive silencing. Plant J. 2004, 38, 107-118.
    • (2004) Plant J. , vol.38 , pp. 107-118
    • Vogt, U.1    Pelissier, T.2    Putz, A.3    Razvi, F.4    Fischer, R.5    Wassenegger, M.6
  • 9
    • 33947372982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A structured viroid RNA Is substrate for Dicer-like cleavage to produce biologically active small RNAs but is resistant to RISC-mediated degradation
    • Itaya, A.; Zhong, X.; Bundschuh, R.; Qi, Y.; Wang, Y.; Takeda, R.; Harris, A.R.; Molina, C.; Nelson, R.S.; Ding, B. A structured viroid RNA Is substrate for Dicer-like cleavage to produce biologically active small RNAs but is resistant to RISC-mediated degradation. J. Virol. 2007, 81, 2980-2994.
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 2980-2994
    • Itaya, A.1    Zhong, X.2    Bundschuh, R.3    Qi, Y.4    Wang, Y.5    Takeda, R.6    Harris, A.R.7    Molina, C.8    Nelson, R.S.9    Ding, B.10
  • 10
    • 34548494147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mature monomeric forms of Hop stunt viroid resist RNA silencing in transgenic plants
    • Gómez, G.; Pallás, V. Mature monomeric forms of Hop stunt viroid resist RNA silencing in transgenic plants. Plant J. 2007, 51, 1041-1049.
    • (2007) Plant J. , vol.51 , pp. 1041-1049
    • Gómez, G.1    Pallás, V.2
  • 11
    • 11144239376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poliovirus escape from RNA interference: Short interfering RNA-target recognition and implications for therapeutic approaches
    • Gitlin, L.; Stone, J.K.; Andino, R. Poliovirus escape from RNA interference: short interfering RNA-target recognition and implications for therapeutic approaches. J. Virol. 2005, 79, 1027-1035.
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 1027-1035
    • Gitlin, L.1    Stone, J.K.2    Andino, R.3
  • 12
    • 0042161890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The activity of siRNA in mammalian cells is related to structural target accessibility: A comparison with antisense oligonucleotides
    • Kretschmer-Kazemi, F.R.; Sczakiel, G. The activity of siRNA in mammalian cells is related to structural target accessibility: a comparison with antisense oligonucleotides. Nucl. Acids Res. 2003, 31, 4417-4424.
    • (2003) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.31 , pp. 4417-4424
    • Kretschmer-Kazemi, F.R.1    Sczakiel, G.2
  • 13
    • 1342306353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on RNAi of the tight structure, sequence and position of the targeted region
    • Yoshinari, K.; Miyagishi, M.; Taira, K. Effects on RNAi of the tight structure, sequence and position of the targeted region. Nucl. Acids Res. 2004, 32, 691-696.
    • (2004) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.32 , pp. 691-696
    • Yoshinari, K.1    Miyagishi, M.2    Taira, K.3
  • 14
    • 13844320402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 can escape from RNA interference by evolving an alternative structure in its RNA genome
    • Westerhout, E.M.; Ooms, M.; Vink, M.; Das, A.T.; Berkhout, B. HIV-1 can escape from RNA interference by evolving an alternative structure in its RNA genome. Nucl. Acids Res. 2005, 33, 796-804.
    • (2005) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.33 , pp. 796-804
    • Westerhout, E.M.1    Ooms, M.2    Vink, M.3    Das, A.T.4    Berkhout, B.5
  • 15
    • 34547843654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic analysis of the effect of target RNA structure on RNA interference
    • Westerhout, E.M.; Berkhout, B. A systematic analysis of the effect of target RNA structure on RNA interference. Nucl. Acids Res. 2007, 35, 4322-4330.
    • (2007) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.35 , pp. 4322-4330
    • Westerhout, E.M.1    Berkhout, B.2
  • 16
    • 0242361242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification in eggplant of a variant of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) with a 96 nucleotide duplication in the right terminal region of the rodlike secondary structure
    • Fadda, Z.; Daròs, J.A.; Flores, R.; Durán-Vila, N. Identification in eggplant of a variant of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) with a 96 nucleotide duplication in the right terminal region of the rodlike secondary structure. Virus Res. 2003, 97, 145-149.
    • (2003) Virus Res. , vol.97 , pp. 145-149
    • Fadda, Z.1    Daròs, J.A.2    Flores, R.3    Durán-Vila, N.4
  • 17
    • 0042887667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peach latent mosaic viroid variants inducing peach calico (extreme chlorosis) contain a characteristic insertion that is responsible for this symptomatology
    • Malfitano, M.; di Serio, F.; Covelli, L.; Ragozzino, A.; Hernández, C.; Flores, R. Peach latent mosaic viroid variants inducing peach calico (extreme chlorosis) contain a characteristic insertion that is responsible for this symptomatology. Virology 2003, 313, 492-501.
    • (2003) Virology , vol.313 , pp. 492-501
    • Malfitano, M.1    di Serio, F.2    Covelli, L.3    Ragozzino, A.4    Hernández, C.5    Flores, R.6
  • 18
    • 21044435697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sign epistasis and genetic constraint on evolutionary trajectories
    • Weinreich, D.M.; Watson, R.A.; Chao, L. Sign epistasis and genetic constraint on evolutionary trajectories. Evolution 2005, 59, 1165-1174.
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 1165-1174
    • Weinreich, D.M.1    Watson, R.A.2    Chao, L.3
  • 19
    • 33749242962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epistasis correlates to genomic complexity
    • Sanjuán, R.; Elena, S.F. Epistasis correlates to genomic complexity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 14402-14405.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 14402-14405
    • Sanjuán, R.1    Elena, S.F.2
  • 20
    • 33749574518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In silico predicted robustness of viroid RNA secondary structures. II. Interaction between mutation pairs
    • Sanjuán, R.; Forment, J.; Elena, S.F. In silico predicted robustness of viroid RNA secondary structures. II. Interaction between mutation pairs. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2006, 23, 2123-2130.
    • (2006) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.23 , pp. 2123-2130
    • Sanjuán, R.1    Forment, J.2    Elena, S.F.3
  • 21
    • 23344432889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epistasis and adaptability of an RNA virus
    • Sanjuán, R.; Cuevas, J.M.; Moya, A.; Elena, S.F. Epistasis and adaptability of an RNA virus. Genetics 2005, 170, 1001-1008.
    • (2005) Genetics , vol.170 , pp. 1001-1008
    • Sanjuán, R.1    Cuevas, J.M.2    Moya, A.3    Elena, S.F.4
  • 22
    • 69449083365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of citrus hosts on the generation, maintenance and evolutionary fate of genetic variability of Citrus exocortis viroid
    • Bernard, L.; Duran-Vila, N.; Elena, S.F. Effect of citrus hosts on the generation, maintenance and evolutionary fate of genetic variability of Citrus exocortis viroid. J. Gen. Virol. 2009, 90, 2040-2049.
    • (2009) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.90 , pp. 2040-2049
    • Bernard, L.1    Duran-Vila, N.2    Elena, S.F.3
  • 23
    • 67849092403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of epistasis and its links with genetic robustness, complexity and drift in a phenotypic model of adaptation
    • Gros, P.A.; Le Nagard, H.; Tenaillon, O. The evolution of epistasis and its links with genetic robustness, complexity and drift in a phenotypic model of adaptation. Genetics 2009, 182, 277-293.
    • (2009) Genetics , vol.182 , pp. 277-293
    • Gros, P.A.1    Le Nagard, H.2    Tenaillon, O.3
  • 24
    • 50549091013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A network model for the correlation between epistasis and genomic complexity
    • Sanjuán, R.; Nebot, M.R. A network model for the correlation between epistasis and genomic complexity. PLoS ONE 2008, 3, e2663.
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3
    • Sanjuán, R.1    Nebot, M.R.2
  • 25
    • 13944272337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The opportunity for canalization and the evolution of genetic networks
    • Proulx, S.R.; Phillips, P.C. The opportunity for canalization and the evolution of genetic networks. Am. Nat. 2005, 165, 147-162.
    • (2005) Am. Nat. , vol.165 , pp. 147-162
    • Proulx, S.R.1    Phillips, P.C.2
  • 26
    • 62849096643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shadows of complexity: What biological networks reveal about epistasis and pleiotropy
    • Tyler, A.L.; Asselbergs, F.W.; Williams, S.M.; Moore, J.H. Shadows of complexity: what biological networks reveal about epistasis and pleiotropy. BioEssays 2009, 31, 220-227.
    • (2009) BioEssays , vol.31 , pp. 220-227
    • Tyler, A.L.1    Asselbergs, F.W.2    Williams, S.M.3    Moore, J.H.4
  • 27
    • 0021038770 scopus 로고
    • Comparative sequence and structure of different isolates of Citrus exocortis viroid
    • Visvander, J.E.; Symons, R.H. Comparative sequence and structure of different isolates of Citrus exocortis viroid. Virology 1983, 130, 232-237.
    • (1983) Virology , vol.130 , pp. 232-237
    • Visvander, J.E.1    Symons, R.H.2
  • 28
    • 0019922899 scopus 로고
    • Viroids RNAs of cadang-cadang disease of coconuts
    • Haseloff, J.; Mohammed, N.A.; Symons, R.H. Viroids RNAs of cadang-cadang disease of coconuts. Nature 1982, 299, 316-321.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.299 , pp. 316-321
    • Haseloff, J.1    Mohammed, N.A.2    Symons, R.H.3
  • 29
    • 84894630820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coleus blumei viroid
    • In, Hadidi, A., Flores, F., Randles, J.W., Semancik J.S., Eds.; CSIRO: Collingwood, Australia
    • Singh, R.P.; Boiteux, M.E.N.F.; Ready, K.F.M.; Nie, X. Coleus blumei viroid. In Viroids; Hadidi, A., Flores, F., Randles, J.W., Semancik J.S., Eds.; CSIRO: Collingwood, Australia, 2003; pp. 228-230.
    • (2003) Viroids , pp. 228-230
    • Singh, R.P.1    Boiteux, M.E.N.F.2    Ready, K.F.M.3    Nie, X.4
  • 30
    • 33846277942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of sex: Empirical insights into the roles of epistasis and drift
    • de Visser, J.A.G.M.; Elena, S.F. The evolution of sex: empirical insights into the roles of epistasis and drift. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2007, 8, 139-149.
    • (2007) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 139-149
    • de Visser, J.A.G.M.1    Elena, S.F.2
  • 31
    • 33646673346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual reproduction reshapes the genetic architecture of digital organisms
    • Misevic, D.; Ofria, C.; Lenski, R.E. Sexual reproduction reshapes the genetic architecture of digital organisms. Proc. R. Soc. B 2005, 273, 457-464.
    • (2005) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.273 , pp. 457-464
    • Misevic, D.1    Ofria, C.2    Lenski, R.E.3
  • 32
    • 0022344804 scopus 로고
    • Domains in viroids: Evidence of intermolecular RNA rearrangements and their contribution to viroid evolution
    • Keese, P.; Symons, R.H. Domains in viroids: evidence of intermolecular RNA rearrangements and their contribution to viroid evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1985, 82, 4582-4586.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.82 , pp. 4582-4586
    • Keese, P.1    Symons, R.H.2
  • 33
    • 0024828178 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence and proposed secondary structure of Columnea latent viroid a natural mosaic of viroid sequences
    • Hammond, R.; Smith, D.R.; Diener, T.O. Nucleotide sequence and proposed secondary structure of Columnea latent viroid a natural mosaic of viroid sequences. Nucl. Acids Res. 1989, 17, 10083-10094.
    • (1989) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.17 , pp. 10083-10094
    • Hammond, R.1    Smith, D.R.2    Diener, T.O.3
  • 34
    • 0026409197 scopus 로고
    • Primary and secondary structure of Citrus viroid IV (CVd IV), a new chimeric viroid present in dwarfed grapefruit in Israel
    • Puchta, H.; Ramm, K.; Luckinger, R.; Hadas, R.; Bar-Joseph, M.; Sanger, H.L. Primary and secondary structure of Citrus viroid IV (CVd IV), a new chimeric viroid present in dwarfed grapefruit in Israel. Nucl. Acids Res. 1991, 19, 6640.
    • (1991) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.19 , pp. 6640
    • Puchta, H.1    Ramm, K.2    Luckinger, R.3    Hadas, R.4    Bar-Joseph, M.5    Sanger, H.L.6
  • 35
    • 0025317126 scopus 로고
    • Australian grapevine viroid-evidence for extensive recombination between viroids
    • Rezaian, M.A. Australian grapevine viroid-evidence for extensive recombination between viroids. Nucl. Acids Res. 1990, 18, 1813-1818.
    • (1990) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.18 , pp. 1813-1818
    • Rezaian, M.A.1
  • 36
    • 0034938643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of viroid and viroid-like satellite RNAs from plants: A reassessment
    • Elena, S.F.; Dopazo, J.; de la Peña, M.; Flores, R.; Diener, T.O.; Moya, A. Phylogenetic analysis of viroid and viroid-like satellite RNAs from plants: a reassessment. J. Mol. Evol. 2001, 53, 155-159.
    • (2001) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.53 , pp. 155-159
    • Elena, S.F.1    Dopazo, J.2    de la Peña, M.3    Flores, R.4    Diener, T.O.5    Moya, A.6
  • 37
    • 0025889752 scopus 로고
    • Subviral pathogens of plants: Viroids and viroid-like satellite RNAs
    • Diener, T.O. Subviral pathogens of plants: viroids and viroid-like satellite RNAs. FASEB J. 1991, 5, 2808-2813.
    • (1991) FASEB J. , vol.5 , pp. 2808-2813
    • Diener, T.O.1
  • 38
    • 33644745138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual reproduction selects for robustness and negative epistasis in artificial gene networks
    • Azevedo, R.B.; Lohaus, R.; Srinivasan, S.; Dang, K.K.; Burch, C.L. Sexual reproduction selects for robustness and negative epistasis in artificial gene networks. Nature 2006, 440, 87-90.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , pp. 87-90
    • Azevedo, R.B.1    Lohaus, R.2    Srinivasan, S.3    Dang, K.K.4    Burch, C.L.5
  • 39
  • 40
    • 33846018059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fittest versus the flattest: Experimental confirmation of the quasispecies effect with subviral pathogens
    • Codoñer, F.M.; Daròs, J.A.; Solé, R.V.; Elena, S.F. The fittest versus the flattest: experimental confirmation of the quasispecies effect with subviral pathogens. PLoS Pathog. 2006, 2, e136.
    • (2006) PLoS Pathog. , vol.2
    • Codoñer, F.M.1    Daròs, J.A.2    Solé, R.V.3    Elena, S.F.4
  • 41
    • 0037022396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redundancy, antiredundancy, and the robustness of genomes
    • Krakauer, D.C.; Plotkin, J.B. Redundancy, antiredundancy, and the robustness of genomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99, 1405-1409.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 1405-1409
    • Krakauer, D.C.1    Plotkin, J.B.2
  • 42
    • 33745614283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In silico predicted robustness of viroids RNA secondary structure. I. The effect of single mutations
    • Sanjuán, R.; Forment, J.; Elena, S.F. In silico predicted robustness of viroids RNA secondary structure. I. The effect of single mutations. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2006, 23, 1427-1436.
    • (2006) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.23 , pp. 1427-1436
    • Sanjuán, R.1    Forment, J.2    Elena, S.F.3
  • 43
    • 62149143760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure evolution of viroids
    • In, 2nd ed.; Domingo, E., Parrish, C.R., Holland, J.J., Eds.; Academic Press: London, UK
    • Durán-Vila, N.; Elena, S.F.; Daròs, J.A.; Flores, R. Structure evolution of viroids. In Origin and evolution of viruses 2nd ed.; Domingo, E., Parrish, C.R., Holland, J.J., Eds.; Academic Press: London, UK, 2008; pp. 43-64.
    • (2008) Origin and evolution of viruses , pp. 43-64
    • Durán-Vila, N.1    Elena, S.F.2    Daròs, J.A.3    Flores, R.4
  • 44
    • 0018394988 scopus 로고
    • Viroid replication is inhibited by α-amanitin
    • Mühlbach, H.P.; Sänger, H.L. Viroid replication is inhibited by α-amanitin. Nature 1979, 278, 185-188.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.278 , pp. 185-188
    • Mühlbach, H.P.1    Sänger, H.L.2
  • 45
    • 0034058302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chloroplastic RNA polymerase resistant to tagetitoxin is involved in replication of Avocado sunblotch viroid
    • Navarro, J.A.; Vera, A.; Flores, R. A chloroplastic RNA polymerase resistant to tagetitoxin is involved in replication of Avocado sunblotch viroid. Virology 2000, 268, 218-225.
    • (2000) Virology , vol.268 , pp. 218-225
    • Navarro, J.A.1    Vera, A.2    Flores, R.3
  • 46
    • 62149152282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extremely high mutation rate of a hammerhead viroid
    • Gago, S.; Elena, S.F.; Flores, R.; Sanjuán, R. Extremely high mutation rate of a hammerhead viroid. Science 2009, 323, 1308.
    • (2009) Science , vol.323 , pp. 1308
    • Gago, S.1    Elena, S.F.2    Flores, R.3    Sanjuán, R.4
  • 47
    • 0015133749 scopus 로고
    • Selforganization of matter and the evolution of macromolecules
    • Eigen, M. Selforganization of matter and the evolution of macromolecules. Naturwissenschafen 1971, 58, 465-523.
    • (1971) Naturwissenschafen , vol.58 , pp. 465-523
    • Eigen, M.1
  • 48
    • 24644465004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive value of high mutation rates of RNA viruses: Separating causes from consequences
    • Elena, S.F.; Sanjuán, R. Adaptive value of high mutation rates of RNA viruses: separating causes from consequences. J. Virol. 2005, 79, 11555-11558.
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 11555-11558
    • Elena, S.F.1    Sanjuán, R.2
  • 49
    • 39049181029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost of replication fidelity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Furió, V.; Moya, A.; Sanjuán, R. The cost of replication fidelity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc. R. Soc. B 2007, 274, 225-230.
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.274 , pp. 225-230
    • Furió, V.1    Moya, A.2    Sanjuán, R.3
  • 50
    • 22544478419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost of replication fidelity in an RNA virus
    • Furió, V.; Moya, A.; Sanjuán, R. The cost of replication fidelity in an RNA virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102, 10233-10237.
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 10233-10237
    • Furió, V.1    Moya, A.2    Sanjuán, R.3
  • 51
    • 52949144577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection fails to optimize mutation rates for long-term on rugged fitness landscapes
    • Clune, J.; Misevic, D.; Ofria, C.; Lenski, R.E.; Elena, S.F.; Sanjuán, R. Natural selection fails to optimize mutation rates for long-term on rugged fitness landscapes. PLoS Comp. Biol. 2008, 4, e1000187.
    • (2008) PLoS Comp. Biol. , vol.4
    • Clune, J.1    Misevic, D.2    Ofria, C.3    Lenski, R.E.4    Elena, S.F.5    Sanjuán, R.6
  • 52
    • 0028558693 scopus 로고
    • Replication of Avocado sunblotch viroid: Evidence for a symmetric pathway with two rolling circles and hammerhead ribozyme processing
    • Daròs, J.A.; Marcos, J.F.; Hernández, C.; Flores, R. Replication of Avocado sunblotch viroid: evidence for a symmetric pathway with two rolling circles and hammerhead ribozyme processing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91, 12813-12817.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 12813-12817
    • Daròs, J.A.1    Marcos, J.F.2    Hernández, C.3    Flores, R.4
  • 53
    • 43549096950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genomic map of viroid RNA motifs critical for replication and systemic trafficking
    • Zhong, X.; Archual, A.J.; Amin, A.A.; Ding, B. A genomic map of viroid RNA motifs critical for replication and systemic trafficking. Plant Cell 2008, 20, 35-47.
    • (2008) Plant Cell , vol.20 , pp. 35-47
    • Zhong, X.1    Archual, A.J.2    Amin, A.A.3    Ding, B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.