Spatially-explicit life cycle assessment of sun-to-wheels transportation pathways in the U.S.

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 1170-1176

  Geyer, Roland ^a   Stoms, David ^a   Kallaos, James ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; CROP YIELD; FOSSIL ENERGY; FUEL REQUIREMENTS; GHG EMISSION; INTERNAL COMBUSTION; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA); NATURAL HABITAT; PHOTOVOLTAICS; SOLAR INSOLATION; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; SWITCHGRASS;

AGRICULTURE; BIOELECTRIC PHENOMENA; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; ELECTRIC VEHICLES; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; ENERGY MANAGEMENT; ETHANOL; FOOD SUPPLY; FOSSIL FUELS; LAND USE; LIFE CYCLE; PLANTS (BOTANY); SOLAR RADIATION; SUN; WHEELS;

GREENHOUSE GASES;

ALCOHOL;

BIOFUEL; CROP YIELD; EMISSION CONTROL; ETHANOL; FOOD SUPPLY; FOSSIL FUEL; GRASS; GREENHOUSE GAS; LAND USE CHANGE; LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS; MAIZE; SOLAR RADIATION;

ARTICLE; BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE; CAR; EXHAUST GAS; GREENHOUSE GAS; INTERNAL COMBUSTION VEHICLE; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT; UNITED STATES;

BIOFUELS; ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLIES; ELECTRICITY; ETHANOL; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; PANICUM; ZEA MAYS;

UNITED STATES;

PANICUM VIRGATUM; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 84872534053     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es302959h     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Goldemberg, J. Ethanol for a sustainable energy future Science 2007, 315, 808-810
2. MacKay, D. J. C. Sustainable Energy-Without the Hot Air; UIT: Cambridge, U.K., 2009.
3. EIA. Figure 2.0 & Tables 11.1 & 11.3d. In Annual Energy Review 2010; DOE/EIA-0384(2010); Energy Information Administration: Washington, DC, 2011.
4. EIA. Table 10.3. In Annual Energy Review 2010; DOE/EIA-0384(2010); Energy Information Administration: Washington, DC, 2011.
5. USDA. National Agricultural Statistics Service; U. S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, 2012; www.nass.usda.gov/Data-and-Statistics.
6. Electrification Coalition. Electrification Roadmap; Electrification Coalition: Washington, DC, 2009.
7. Farrell, A. E.; Plevin, R. J.; Turner, B. T.; Jones, A. D.; O'Hare, M.; Kammen, D. M. Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals Science 2006, 311, 506-508
8. Bai, Y.; Luo, L.; van der Voet, E. Life cycle assessment of switchgrass-derived ethanol as transport fuel Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2010, 15, 468-477
9. ANL. GREET 1.8c.0 Fuel-Cycle Model; Argonne National Laboratory: Lemont, IL, March 2009; www.transportation.anl.gov/modeling-simulation/GREET/index.html.
10. Hill, J.; Nelson, E.; Tilman, D.; Polasky, S.; Tiffany, D. Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103, 11206-11210
11. Campbell, J. E.; Lobell, D. B.; Field, C. B. Greater transportation energy and GHG offsets from bioelectricity than ethanol Science 2009, 324, 1055-1057
12. Hedegaard, K.; Thyø, K. A.; Wenzel, H. Life cycle assessment of an advanced bioethanol technology in the perspective of constrained biomass availability Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 7992-7999
13. Lemoine, D. M.; Plevin, R. J.; Cohn, A. S.; Jones, A. D.; Brandt, A. R.; Vergara, S. E.; Kammen, D. M. The climate impacts of bioenergy systems depend on market and regulatory contexts Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 7347-7350
14. Walker, D. A. Biofuels, facts, fantasy, and feasibility J. Appl. Phycol. 2009, 21, 509-517
15. Blankenship, R. E.; Tiede, D. M.; Barber, J.; Brudvig, G. W.; Fleming, G.; Ghirardi, M.; Gunner, M. R.; Junge, W.; Kramer, D. M.; Melis, A.; Moore, T. A.; Moser, C. C.; Nocera, D. G.; Nozik, A. J.; Ort, D. R.; Parson, W. W.; Prince, R. C. Comparing photosynthetic and photovoltaic efficiencies and recognizing the potential for improvement Science 2011, 332, 805-809
16. McDonald, R. I.; Fargione, J.; Kiesecker, J.; Miller, W. M.; Powell, J. Energy sprawl or energy efficiency: Climate policy impacts on natural habitat for the United States of America PLoS One 2009, 4, e6802
17. Fthenakis, V.; Kim, H. C. Land use and electricity generation: A life-cycle analysis Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2009, 13, 1465-1474
18. Delucchi, M. A. Impacts of biofuels on climate change, water use, and land use Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2010, 1195, 28-45
19. Fenner, R. Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of maize-biogas and photovoltaics on a land use basis Sol. Energy 2010, 84, 1255-1263
20. Graebig, M.; Bringezu, S.; Fenner, R. Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of maize-biogas and photovoltaics on a land use basis Sol. Energy 2010, 84, 1255-1263
21. Campbell, J. E.; Block, E. Land-use and alternative bioenergy pathways for waste biomass Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 8665-8669
22. NREL. Figure 1.1 & Figure 3.2. In 2008 Solar Technologies Market Report; DOE/GO-102010-2867; National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, 2010.
23. Jacobson, M. Z. Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security Energy Environ. Sci. 2009, 2, 148-173
24. Perez, R.; Ineichen, P.; Moore, K.; Kmiecik, M.; Chain, C.; George, R.; Vignola, F. A new operational model for satellite-derived irradiances: Description and validation Sol. Energy 2002, 73, 307-317
25. Wullschleger, S. D.; Davis, E. B.; Borsuk, M. E.; Gunderson, C. A.; Lynd, L. R. Biomass production in switchgrass across the United States: Database description and determinants of yield Agron. J. 2010, 102, 1158-1168
26. 2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008, 8, 389-395
27. Barney, J. N.; DiTomaso, J. M. Bioclimatic predictions of habitat suitability for the biofuel switchgrass in North America under current and future climate scenarios Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 124-133
28. Dones, R.; Bauer, C.; Röder, A.; Kohle, Report No. 6-VI; Ecoinvent: Dübendorf, Switzerland, 2007.
29. Heck, T.; Wärme-Kraft-Kopplung, Report No. 6-XIV; Ecoinvent: Dübendorf, Switzerland, 2007.
30. Jungbluth, N.; Tuchschmid, M.; Photovoltaics, Report No. 6-XII; Ecoinvent: Dübendorf, Switzerland, 2007.
31. Fthenakis, V. M.; Kim, H. C.; Alsema, E. Emissions from photovoltaic life cycles Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 2168-2174
32. Samaras, C.; Meisterling, K. Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from plug-in hybrid vehicles: Implications for policy Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 3170-3176
33. Burnham, A.; Wang, M.; Wu, Y. Development and Applications of GREET 2.7-The Transportation Vehicle-Cycle Model, ANL/ESD/06-5; Argonne National Laboratory: Lemont, IL, 2006.
34. Notter, D. A.; Gauch, M.; Widmer, R.; Wäger, P.; Stamp, A.; Zah, R.; Althaus, H.-J. Contribution of Li-ion batteries to the environmental impact of electric vehicles Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 6550-6556
35. EPRI. Environmental Assessment of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Vol. 1: Nationwide Greenhouse Gas Emissions, No. 1015325; Electric Power, Research Institute: Palo Alto, CA, 2007.
36. Searchinger, T.; Heimlick, R.; Houghton, R. A.; Dong, F.; Elobeid, A.; Fabiosa, J.; Tokgoz, S.; Hayes, D.; Yu, T.-H. Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change Science 2008, 319, 1238-1240
37. Plevin, R. J.; O'Hare, M.; Jones, A. D.; Torn, M. S.; Gibbs, H. K. Greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels' indirect land use change are uncertain but may be much greater than previously estimated Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 8015-8021
38. Geyer, R. Parametric assessment of climate change impacts of automotive material substitution Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 6973-6979
39. EIA. Table 3.8c. In February 2011 Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0035(2011/02); Energy Information Administration: Washington, DC, 2011.