Comparing photosynthetic and photovoltaic efficiencies and recognizing the potential for improvement

Science

Volumn 332, Issue 6031, 2011, Pages 805-809

  Blankenship, Robert E ^a   Tiede, David M ^b   Barber, James ^c,d   Brudvig, Gary W ^e   Fleming, Graham ^f,g   Ghirardi, Maria ^h   Gunner, M R ⁱ   Junge, Wolfgang ^j   Kramer, David M ^k   Melis, Anastasios ^f   Moore, Thomas A ^l   Moser, Christopher C ^m   Nocera, Daniel G ⁿ   Nozik, Arthur J ^h,o   Ort, Donald R ^p   Parson, William W ^q   Prince, Roger C ^r   Sayre, Richard T ^s  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d POLITECNICO DI TORINO   (Italy)

^e YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^h NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY   (United States)

ⁱ CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^j UNIVERSITY OF OSNABRÜCK   (Germany)

^k Michigan State University   (United States)

^l ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

ⁿ MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^o UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^p UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^q UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^r EXXONMOBIL UPSTREAM RESEARCH COMPANY   (United States)

^s DONALD DANFORTH PLANT SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAROTENOID; CHLOROPHYLL; FORMATE DEHYDROGENASE; FUEL; HYDROGEN; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; SILICON; WATER;

BIOMASS; ELECTRICAL POWER; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; HYDROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM;

ARABIDOPSIS; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; BIOMASS; CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION; CARBON FIXATION; CATERING SERVICE; CHEMICAL BOND; CHLOROPLAST; CLIMATE CHANGE; CORN; DIFFUSION; ELECTRIC CURRENT; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ELECTROLYSIS; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ESCHERICHIA COLI; INFRARED RADIATION; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT; LIGHT ABSORPTION; MICROALGA; NONHUMAN; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTON; PHOTORESPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFICIENCY; PLANT BREEDING; PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOLAR ENERGY; SOYBEAN; SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; THERMODYNAMICS; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; WASTE DISPOSAL;

BIOMASS; ELECTRICITY; ELECTROLYSIS; HYDROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; SOLAR ENERGY; SUNLIGHT; SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY;

EID: 79956054956     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1200165     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. M. I. Hoffert et al., Science 298, 981 (2002).
2. N. S. Lewis, D. G. Nocera, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 15729 (2006).
3. J. Barber, Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 185 (2009).
4. World Energy Council, www.worldenergy.org/publications/survey-of-energy- resources-2007/solar/720.asp (2007).
5. Committee on America's Future, America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation: Summary Edition (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2009).
6. R. E. Blankenship, Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK (2002).
7. X.-G. Zhu, S. P. Long, D. R. Ort, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 61, 235 (2010).
8. S. C. Davis, K. J. Anderson-Teixeira, E. H. Delucia, Trends Plant Sci. 14, 140 (2009).
9. A. F. Sherwani, J. A. Usmani, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 14, 540 (2010).
10. M. A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta, Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 18, 144 (2010).
11. M. Topic, K. Brecl, J. Sites, Performance assessment of PV modules relationship between STC rating and field performance, in Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, vol. 1 and 2 (IEEE, New York 2006), pp. 2141-2144.
12. C. A. Wraight, R. K. Clayton, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 333, 246 (1974).
13. D. A. Walker, J. Appl. Phycol. 21, 509 (2009).
14. R. H. Wijffels, M. J. Barbosa, Science 329, 796 (2010).
15. M. Janssen, J. Tramper, L. R. Mur, R. H. Wijffels, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 81, 193 (2003).
16. L. N. M. Duysens, Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 11, 10 (1959).
17. R. S. Knox, W. W. Parson, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1767, 1189 (2007).
18. W. Shockley, H. J. Queisser, J. Appl. Phys. 32, 510 (1961).
19. M. C. Hanna, A. J. Nozik, J. Appl. Phys. 100, 74510 (2006).
20. 2S.
21. J. R. Bolton, D. O. Hall, Annu. Rev. Energy 4, 353 (1979).
22. N. Buchmann, J. R. Ehleringer, Agric. For. Meteorol. 89, 45 (1998).
23. J. Genovese, K. Harg, M. Paster, J. Turner, Current (2009) state of the art hydrogen production cost estimate using water electrolysis. NREL/BK-6A1-46676, www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/46676.pdf (2009).
24. N. S. Lewis, G. Crabtree, A. J. Nozik, M. R. Wasielewski, P. Alivisatos, Basic research needs for solar energy utilization (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Washington, DC, 2005).
25. M. Green, Third Generation Photovoltaics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2003).
26. M. Chen, R. E. Blankenship, Trends Plant Sci., published online 12 April 2011.
27. 2 evolution under optimal laboratory conditions are 9 to 10 (63-65).
28. D. Gust, D. Kramer, A. Moore, T. A. Moore, W. Vermaas, MRS Bull. 33, 383 (2008).
29. N. P. R. Anten, Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 95, 495 (2005).
30. C. A. Raines, Photosynth. Res. 75, 1 (2003).
31. S. P. Long, X.-G. Zhu, S. L. Naidu, D. R. Ort, Plant Cell Environ. 29, 315 (2006).
32. C. H. Foyer, A. J. Bloom, G. Queval, G. Noctor, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 60, 455 (2009).
33. M. Giordano, J. Beardall, J. A. Raven, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 56, 99 (2005).
34. M. R. Badger, G. D. Price, J. Exp. Bot. 54, 609 (2003).
35. J. M. Hibberd, S. Covshoff, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 61, 181 (2010).
36. R. J. Spreitzer, M. E. Salvucci, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 53, 449 (2002).
37. R. Kebeish et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 593 (2007).
38. X.-G. Zhu, A. R. Portis Jr., S. P. Long, Plant Cell Environ. 27, 155 (2004).
39. R. T. Sayre, Bioscience 60, 722 (2010).
40. B. R. Green, W. W. Parson, Eds., Light-Harvesting Antennas in Photosynthesis, vol. 13 (Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2003).
41. A. Melis, Plant Sci. 177, 272 (2009).
42. N. R. Baker, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 59, 89 (2008).
43. W. Sakamoto, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57, 599 (2006).
44. J. H. Mussgnug et al., Plant Biotechnol. J. 5, 802 (2007).
45. M. Mitra, A. Melis, Opt. Express 16, 21807 (2008).
46. D. R. Ort, Xo Zhu, A. Melis, Plant Physiol. 155, 79 (2011).
47. H. Miyashita et al., Nature 383, 402 (1996).
48. M. Chen et al., Science 329, 1318 (2010).
49. D. F. Savage, J. Way, P. A. Silver, ACS Chem. Biol. 3, 13 (2008).
50. G. S. Engel et al., Nature 446, 782 (2007).
51. R. K. Thauer, Science 318, 1732 (2007).
52. A. Bar-Even, E. Noor, N. E. Lewis, R. Milo, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 8889 (2010).
53. J. Zarzycki, V. Brecht, M. Müller, G. Fuchs, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 21317 (2009).
54. M. Ihara, H. Nakamoto, T. Kamachi, I. Okura, M. Maeda, Photochem. Photobiol. 82, 1677 (2006).
55. L. M. Utschig et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2, 236 (2011).
56. P. M. Vignais, B. Billoud, Chem. Rev. 107, 4206 (2007).
57. M. L. Ghirardi et al., Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 58, 71 (2007).
58. J. L. Dempsey, B. S. Brunschwig, J. R. Winkler, H. B. Gray, Acc. Chem. Res. 42, 1995 (2009).
59. T. Reda, C. M. Plugge, N. J. Abram, J. Hirst, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 10654 (2008).
60. K. P. Nevin, A. E. Woodard, A. E. Franks, Z. M. Summers, D. R Lovley, mBio 1(2), e00103 (2010).
61. J. J. Kan, L. Hsu, A. C. M. Cheung, M. Pirbazari, K. H. Nealson, Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 1139 (2011).
62. R. E. Blankenship, M. T. Madigan, C. E. Bauer, Eds., Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria (Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1995).
63. R. Emerson, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 9, 1 (1958).
64. A. C. Ley, D. C. Mauzerall, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 680, 95 (1982).
65. J. B. Skillman, J. Exp. Bot. 59, 1647 (2008).
66. A. S. T. M. Standard, G173-03 (2008), Standard tables for reference solar spectral irradiances: Direct normal and hemispherical on 37° tilted surface (10.1520/G0173-03R08), available online: www.astm.org/Standards/G173.htm, http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/spectra/am1.5.
67. G. E. Jellison, F. A. Modine, J. Appl. Phys. 53, 3745 (1982).
68. This article evolved from presentations and discussions at the workshop "What is the Efficiency of Photosynthesis?" held in May 2009 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, sponsored by the Council on Chemical and Biochemical Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors thank the members of the Council for their encouragement and assistance in developing this workshop. In addition, the authors are indebted to the agencies responsible for funding their individual research efforts, without which this work would not have been possible.