Pharmacokinetics of macrolides in foals

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-13

  Villarino, N ^a   Martin Jimenez T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AZITHROMYCIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; GAMITHROMYCIN; MACROLIDE; RIFAMPICIN; TELITHROMYCIN; TILMICOSIN; TULATHROMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG METABOLISM; FOAL; HUMAN; LUNG LAVAGE; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; NONHUMAN; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RHODOCOCCUS EQUI; TIME TO MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION;

ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; INTESTINAL ABSORPTION; MACROLIDES;

RHODOCOCCUS EQUI;

EID: 84872412225     PISSN: 01407783     EISSN: 13652885     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12010     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Anadón, A. & Reeve-Johnson, L. (1999) Macrolide antibiotics, drug interactions and microsomal enzymes: implications for veterinary medicine. Research in Veterinary Science, 66, 197-203.
2. Baldwin, D.R., Honeybourne, D. & Wise, R. (1992) Pulmonary disposition of antimicrobial agents: methodological considerations. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 36, 1171-1175.
3. Barza, M. & Cuchural, G. (1985) General principles of antibiotic tissue penetration. Journal of Antimicrobial and Chemothererapy, 15, 59-75.
4. Berghaus, L.J., Giguère, S., Sturgill, T.L., Bade, D., Malinski, T.J. & Huang, R. (2011) Plasma pharmacokinetics, pulmonary distribution, and in vitro activity of gamithromycin in foals. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 35, 59-66.
5. Bibi, Z. (2008) Role of cytochrome P450 in drug interactions. Nutritrion and Metababolism, 5, 27-37.
6. Bodem, C.R., Lampton, L.M., Miller, D.P., Tarka, E.F. & Everett, E.D. (1983) Endobronchial pH. Relevance of aminoglycoside activity in gram-negative bacillary pneumonia. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 127, 39-41.
7. Boggiano, B.G. & Gleeson, M. (1976) Gastric acid inactivation of erythromycin stearate in solid dosage forms. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 65, 497-502.
8. Carlier, M.B., Zenebergh, A. & Tulkens, P.M. (1987) Cellular uptake and subcellular distribution of roxithromycin and erythromycin in phagocytic cells. Journal of Antimicrobials and Chemotherapy, 20 (Suppl B), 47-56.
9. Carlson, K., Kuskie, K., Chaffin, K., Libal, M., Giguere, S., Lawhon, S. & Cohen, N. (2010) Antimicrobial activity of tulathromycin and 14 Other antimicrobials against virulent Rhodococcus equi in vitro. Veterinary Therapeutics, 11, E1-E9.
10. Chaffin, M.K., Cohen, N.D. & Martens, R.J. (2008) Chemoprophylactic effects of azithromycin against Rhodococcus equi-induced pneumonia among foals at equine breeding farms with endemic infections. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 232, 1035-1047.
11. Chin, A.C., Morck, D.W., Merrill, J.K., Ceri, H., Olson, M.E., Read, R.R., Dick, P. & Buret, A.G. (1998) Anti-inflammatory benefits of tilmicosin in calves with Pasteurella haemolytica-infected lungs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 59, 765-771.
12. Clark, C., Dowling, P.M., Ross, S., Woodbury, M. & Boison, J.O. (2008) Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in equine tissues and plasma. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 31, 66-70.
13. Cortez, J., Aguilar, J.J., Lagioia, M., Fernandez, R. & Losinno, L. (2008) Use of ultrasonography to detect pulmonary lesions in Thoroughbred foals in Argentina. Equine Veterinary Education, 20, 154-158.
14. Dargaville, P.A., South, M., Vervaart, P. & McDougall, P.N. (1999) Validity of markers of dilution in small volume lung lavage. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 160, 778-784.
15. Davis, J.L., Gardner, S.Y., Jones, S.L., Schwabenton, B.A. & Papich, M.G. (2002) Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in foals after i.v. and oral dose and disposition into phagocytes. Journal of Veteterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 25, 99-104.
16. Drusano, G.L. (2005) Infection site concentrations: their therapeutic importance and the macrolide and macrolide-like class of antibiotics. Pharmacotherapy, 25, c150S-c158S.
17. Drusano, G.L. (2007) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 45 (Suppl 1), S89-S95.
18. Emilien, G., van Meurs, W. & Maloteaux, J.M. (2000) The dose-response relationship in phase I clinical trials and beyond: use, meaning, and assessment. Pharmacology Therapeutics, 88, 33-58.
19. Fischer, C.D., Beatty, J.K., Zvaigzne, C.G., Morck, D.W., Lucas, M.J. & Buret, A.G. (2010) Anti-inflammatory benefits of antibiotic-induced neutrophil apoptosis: tulathromycin induces caspase-3-dependent neutrophil programmed cell death and inhibits NF-{kappa}B signaling and CXCL8 transcription. Antimicrobials Agents and Chemotherapy, 55, 338-348.
20. Giguère, S., Jacks, S., Roberts, G.D., Hernandez, J., Long, M.T. & Ellis, C. (2004) Retrospective comparison of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin for the treatment of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 18, 568-573.
21. Giguère, S., Cohen, N.D., Chaffin, M.K., Slovis, N.M., Hondalus, M.K., Hines, S.A. & Prescott, J.F. (2011) Diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of infections caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25, 1209-1220.
22. Halprin, G.M. & McMahon, S.M. (1973) Cephalexin concentrations in sputum during acute respiratory infections. Antimicrobials Agents and Chemotherapy, 3, 703-707.
23. Hillidge, C.J. (1987) Use of erythromycin-rifampin combination in treatment of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Veterinary Microbiology, 14, 337-342.
24. Hohenegger, M. (2010) Novel and current treatment concepts using pulmonary drug delivery. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 16, 2484-2492.
25. Ichikawa, Y., Ninomiya, H., Koga, H., Tanaka, M., Kinoshita, M., Tokunaga, N., Yano, T. & Oizumi, K. (1992) Erythromycin reduces neutrophils and neutrophil-derived elastolytic-like activity in the lower respiratory tract of bronchiolitis patients. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 146, 196-203.
26. Jacks, S., Giguère, S., Gronwall, P.R., Brown, M.P. & Merritt, K.A. (2001) Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and concentration in body fluids and bronchoalveolar cells in foals. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 62, 1870-1875.
27. Jacks, S., Giguère, S., Gronwall, R.R., Brown, M.P. & Merritt, K.A. (2002) Disposition of oral clarithromycin in foals. Journal of Veteterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 25, 359-362.
28. Jacks, S., Giguère, S. & Nguyen, A.N. (2003) In vitro susceptibilities of Rodococcus equi and other common equine pathogens to azithromycin, clarithromycin, and 20 other antimicrobials. Antimicrobials Agents and Chemotherapy, 47, 1742-1745.
29. Javsicas, L.H., Giguère, S. & Womble, A.Y. (2010) Disposition of oral telithromycin in foals and in vitro activity of the drug against macrolide-susceptible and macrolide-resistant Rhodococcus equi isolates. Journal of Veteterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 33, 383-388.
30. Kiem, S. & Schentag, J.J. (2008) Interpretation of antibiotic concentration ratios measured in epithelial lining fluid. Antimicrobials Agents and Chemotherapy, 52, 24-36.
31. Kim, Y.H., Heinze, T.M., Beger, R., Pothuluri, J.V. & Cerniglia, C.E. (2004) A kinetic study on the degradation of erythromycin A in aqueous solution. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 271, 63-76.
32. Knight, H.D., Hietala, S.K. & Jang, S. (1980) Antibacterial treatment of abscesses. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 176, 1095-1098.
33. Lakritz, J., Wilson, W.D. & Mihalyi, J.E. (1999) Comparison of microbiologic and high-performance liquid chromatography assays to determine plasma concentrations, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of erythromycin base in plasma of foals after intravenous or intragastric administration. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 414-419.
34. Lakritz, J., Wilson, W.D., Marsh, A.E. & Mihalyi, J.E. (2000a) Effects of prior feeding on pharmacokinetics and estimated bioavailability after oral administration of a single dose of microencapsulated erythromycin base in healthy foals. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 61, 1011-1015.
35. Lakritz, J., Wilson, W.D., Marsh, A.E. & Mihalyi, J.E. (2000b) Pharmacokinetics of erythromycin estolate and erythromycin phosphate after intragastric administration to healthy foals. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 61, 914-919.
36. Lee, W.D., Flynn, A.N., LeBlanc, J.M., Merrill, J.K., Dick, P., Morck, D.W. & Buret, A.G. (2004) Tilmicosin-induced bovine neutrophil apoptosis is cell-specific and downregulates spontaneous LTB4 synthesis without increasing Fas expression. Veterinary Research, 35, 213-224.
37. Leiva, M., Ruiz-Bravo, A., Moreno, E. & Jiménez-Valera, M. (2008) Telithromycin inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators and the activation of NF-kappaB in in vitro-stimulated murine cells. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 53, 343-350.
38. Letavic, M.A., Bronk, B.S., Bertsche, C.D., Casavant, J.M., Cheng, H., Daniel, K.L., George, D.M., Hayashi, S.F., Kamicker, B.J., Kolosko, N.L., Norcia, L.J., Oberton, V.D., Rushing, M.A. & Santoro, S.L. (2002) Synthesis and activity of a novel class of tribasic macrocyclic antibiotics: the triamilides. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 12, 2771-2774.
39. Mikasa, K., Kita, E., Sawaki, M., Kunimatsu, M., Hamada, K., Konishi, M., Kashiba, S. & Narita, N. (1992) The anti-inflammatory effect of erythromycin in zymosan-induced peritonitis of mice. Journal of Antimicrobials Chemotherapy, 30, 339-348.
40. Mouton, J.W., Theuretzbacher, U., Craig, W.A., Tulkens, P.M., Derendorf, H. & Cars, O. (2008) Tissue concentrations: do we ever learn? Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 61, 235-237.
41. Nebbia, C., Dacasto, M., Rossetto Giaccherino, A., Giuliano Albo, A. & Carletti, M. (2003) Comparative expression of liver cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases in the horse and in other agricultural and laboratory species. The Veterinary Journal, 165, 53-64.
42. Ng, A.W., Bidani, A. & Heming, T.A. (2004) Innate host defense of the lung: effects of lung-lining fluid pH. Lung, 182, 297-317.
43. Nielson, D.W. (1986) Electrolyte composition of pulmonary alveolar subphase in anesthetized rabbits. Journal of Applied Physiology, 6097, 2-979.
44. Nielson, D.W., Goerke, J. & Clements, J.A. (1981) Alveolar subphase pH in the lungs of anesthetized rabbits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A, 78, 7119-7123.
45. Nightingale, C.H. (1997) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of newer macrolides. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 16, 438-443.
46. Nordmann, P. & Ronco, E. (1992) In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Rodococcus equi. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 29, 383-393.
47. Nyberg, K., Johansson, U., Johansson, A. & Camner, P. (1992) Phagolysosomal pH in alveolar macrophages. Environmental Health Perspectives, 97, 149-152.
48. Peters, J., Block, W., Oswald, S., Freyer, J., Grube, M., Kroemer, H.K., Lammer, M., Luetjohann, D., Venner, M. & Siegmund, W. (2011) Oral absorption of clarithromycin is nearly abolished by chronic comedication of rifampicin in foals. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 39, 1643-1649.
49. Prescott, J.F., Hoover, D.J. & Dohoo, I.R. (1983) Pharmacokinetics of erythromycin in foals and in adult horses. Journal of Veteterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6, 67-73.
50. 2, and serum) on MIC values of tulathromycin against Haemophilus somnus. In Proceedings of the 23th World Buiatrics Congress, pp. 70-71, Quebec, Canada.
51. Rowland, M. & Toser, T.N.(2011) Distribution kinetics. In The Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Concepts and Applications, 4th edn. Eds Rowland, M.. & Toser, T.N., pp. 561-602. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
52. Scheuch, E., Spieker, J., Venner, M. & Siegmund, W. (2007) Quantitative determination of the macrolide antibiotic tulathromycin in plasma and broncho-alveolar cells of foals using tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 850, 464-470.
53. Seral, C., Carryn, S., Tulkens, P.M. & Van Bambeke, F. (2003) Influence of P-glycoprotein and MRP efflux pump inhibitors on the intracellular activity of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin in macrophages infected by Listeria monocytogenes or Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Antimicrobial and Chemotherapy, 51, 1167-1173.
54. Stratton-Phelps, M., Wilson, W.D. & Gardner, I.A. (2000) Risk of adverse effects in pneumonic foals treated with erythromycin versus other antibiotics: 143 cases (1986-1996). Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 217, 68-73.
55. Suarez-Mier, G., Giguère, S. & Lee, E.A. (2007) Pulmonary disposition of erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin in foals. Journal of Veteterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 30, 109-115.
56. Takeshita, K., Yamagishi, I., Harada, M., Otomo, S., Nakagawa, T. & Mizushima, Y. (1989) Immunological and anti-inflammatory effects of clarithromycin: inhibition of interleukin 1 production of murine peritoneal macrophages. Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research, 15, 527-533.
57. Toutain, P.L. & Bousquet-Mélou, A. (2004a) Bioavailability and its assessment. Journal of Veteterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 27, 455-466.
58. Toutain, P.L. & Bousquet-Mélou, A. (2004b) Volumes of distribution. Journal of Veteterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 27, 441-453.
59. Toutain, P.L., del Castillo, J.R. & Bousquet-Mélou, A. (2002) The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach to a rational dosage regimen for antibiotics. Research in Veterinary Sciences, 73, 105-114.
60. Tulkens, P.M. (1990) Intracellular pharmacokinetics and localization of antibiotics as predictors of their efficacy against intraphagocytic infections. Scandinavian Journal Infectious Diseases Suppl, 74, 209-217.
61. Tulkens, P.M. (1991) Intracellular distribution and activity of antibiotics. European Journal of Clinical and Microbiological Infectious Diseases, 10, 100-106.
62. Tyteca, D., Schanck, A., Dufrêne, Y.F., Deleu, M., Courtoy, P.J., Tulkens, P.M. & Mingeot-Leclercq, M.P. (2003) The macrolide antibiotic azithromycin interacts with lipids and affects membrane organization and fluidity: studies on Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers, liposomes and J774 macrophages. Journal of Membrane Biology, 192, 203-215.
63. USP (2007) Macrolides (Veterinary Systemic). Available at: http://vetmed.tamu.edu/common/docs/public/aavpt/macrolides.pdf (accessed February 1, 2012).
64. Van Bambeke, F. & Tulkens, P.M. (2001) Macrolides: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 18 (Suppl 1), S17-S23.
65. Van Bambeke, F., Barcia-Macay, M., Lemaire, S. & Tulkens, P.M. (2006) Cellular pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics: current views and perspectives. Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development, 9, 218-230.
66. Vázquez-Boland, J.A., Letek, M., Valero-Rello, A., González, P. & Scortti, M. (2010) Rhodococcus equi and its pathogenic mechanisms. Microbiology Monographs, 6, 331-359.
67. Venner, M., Kerth, R. & Klug, E. (2007) Evaluation of tulathromycin in the treatment of pulmonary abscesses in foals. The Veterinary Journal, 174, 418-421.
68. Venner, M., Peters, J., Hohensteiger, N., Schock, B., Bornhorst, A., Grube, M., Adam, U., Scheuch, E., Weitschies, W., Rosskopf, D., Kroemer, H.K. & Siegmund, W. (2010) Concentration of the macrolide antibiotic tulathromycin in broncho-alveolar cells is influenced by comedication of rifampicin in foals. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 381, 161-169.
69. Watkins, V.S., Polk, R.E. & Stotka, J.L. (1997) Drug interactions of macrolides: emphasis on dirithromycin. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 31, 349-356.
70. Womble, A., Giguère, S., Murthy, Y.V., Cox, C. & Obare, E. (2006a) Pulmonary disposition of tilmicosin in foals and in vitro activity against Rhodococcus equi and other common equine bacterial pathogens. Journal of Veteterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 29, 561-568.
71. Womble, A.Y., Giguère, S., Lee, E.A. & Vickroy, T.W. (2006b) Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and concentrations in body fluids and bronchoalveolar cells of foals. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 67, 1681-1686.
72. Wu, L., Lin, J.H., Bao, K., Li, P.F. & Zhang, W.G. (2009) In vitro effects of erythromycin on RANKL and nuclear factor-kappa B by human TNF-alpha stimulated Jurkat cells. International Immunopharmacology, 9, 1105-1109.
73. Zhanel, G.G., Dueck, M., Hoban, D.J., Vercaigne, L.M., Embil, J.M., Gin, A.S. & Karlowsky, J.A. (2001) Review of macrolides and ketolides: focus on respiratory tract infections. Drugs, 61, 443-498.
74. Zink, M.C., Yager, J.A., Prescott, J.F. & Fernando, M.A. (1987) Electron microscopic investigation of intracellular events after ingestion of Rhodococcus equi by foal alveolar macrophages. Veterinary Microbiology, 14, 295-305.