The triple i hypothesis: Taking another('s) perspective on executive dysfunction in autism

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 114-121

  White, Sarah J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Arbitrary; Autism; Executive function; Implicit; Mentalising; Theory of mind

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUTISM; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; EYE TRACKING; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; HUMAN; INHIBITION KINETICS; MOTIVATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; STIMULUS RESPONSE; STROOP TEST; TASK PERFORMANCE;

AUTISTIC DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEEDBACK, PSYCHOLOGICAL; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; THEORY OF MIND;

EID: 84872347113     PISSN: 01623257     EISSN: 15733432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1550-8     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Adams, N. C.; & Jarrold, C. (2009). Inhibition and the validity of the stroop task for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1112-1121.
2. Agam, Y.; Joseph, R. M.; Barton, J. J.; & Manoach, D. S. (2010). Reduced cognitive control of response inhibition by the anterior cingulate cortex in autism spectrum disorders. Neuroimage, 52, 336-347.
3. Ambery, F. Z.; Russell, A. J.; Perry, K.; Morris, R.; & Murphy, D. G. (2006). Neuropsychological functioning in adults with Asperger syndrome. Autism, 10, 551-664.
4. Barnard, L.; Muldoon, K.; Hasan, R.; O'Brien, G.; & Stewart, M. (2008). Profiling executive dysfunction in adults with autism and comorbid learning disability. Autism, 12, 125-141.
5. Bigham, S. (2010). Impaired competence for pretense in children with autism: Exploring potential cognitive predictors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 30-38.
6. Bishop, D. V.; & Norbury, C. F. (2005). Executive functions in children with communication impairments, in relation to autistic symptomatology. 2: Response inhibition. Autism, 9, 29-43.
7. Bogte, H.; Flamma, B.; van der Meere, J.; & van Engeland, H. (2008). Cognitive flexibility in adults with high functioning autism. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 30, 33-41.
8. Boucher, J.; Cowell, P.; Howard, M.; Broks, P.; Farrant, A.; Roberts, N.; et al. (2005). A combined clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroanatomical study of adults with high functioning autism. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 10, 165-213.
9. Cederlund, M.; Hagberg, B.; & Gillberg, C. (2010). Asperger syndrome in adolescent and young adult males. Interview, self- and parent assessment of social, emotional, and cognitive problems. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31, 287-298.
10. Chan, A. S.; Cheung, M. C.; Han, Y. M.; Sze, S. L.; Leung, W. W.; Man, H. S.; et al. (2009). Executive function deficits and neural discordance in children with autism spectrum disorders. Clinical Neurophysiology, 120, 1107-1115.
11. Colvert, E.; Custance, D.; & Swettenham, J. (2002). Rule-based reasoning and theory of mind in autism: A commentary on the work of Zelazo, Jacques, Burack and Frye. Infant and Child Development, 11, 197-200.
12. Corbett, B. A.; Constantine, L. J.; Hendren, R.; Rocke, D.; & Ozonoff, S. (2009). Examining executive functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and typical development. Psychiatry Research, 166, 210-222.
13. Dichter, G. S.; & Belger, A. (2007). Social stimuli interfere with cognitive control in autism. Neuroimage, 35, 1219-1230.
14. Dichter, G. S.; Radonovich, K. J.; Turner-Brown, L. M.; Lam, K. S.; Holtzclaw, T. N.; & Bodfish, J. W. (2010). Performance of children with autism spectrum disorders on the dimension-change card sort task. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 448-456.
15. Edgin, J. O.; & Pennington, B. F. (2005). Spatial cognition in autism spectrum disorders: superior, impaired, or just intact? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 729-745.
16. Fournier-Vicente, S.; Larigauderie, P.; & Gaonac'h, D. (2008). More dissociations and interactions within central executive functioning: A comprehensive latent-variable analysis. Acta Psychologia, 129, 32-48.
17. Gaigg, S. B.; Gardiner, J. M.; & Bowler, D. M. (2008). Free recall in autism spectrum disorder: The role of relational and item-specific encoding. Neuropsychologia, 46, 983-992.
18. Geurts, H. M.; Corbett, B.; & Solomon, M. (2009). The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 74-82.
19. Geurts, H. M.; Verte, S.; Oosterlaan, J.; Roeyers, H.; & Sergeant, J. A. (2004). How specific are executive functioning deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 836-854.
20. Gioia, G. A.; Isquith, P. K.; Kenworthy, L.; & Barton, R. M. (2002). Profiles of everyday executive function in acquired and developmental disorders. Child Neuropsychology, 8, 121-137.
21. Goldberg, M. C.; Mostofsky, S. H.; Cutting, L. E.; Mahone, E. M.; Astor, B. C.; Denckla, M. B.; et al. (2005). Subtle executive impairment in children with autism and children with ADHD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 279-293.
22. Griebling, J.; Minshew, N. J.; Bodner, K.; Libove, R.; Bansal, R.; Konasale, P.; et al. (2010). Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex magnetic resonance imaging measurements and cognitive performance in autism. Journal of Child Neurology, 25, 856-863.
23. Hadjikhani, N.; Joseph, R. M.; Snyder, J.; Chabris, C. F.; Clark, J.; Steele, S.; et al. (2004). Activation of the fusiform gyrus when individuals with autism spectrum disorder view faces. Neuroimage, 22, 1141-1150.
24. Happé, F.; Booth, R.; Charlton, R.; & Hughes, C. (2006). Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Examining profiles across domains and ages. Brain and Cognition, 61, 25-39.
25. Hill, E. L. (2004). Evaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism. Developmental Review, 24, 189-233.
26. Hill, E. L.; & Bird, C. M. (2006). Executive processes in Asperger syndrome: Patterns of performance in a multiple case series. Neuropsychologia, 44, 2822-2835.
27. Joseph, R. M.; McGrath, L. M.; & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2005). Executive dysfunction and its relation to language ability in verbal school-age children with autism. Developmental Neuropsychology, 27, 361-378.
28. Joseph, R. M.; & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2004). The relationship of theory of mind and executive functions to symptom type and severity in children with autism. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 137-155.
29. Kaland, N.; Smith, L.; & Mortensen, E. L. (2008). Brief report: Cognitive flexibility and focused attention in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism as measured on the computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1161-1165.
30. Kalbfleisch, M.L.; & Loughan, A.R.; (2012). Impact of IQ discrepancy on executive function in high-functioning autism: Insight into Twice Exceptionality. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 390-400.
31. Kana, R. K.; Keller, T. A.; Minshew, N. J.; & Just, M. A. (2007). Inhibitory control in high-functioning autism: Decreased activation and underconnectivity in inhibition networks. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 198-206.
32. Keary, C. J.; Minshew, N. J.; Bansal, R.; Goradia, D.; Fedorov, S.; Keshavan, M. S.; et al. (2009). Corpus callosum volume and neurocognition in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 834-841.
33. Kenworthy, L.; Yerys, B. E.; Anthony, L. G.; & Wallace, G. L. (2008). Understanding executive control in autism spectrum disorders in the lab and in the real world. Neuropsychology Review, 18, 320-338.
34. Kleinhans, N.; Akshoomoff, N.; & Delis, D. C. (2005). Executive functions in autism and Asperger's disorder: Flexibility, fluency, and inhibition. Developmental Neuropsychology, 27, 379-401.
35. Landa, R. J.; & Goldberg, M. C. (2005). Language, social, and executive functions in high functioning autism: a continuum of performance. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 557-573.
36. Lee, P. S.; Yerys, B. E.; Della Rosa, A.; Foss-Feig, J.; Barnes, K. A.; James, J. D.; et al. (2009). Functional connectivity of the inferior frontal cortex changes with age in children with autism spectrum disorders: A fcMRI study of response inhibition. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 1787-1794.
37. Lopez, B. R.; Lincoln, A. J.; Ozonoff, S.; & Lai, Z. (2005). Examining the relationship between executive functions and restricted, repetitive symptoms of autistic disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 445-460.
38. Low, J.; Goddard, E.; & Melser, J. (2009). Generativity and imagination in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from individual differences in children's impossible entity drawings. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27, 425-444.
39. Luna, B.; Doll, S. K.; Hegedus, S. J.; Minshew, N. J.; & Sweeney, J. A. (2007). Maturation of executive function in autism. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 474-481.
40. Mackinlay, R.; Charman, T.; & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2006). High functioning children with autism spectrum disorder: A novel test of multitasking. Brain and Cognition, 61, 14-24.
41. Miyake, A.; Friedman, N. P.; Emerson, M. J.; Witzki, A. H.; Howerter, A.; & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100.
42. Morton, J.; & Frith, U. (1995). Causal modeling: a structural approach to developmental psychopathology. In D. Cichetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Manual of developmental psychopathology. New York: Wiley.
43. Mosconi, M. W.; Kay, M.; D'Cruz, A. M.; Seidenfeld, A.; Guter, S.; Stanford, L. D.; et al. (2009). Impaired inhibitory control is associated with higher-order repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders. Psychological Medicine, 39, 1559-1566.
44. Nakahachi, T.; Iwase, M.; Takahashi, H.; Honaga, E.; Sekiyama, R.; Ukai, S.; et al. (2006). Discrepancy of performance among working memory-related tasks in autism spectrum disorders was caused by task characteristics, apart from working memory, which could interfere with task execution. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 60, 312-318.
45. Ozonoff, S. (1995). Reliability and validity of the wisconsin card sorting test in studies of autism. Neuropsychology, 9, 491-500.
46. Ozonoff, S.; Cook, I.; Coon, H.; Dawson, G.; Joseph, R. M.; Klin, A.; et al. (2004). Performance on Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery subtests sensitive to frontal lobe function in people with autistic disorder: Evidence from the collaborative programs of excellence in autism network. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 139-150.
47. Ozonoff, S.; Pennington, B. F.; & Rogers, S. J. (1991). Executive function deficits in high- functioning autistic individuals: relationship to theory of mind. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 1081-1105.
48. Pellicano, E. (2007). Links between theory of mind and executive function in young children with autism: Clues to developmental primacy. Developmental Psychology, 43, 974-990.
49. Pellicano, E. (2010). The development of core cognitive skills in autism: A 3 year prospective study. Child Development, 81, 1400.
50. Pellicano, E.; Maybery, M.; Durkin, K.; & Maley, A. (2006). Multiple cognitive capabilities/deficits in children with an autism spectrum disorder: "Weak" central coherence and its relationship to theory of mind and executive control. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 77-98.
51. Perner, J.; & Lang, B. (1999). Development of theory of mind and executive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 337-344.
52. Phelan, H. L.; Filliter, J. H.; & Johnson, S. A. (2010). Brief report: memory performance on the California verbal learning test-children's version in Autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 518-523.
53. Pierce, K.; Müller, R. A.; Ambrose, J.; Allen, G.; & Courchesne, E. (2001). Face processing occurs outside the fusiform 'face area' in autism: Evidence from functional MRI. Brain, 124, 2059-2073.
54. Poljac, E.; Simon, S.; Ringlever, L.; Kalcik, D.; Groen, W. B.; Buitelaar, J. K.; et al. (2010). Impaired task switching performance in children with dyslexia but not in children with autism. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 401-416.
55. Robinson, S.; Goddard, L.; Dritschel, B.; Wisley, M.; & Howlin, P. (2009). Executive functions in children with autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Cognition, 71, 362-368.
56. Russell, J. (1997). How executive disorders can bring about an inadequate "theory of mind". In J. Russell (Ed.), Autism as an executive disorder. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
57. Russo, N.; Flanagan, T.; Iarocci, G.; Berringer, D.; Zelazo, P. D.; & Burack, J. A. (2007). Deconstructing executive deficits among persons with autism: Implications for cognitive neuroscience. Brain and Cognition, 65, 77-86.
58. Schmitz, N.; Rubia, K.; Daly, E.; Smith, A.; Williams, S.; & Murphy, D. G. (2006). Neural correlates of executive function in autistic spectrum disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 59, 7-16.
59. Semrud-Clikeman, M.; Walkowiak, J.; Wilkinson, A.; & Butcher, B. (2010). Executive functioning in children with Asperger syndrome, ADHD-combined type, ADHD-predominately inattentive type, and controls. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 1017-1027.
60. Senju, A.; Southgate, V.; White, S. J.; & Frith, U. (2009). Mindblind eyes: an absence of spontaneous theory of mind in Asperger syndrome. Science, 325, 883-885.
61. Sinzig, J.; Morsch, D.; Bruning, N.; Schmidt, M. H.; & Lehmkuhl, G. (2008). Inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning in autism spectrum disorders with and without comorbid ADHD-symptoms. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2, 4.
62. Towgood, K. J.; Meuwese, J. D.; Gilbert, S. J.; Turner, M. S.; & Burgess, P. W. (2009). Advantages of the multiple case series approach to the study of cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2981-2988.
63. Verte, S.; Geurts, H. M.; Roeyers, H.; Oosterlaan, J.; & Sergeant, J. A. (2005). Executive functioning in children with autism and Tourette syndrome. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 415-445.
64. Voelbel, G. T.; Bates, M. E.; Buckman, J. F.; Pandina, G.; & Hendren, R. L. (2006). Caudate nucleus volume and cognitive performance: are they related in childhood psychopathology? Biological Psychiatry, 60, 942-950.
65. White, S. J.; Burgess, P. W.; & Hill, E. L. (2009). Impairments on "open-ended" executive function tests in autism. Autism Research, 2, 138-147.
66. Wilson, B. A.; Alderman, N.; Burgess, P. W.; Emslie, H. C.; & Evans, J. J. (1996). The behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome. Flempton, Bury St. EdmundsThames: Valley Test Company.
67. Wimmer, H. (1989). Common-Sense Mentalismus und Emotion: entwicklungspsychologische Implikationen: I. In E. Roth (Ed.), Denken und Fühlen. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
68. Yerys, B. E.; Hepburn, S. L.; Pennington, B. F.; & Rogers, S. J. (2007). Executive function in preschoolers with autism: Evidence consistent with a secondary deficit. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1068-1079.
69. Yerys, B. E.; Wallace, G. L.; Harrison, B.; Celano, M. J.; Giedd, J. N.; & Kenworthy, L. E. (2009). Set-shifting in children with autism spectrum disorders: Reversal shifting deficits on the Intradimensional/Extradimensional Shift Test correlate with repetitive behaviors. Autism, 13, 523-538.
70. Zinke, K.; Fries, E.; Altgassen, M.; Kirschbaum, C.; Dettenborn, L.; & Kliegel, M. (2010). Visuospatial short-term memory explains deficits in tower task planning in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder. Child Neuropsychology, 16, 229-241.