메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 175-185

Ecology of culture: Do environmental factors influence foraging tool use in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus?

Author keywords

Ant dipping; Chimpanzee; Culture; Necessity hypothesis; Nut cracking; Opportunity hypothesis; Pan troglodytes verus; Termite fishing; Tool use

Indexed keywords

ANT; CULTURE; ENCOUNTER RATE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FOOD PREFERENCE; FRUIT; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; PRIMATE; TERMITE; TOOL USE; WILD POPULATION;

EID: 84872339229     PISSN: 00033472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.10.022     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (67)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 0000797742 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees of Sapo Forest, Liberia: density, nests, tools and meat-eating
    • Anderson J.R., Williamson E.A., Carter J. Chimpanzees of Sapo Forest, Liberia: density, nests, tools and meat-eating. Primates 1983, 24:594-601.
    • (1983) Primates , vol.24 , pp. 594-601
    • Anderson, J.R.1    Williamson, E.A.2    Carter, J.3
  • 2
    • 0001392554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of culture among wild chimpanzees
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, W.G. Runciman, J. Maynard Smith, R.I.M. Dunbar (Eds.)
    • Boesch C. The emergence of culture among wild chimpanzees. Evolution of Social Behaviour Patterns in Primates and Man 1996, 251-268. Oxford University Press, Oxford. W.G. Runciman, J. Maynard Smith, R.I.M. Dunbar (Eds.).
    • (1996) Evolution of Social Behaviour Patterns in Primates and Man , pp. 251-268
    • Boesch, C.1
  • 3
    • 0020898227 scopus 로고
    • Optimisation of nut-cracking with natural hammers by wild chimpanzees
    • Boesch C., Boesch H. Optimisation of nut-cracking with natural hammers by wild chimpanzees. Behaviour 1983, 83:265-286.
    • (1983) Behaviour , vol.83 , pp. 265-286
    • Boesch, C.1    Boesch, H.2
  • 4
    • 0021175315 scopus 로고
    • Possible causes of sex differences in the use of natural hammers by wild chimpanzees
    • Boesch C., Boesch H. Possible causes of sex differences in the use of natural hammers by wild chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution 1984, 13:415-440.
    • (1984) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.13 , pp. 415-440
    • Boesch, C.1    Boesch, H.2
  • 5
    • 0040027827 scopus 로고
    • Tool use and tool making in wild chimpanzees
    • Boesch C., Boesch H. Tool use and tool making in wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica 1990, 54:86-99.
    • (1990) Folia Primatologica , vol.54 , pp. 86-99
    • Boesch, C.1    Boesch, H.2
  • 8
    • 51649085115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological context of savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) termite fishing at Fongoli, Senegal
    • Bogart S.L., Pruetz J.D. Ecological context of savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) termite fishing at Fongoli, Senegal. American Journal of Primatology 2008, 70:605-612.
    • (2008) American Journal of Primatology , vol.70 , pp. 605-612
    • Bogart, S.L.1    Pruetz, J.D.2
  • 9
    • 79954554517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insectivory of savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal
    • Bogart S.L., Pruetz J.D. Insectivory of savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 2011, 145:11-20.
    • (2011) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.145 , pp. 11-20
    • Bogart, S.L.1    Pruetz, J.D.2
  • 10
    • 84872296858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diécké Forest, Guinea: delving into chimpanzee behavior using stone tool surveys
    • Springer, Tokyo, T. Matsuzawa, T. Humle, Y. Sugiyama (Eds.)
    • Carvalho S. Diécké Forest, Guinea: delving into chimpanzee behavior using stone tool surveys. The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba 2011, 301-312. Springer, Tokyo. T. Matsuzawa, T. Humle, Y. Sugiyama (Eds.).
    • (2011) The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba , pp. 301-312
    • Carvalho, S.1
  • 11
    • 0012091801 scopus 로고
    • Termite fauna related to differences in tool-use between groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Collins D.A., McGrew W.C. Termite fauna related to differences in tool-use between groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Primates 1987, 28:457-471.
    • (1987) Primates , vol.28 , pp. 457-471
    • Collins, D.A.1    McGrew, W.C.2
  • 12
    • 62549111292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variation in insect-eating by chimpanzees and gorillas in southeast Cameroon: extension of niche differentiation
    • Deblauwe I. Temporal variation in insect-eating by chimpanzees and gorillas in southeast Cameroon: extension of niche differentiation. International Journal of Primatology 2009, 30:229-252.
    • (2009) International Journal of Primatology , vol.30 , pp. 229-252
    • Deblauwe, I.1
  • 13
    • 37349044336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights in insect prey choice by chimpanzees and gorillas in Southeast Cameroon: the role of nutritional value
    • Deblauwe I., Janssens G.P.J. New insights in insect prey choice by chimpanzees and gorillas in Southeast Cameroon: the role of nutritional value. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 2008, 135:42-55.
    • (2008) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.135 , pp. 42-55
    • Deblauwe, I.1    Janssens, G.P.J.2
  • 16
    • 0003078947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligent tool use in Sumatran orangutans
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, S.T. Parker, R.W. Mitchell, H.L. Miles (Eds.)
    • Fox E.A., Sitompul A.F., van Schaik C.P. Intelligent tool use in Sumatran orangutans. The Mentalities of Gorillas and Orangutans 1999, 99-116. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. S.T. Parker, R.W. Mitchell, H.L. Miles (Eds.).
    • (1999) The Mentalities of Gorillas and Orangutans , pp. 99-116
    • Fox, E.A.1    Sitompul, A.F.2    van Schaik, C.P.3
  • 17
    • 4544358051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra- and interpopulational differences in orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) activity and diet: implications for the invention of tool use
    • Fox E.A., van Schaik C.P., Sitompul A.F., Wright D.N. Intra- and interpopulational differences in orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) activity and diet: implications for the invention of tool use. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 2004, 125:162-174.
    • (2004) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.125 , pp. 162-174
    • Fox, E.A.1    van Schaik, C.P.2    Sitompul, A.F.3    Wright, D.N.4
  • 18
    • 2142666377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a biology of traditions
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, D.M. Fragazy, S. Perry (Eds.)
    • Fragazy D.M., Perry S. Towards a biology of traditions. The Biology of Traditions: Models and Evidence 2003, 1-32. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. D.M. Fragazy, S. Perry (Eds.).
    • (2003) The Biology of Traditions: Models and Evidence , pp. 1-32
    • Fragazy, D.M.1    Perry, S.2
  • 19
    • 72149134243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture in animals?
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, K.N. Laland, B.G. Galef (Eds.)
    • Galef B.G. Culture in animals?. The Question of Animal Culture 2009, 222-246. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. K.N. Laland, B.G. Galef (Eds.).
    • (2009) The Question of Animal Culture , pp. 222-246
    • Galef, B.G.1
  • 20
    • 0000567914 scopus 로고
    • Cultural elements in a chimpanzee community
    • Karger, Basel, E.W. Menzel (Ed.)
    • Goodall J. Cultural elements in a chimpanzee community. Precultural Primate Behaviour 1973, 195-249. Karger, Basel. E.W. Menzel (Ed.).
    • (1973) Precultural Primate Behaviour , pp. 195-249
    • Goodall, J.1
  • 22
    • 67650786529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical characteristic and usage patterns of stone axe and pounding hammers used by long-tailed macaques in the Andaman Sea Region of Thailand
    • Gumert M.D., Kluck M., Malaivijitnond S. The physical characteristic and usage patterns of stone axe and pounding hammers used by long-tailed macaques in the Andaman Sea Region of Thailand. American Journal of Primatology 2009, 71:594-608.
    • (2009) American Journal of Primatology , vol.71 , pp. 594-608
    • Gumert, M.D.1    Kluck, M.2    Malaivijitnond, S.3
  • 23
    • 0034067671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ant dipping and meat eating by wild chimpanzees in the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda
    • Hashimoto C., Furuichi T., Tashiro Y. Ant dipping and meat eating by wild chimpanzees in the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda. Primates 2002, 41:103-108.
    • (2002) Primates , vol.41 , pp. 103-108
    • Hashimoto, C.1    Furuichi, T.2    Tashiro, Y.3
  • 24
    • 57649160078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human-chimpanzee coexistence at Bossou, Guinea: a chimpanzee perspective
    • Ph.D. thesis, University of Stirling.
    • Hockings, K. J. 2007. Human-chimpanzee coexistence at Bossou, Guinea: a chimpanzee perspective. Ph.D. thesis, University of Stirling.
    • (2007)
    • Hockings, K.J.1
  • 25
    • 76949102586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexible feeding on cultivated underground storage organs by rainforest-dwelling chimpanzees at Bossou, West Africa
    • Hockings K.J., Anderson J.R., Matsuzawa T. Flexible feeding on cultivated underground storage organs by rainforest-dwelling chimpanzees at Bossou, West Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 2010, 58:227-233.
    • (2010) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 227-233
    • Hockings, K.J.1    Anderson, J.R.2    Matsuzawa, T.3
  • 26
    • 0004409617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New record of fishing for termites (Macrotermes) by the chimpanzees of Bossou (Pan troglodytes verus), Guinea
    • Humle T. New record of fishing for termites (Macrotermes) by the chimpanzees of Bossou (Pan troglodytes verus), Guinea. Pan Africa News 1999, 6:3-4.
    • (1999) Pan Africa News , vol.6 , pp. 3-4
    • Humle, T.1
  • 27
    • 1442302454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture and variation in wild chimpanzee behaviour: a study of three communities in West Africa
    • Ph.D. thesis, University of Stirling.
    • Humle, T. 2003. Culture and variation in wild chimpanzee behaviour: a study of three communities in West Africa. Ph.D. thesis, University of Stirling.
    • (2003)
    • Humle, T.1
  • 28
    • 79952027284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How are army ants shedding new light on culture in chimpanzees
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago, E.V. Lonsdorf, S.R. Ross, T. Matsuzawa (Eds.)
    • Humle T. How are army ants shedding new light on culture in chimpanzees. The Mind of the Chimpanzee: Ecological and Experimental Perspectives 2010, 116-126. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. E.V. Lonsdorf, S.R. Ross, T. Matsuzawa (Eds.).
    • (2010) The Mind of the Chimpanzee: Ecological and Experimental Perspectives , pp. 116-126
    • Humle, T.1
  • 29
    • 84872348918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tool repertoire of Bossou chimpanzees
    • Springer, Tokyo, T. Matsuzawa, T. Humle, Y. Sugiyama (Eds.)
    • Humle T. Tool repertoire of Bossou chimpanzees. The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba 2011, 61-72. Springer, Tokyo. T. Matsuzawa, T. Humle, Y. Sugiyama (Eds.).
    • (2011) The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba , pp. 61-72
    • Humle, T.1
  • 30
    • 0034909858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa
    • Humle T., Matsuzawa T. Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. Folia Primatologica 2001, 72:57-68.
    • (2001) Folia Primatologica , vol.72 , pp. 57-68
    • Humle, T.1    Matsuzawa, T.2
  • 31
    • 0036863948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ant dipping among the chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea, and comparisons with other sites
    • Humle T., Matsuzawa T. Ant dipping among the chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea, and comparisons with other sites. American Journal of Primatology 2002, 58:133-148.
    • (2002) American Journal of Primatology , vol.58 , pp. 133-148
    • Humle, T.1    Matsuzawa, T.2
  • 32
    • 3442888062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oil palm use by adjacent communities of chimpanzees at Bossou and Nimba Mountains, West Africa
    • Humle T., Matsuzawa T. Oil palm use by adjacent communities of chimpanzees at Bossou and Nimba Mountains, West Africa. International Journal of Primatology 2004, 25:551-581.
    • (2004) International Journal of Primatology , vol.25 , pp. 551-581
    • Humle, T.1    Matsuzawa, T.2
  • 33
    • 0029669147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manufacture and use of hook-tools by New Caledonian crows
    • Hunt G.R. Manufacture and use of hook-tools by New Caledonian crows. Nature 1996, 379:249-251.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 249-251
    • Hunt, G.R.1
  • 34
    • 0001377290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing chimpanzees and early hominid techniques: some contributions to cultural and cognitive questions
    • McDonald Institute, Cambridge, P. Mellars, K. Gibson (Eds.)
    • Joulian F. Comparing chimpanzees and early hominid techniques: some contributions to cultural and cognitive questions. Modelling the Early Human Mind 1996, 173-189. McDonald Institute, Cambridge. P. Mellars, K. Gibson (Eds.).
    • (1996) Modelling the Early Human Mind , pp. 173-189
    • Joulian, F.1
  • 35
    • 84856534844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does geography or ecology best explain 'cultural' variation among chimpanzee communities?
    • Kamilar J.M., Marshack J.L. Does geography or ecology best explain 'cultural' variation among chimpanzee communities?. Journal of Human Evolution 2012, 62:256-260.
    • (2012) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 256-260
    • Kamilar, J.M.1    Marshack, J.L.2
  • 36
    • 84858798724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees in the Seringbara region of the Nimba Mountains
    • Springer, Tokyo, T. Matsuzawa, T. Humle, Y. Sugiyama (Eds.)
    • Koops K. Chimpanzees in the Seringbara region of the Nimba Mountains. The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba 2011, 277-287. Springer, Tokyo. T. Matsuzawa, T. Humle, Y. Sugiyama (Eds.).
    • (2011) The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba , pp. 277-287
    • Koops, K.1
  • 37
    • 84858799134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elementary technology of foraging and shelter in the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of the Nimba Mountains
    • Guinea. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.
    • Koops, K. 2011b. Elementary technology of foraging and shelter in the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.
    • (2011)
    • Koops, K.1
  • 38
    • 84858799697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest-building by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Seringbara, Nimba Mountains: anti-predation, thermoregulation and anti-vector hypotheses
    • Koops K., McGrew W.C., de Vries H., Matsuzawa T. Nest-building by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Seringbara, Nimba Mountains: anti-predation, thermoregulation and anti-vector hypotheses. International Journal of Primatology 2012, 33:356-380.
    • (2012) International Journal of Primatology , vol.33 , pp. 356-380
    • Koops, K.1    McGrew, W.C.2    de Vries, H.3    Matsuzawa, T.4
  • 39
    • 0000214873 scopus 로고
    • New data on the use of stone tools by chimpanzees in Guinea and Liberia
    • Kortlandt A., Holzhaus E. New data on the use of stone tools by chimpanzees in Guinea and Liberia. Primates 1987, 28:473-496.
    • (1987) Primates , vol.28 , pp. 473-496
    • Kortlandt, A.1    Holzhaus, E.2
  • 41
    • 80755163548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture and geographical variation in orangutan behavior
    • Krützen M., Willems E.P., van Schaik C.P. Culture and geographical variation in orangutan behavior. Current Biology 2011, 21:1808-1812.
    • (2011) Current Biology , vol.21 , pp. 1808-1812
    • Krützen, M.1    Willems, E.P.2    van Schaik, C.P.3
  • 44
    • 33845600319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to Krützen et al.: further problems with the 'method of exclusion'
    • Laland K.N., Janik V.M. Response to Krützen et al.: further problems with the 'method of exclusion'. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2007, 22:6.
    • (2007) Trends in Ecology & Evolution , vol.22 , pp. 6
    • Laland, K.N.1    Janik, V.M.2
  • 45
    • 77953484265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal culture: problems and solutions
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, K.N. Laland, B.G. Galef (Eds.)
    • Laland K.N., Kendal J.R., Kendal R.L. Animal culture: problems and solutions. The Question of Animal Culture 2009, 174-197. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. K.N. Laland, B.G. Galef (Eds.).
    • (2009) The Question of Animal Culture , pp. 174-197
    • Laland, K.N.1    Kendal, J.R.2    Kendal, R.L.3
  • 47
    • 84861532092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for cultural differences between neighboring chimpanzee communities
    • Luncz L.V., Mundry R., Boesch C. Evidence for cultural differences between neighboring chimpanzee communities. Current Biology 2012, 22:922-926.
    • (2012) Current Biology , vol.22 , pp. 922-926
    • Luncz, L.V.1    Mundry, R.2    Boesch, C.3
  • 48
    • 79959217013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between genetic and behavioural dissimilarities in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) do not undermine the case for culture
    • Lycett S.J., Collard M., McGrew W.C. Correlations between genetic and behavioural dissimilarities in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) do not undermine the case for culture. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 2011, 278:2091-2093.
    • (2011) Proceedings of the Royal Society B , vol.278 , pp. 2091-2093
    • Lycett, S.J.1    Collard, M.2    McGrew, W.C.3
  • 49
    • 0009180378 scopus 로고
    • Tools used by wild chimpanzees to obtain termites at Mt Assirik, Senegal: the influence of habitat
    • McBeath N.M., McGrew W.C. Tools used by wild chimpanzees to obtain termites at Mt Assirik, Senegal: the influence of habitat. Journal of Human Evolution 1982, 11:65-72.
    • (1982) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 65-72
    • McBeath, N.M.1    McGrew, W.C.2
  • 50
    • 0016342707 scopus 로고
    • Tool use by wild chimpanzees in feeding upon driver ants
    • McGrew W.C. Tool use by wild chimpanzees in feeding upon driver ants. Journal of Human Evolution 1974, 3:501-508.
    • (1974) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.3 , pp. 501-508
    • McGrew, W.C.1
  • 53
    • 84990166760 scopus 로고
    • Tool-use by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to obtain termites (Macrotermes herus) in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania
    • McGrew W.C., Collins D.A. Tool-use by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to obtain termites (Macrotermes herus) in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. American Journal of Primatology 1985, 9:47-62.
    • (1985) American Journal of Primatology , vol.9 , pp. 47-62
    • McGrew, W.C.1    Collins, D.A.2
  • 54
    • 84925920050 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees, tools, and termites: cross-cultural comparisons of Senegal, Tanzania, and Rio Muni
    • McGrew W.C., Tutin C.E.G., Baldwin P.J. Chimpanzees, tools, and termites: cross-cultural comparisons of Senegal, Tanzania, and Rio Muni. Man 1979, 14:185-214.
    • (1979) Man , vol.14 , pp. 185-214
    • McGrew, W.C.1    Tutin, C.E.G.2    Baldwin, P.J.3
  • 57
    • 70349413032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardised protocol for primate faecal analysis
    • McGrew W., Marchant L., Phillips C. Standardised protocol for primate faecal analysis. Primates 2009, 50:363-366.
    • (2009) Primates , vol.50 , pp. 363-366
    • McGrew, W.1    Marchant, L.2    Phillips, C.3
  • 60
    • 80054954301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Springer, Tokyo, M. Matsuzawa, T. Humle, Y. Sugiyama (Eds.)
    • The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba 2011, Springer, Tokyo. M. Matsuzawa, T. Humle, Y. Sugiyama (Eds.).
    • (2011) The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba
  • 61
    • 0030456597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of chimpanzee material culture between Bossou and Nimba, West Africa
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, A.E. Russon, K.A. Bard, S.T. Parker (Eds.)
    • Matsuzawa T., Yamakoshi G. Comparison of chimpanzee material culture between Bossou and Nimba, West Africa. Reaching into Thought: the Minds of the Great Apes 1996, 211-232. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. A.E. Russon, K.A. Bard, S.T. Parker (Eds.).
    • (1996) Reaching into Thought: the Minds of the Great Apes , pp. 211-232
    • Matsuzawa, T.1    Yamakoshi, G.2
  • 63
    • 33747192374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees use stone hammers in Cameroon
    • Morgan B., Abwe E. Chimpanzees use stone hammers in Cameroon. Current Biology 2006, 16:632-633.
    • (2006) Current Biology , vol.16 , pp. 632-633
    • Morgan, B.1    Abwe, E.2
  • 64
    • 51249173306 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees' choices of prey between two sympatric species of Macrotermes in the Campo Animal Reserve, Cameroon
    • Muroyama Y. Chimpanzees' choices of prey between two sympatric species of Macrotermes in the Campo Animal Reserve, Cameroon. Human Evolution 1991, 6:143-151.
    • (1991) Human Evolution , vol.6 , pp. 143-151
    • Muroyama, Y.1
  • 65
    • 53349156575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capuchin monkey tool use: overview and implication
    • Ottoni E.B., Izar P. Capuchin monkey tool use: overview and implication. Evolutionary Anthropology 2008, 17:171-178.
    • (2008) Evolutionary Anthropology , vol.17 , pp. 171-178
    • Ottoni, E.B.1    Izar, P.2
  • 67
    • 8744274332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into chimpanzees, tools, and termites from the Congo basin
    • Sanz C., Morgan D., Gulick S. New insights into chimpanzees, tools, and termites from the Congo basin. American Naturalist 2004, 164:567-581.
    • (2004) American Naturalist , vol.164 , pp. 567-581
    • Sanz, C.1    Morgan, D.2    Gulick, S.3
  • 68
    • 0009179006 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the external characters and habits of Troglodytes niger Geoff. and on its organization
    • Savage T.S., Wyman J. Observations on the external characters and habits of Troglodytes niger Geoff. and on its organization. Boston Journal of Natural History 1844, 4:362-386.
    • (1844) Boston Journal of Natural History , vol.4 , pp. 362-386
    • Savage, T.S.1    Wyman, J.2
  • 69
    • 2142726653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local traditions in orangutans and chimpanzees: social learning and social tolerance
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, D.M. Fragazy, S. Perry (Eds.)
    • van Schaik C.P. Local traditions in orangutans and chimpanzees: social learning and social tolerance. The Biology of Traditions: Models and Evidence 2003, 297-328. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. D.M. Fragazy, S. Perry (Eds.).
    • (2003) The Biology of Traditions: Models and Evidence , pp. 297-328
    • van Schaik, C.P.1
  • 70
    • 70450125480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical variation in the behavior of wild great apes: is it really cultural?
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, K.N. Laland, B.G. Galef (Eds.)
    • van Schaik C.P. Geographical variation in the behavior of wild great apes: is it really cultural?. The Question of Animal Culture 2009, 70-98. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. K.N. Laland, B.G. Galef (Eds.).
    • (2009) The Question of Animal Culture , pp. 70-98
    • van Schaik, C.P.1
  • 72
    • 33846471589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Army ant prey availability and consumption by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes vellerosus) at Gashaka (Nigeria)
    • Schöning C., Ellis D., Fowler A., Sommer V. Army ant prey availability and consumption by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes vellerosus) at Gashaka (Nigeria). Journal of Zoology 2007, 271:125-133.
    • (2007) Journal of Zoology , vol.271 , pp. 125-133
    • Schöning, C.1    Ellis, D.2    Fowler, A.3    Sommer, V.4
  • 73
    • 44649159656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of culture: technological variation in chimpanzee predation on army ants revisited
    • Schöning C., Humle T., Möbius Y., McGrew W.C. The nature of culture: technological variation in chimpanzee predation on army ants revisited. Journal of Human Evolution 2008, 55:48-59.
    • (2008) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 48-59
    • Schöning, C.1    Humle, T.2    Möbius, Y.3    McGrew, W.C.4
  • 75
    • 0004434382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of the Nimba Mountains, West Africa, from three routes: confirmed new habitat and ant catching wand use of chimpanzees
    • Shimada M.K. A survey of the Nimba Mountains, West Africa, from three routes: confirmed new habitat and ant catching wand use of chimpanzees. Pan Africa News 2000, 7:7-10.
    • (2000) Pan Africa News , vol.7 , pp. 7-10
    • Shimada, M.K.1
  • 76
    • 84859717050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stone tool use in wild bearded capuchin monkeys, Cebus libidinosus. Is it a strategy to overcome food scarcity?
    • Spagnoletti N., Visalberghi E., Verderane M.P., Ottoni E., Izar P., Fragaszy D. Stone tool use in wild bearded capuchin monkeys, Cebus libidinosus. Is it a strategy to overcome food scarcity?. Animal Behaviour 2012, 83:1285-1294.
    • (2012) Animal Behaviour , vol.83 , pp. 1285-1294
    • Spagnoletti, N.1    Visalberghi, E.2    Verderane, M.P.3    Ottoni, E.4    Izar, P.5    Fragaszy, D.6
  • 77
    • 0043201352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral ecology of sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: diet
    • Stanford C.B., Nkurunungi J.B. Behavioral ecology of sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: diet. International Journal of Primatology 2003, 24:901-918.
    • (2003) International Journal of Primatology , vol.24 , pp. 901-918
    • Stanford, C.B.1    Nkurunungi, J.B.2
  • 78
    • 0000032865 scopus 로고
    • Tool-use for catching ants by chimpanzees at Bossou and Monts Nimba, West Africa
    • Sugiyama Y. Tool-use for catching ants by chimpanzees at Bossou and Monts Nimba, West Africa. Primates 1995, 36:193-205.
    • (1995) Primates , vol.36 , pp. 193-205
    • Sugiyama, Y.1
  • 79
    • 0001411314 scopus 로고
    • Tool-using and making behavior in wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea
    • Sugiyama Y., Koman J. Tool-using and making behavior in wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea. Primates 1979, 20:513-524.
    • (1979) Primates , vol.20 , pp. 513-524
    • Sugiyama, Y.1    Koman, J.2
  • 80
    • 0000246596 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary list of chimpanzees' alimentation at Bossou, Guinea
    • Sugiyama Y., Koman J. A preliminary list of chimpanzees' alimentation at Bossou, Guinea. Primates 1987, 28:133-147.
    • (1987) Primates , vol.28 , pp. 133-147
    • Sugiyama, Y.1    Koman, J.2
  • 81
    • 0028895340 scopus 로고
    • Tool-set for termite fishing by chimpanzees in the Ndoki Forest, Congo
    • Suzuki S., Kuroda S., Nishihara T. Tool-set for termite fishing by chimpanzees in the Ndoki Forest, Congo. Behaviour 1995, 132:219-235.
    • (1995) Behaviour , vol.132 , pp. 219-235
    • Suzuki, S.1    Kuroda, S.2    Nishihara, T.3
  • 82
    • 44649113734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seasonal change in feeding behavior of chimpanzees caused by the seasonal change of food availability
    • (In Japanese)
    • Takemoto H. The seasonal change in feeding behavior of chimpanzees caused by the seasonal change of food availability. Reichorui Kenkyu [Primate Research] 2000, 16:280. (In Japanese).
    • (2000) Reichorui Kenkyu [Primate Research] , vol.16 , pp. 280
    • Takemoto, H.1
  • 83
    • 3543088737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal change in terrestriality of chimpanzees in relation to microclimate in the tropical forest
    • Takemoto H. Seasonal change in terrestriality of chimpanzees in relation to microclimate in the tropical forest. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 2004, 124:81-92.
    • (2004) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.124 , pp. 81-92
    • Takemoto, H.1
  • 84
    • 84990134372 scopus 로고
    • Nationwide census of gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzee (Pan t. troglodytes) populations in Gabon
    • Tutin C.E.G., Fernandez M. Nationwide census of gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzee (Pan t. troglodytes) populations in Gabon. American Journal of Primatology 1984, 6:313-336.
    • (1984) American Journal of Primatology , vol.6 , pp. 313-336
    • Tutin, C.E.G.1    Fernandez, M.2
  • 87
    • 0010681421 scopus 로고
    • Nut cracking by wild chimpanzees in Sierra Leone, West Africa
    • Whitesides G.H. Nut cracking by wild chimpanzees in Sierra Leone, West Africa. Primates 1985, 26:91-94.
    • (1985) Primates , vol.26 , pp. 91-94
    • Whitesides, G.H.1
  • 90
    • 0031844001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary responses to fruit scarcity of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea: possible implications for ecological importance of tool-use
    • Yamakoshi G. Dietary responses to fruit scarcity of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea: possible implications for ecological importance of tool-use. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 1998, 106:283-295.
    • (1998) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.106 , pp. 283-295
    • Yamakoshi, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.