Seasonal change in terrestriality of chimpanzees in relation to microclimate in the tropical forest

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

Volumn 124, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 81-92

  Takemoto, Hiroyuki ^a  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Chimpanzee; Food distribution; Microclimate; Terrestrial behavior; Thermoregulation

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; CHIMPANZEE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; FOOD; FOOD AVAILABILITY; FOREST; FRUIT; GUINEA; HUMIDITY; MICROCLIMATE; NONHUMAN; SEASONAL VARIATION; THERMOREGULATION; TREE; TROPICAL RAIN FOREST;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; CLIMATE; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; MALE; PAN TROGLODYTES; SEASONS; TEMPERATURE; TREES; TROPICAL CLIMATE;

EID: 3543088737     PISSN: 00029483     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10342     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Altman J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behavior 49:227-267.
2. Aoki M, Yabuki K, Koyama H. 1975. Micrometeorology and assessment of primary production of a tropical rain forest in West Malaya. J Agr Met 31:115-124.
3. Aujard F, Perret M, Vannier G. 1998. Thermoregulatory responses to variations of photoperiod and ambient temperature in the male lesser mouse lemur: a primitive or an advanced adaptive character? J Comp Physiol [B] 168:540-548.
4. Baldwin PJ, Sabater-Pi J, McGrew WC, Tutin CE. 1981. Comparisons of nests made by different populations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Primates 22:474-486.
5. Bicca-Marques JC, Calegaro-Marques CC. 1998. Behavioral thermoregulation in a sexually and developmentally dichromatic neotropical primate, the black-and-gold howling monkey (Alouatta caraya). Am J Phys Anthropol 106:533-546.
6. Bligh J. 1973. Temperature regulation in mammals and other vertebrates. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.
7. Brownlow AR, Plumptre AJ, Reynolds V, Ward R. 2001. Sources of variation in the nesting behavior of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfruthii) in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. Am J Primatol 55:49-55.
8. Budnitz N, Dainis K. 1975. Lemur catta: ecology and behavior. In: Tattersall I, Sussman RW, editors. Lemur biology. New York: Plenum Press. p 219-235.
9. Cachan P, Duval J. 1963. Variations microclimatiques verticals et saisonières dans la forêt sempervirente de Basse Côte d'Ivoire. Ann Fac Sci Univ Dakar 8:89-155.
10. Chapman CA, Wrangham RW. 1994. Indices of habitat-wide fruit abundance in tropical forests. Biotropica 26:160-171.
11. Dasilva GL. 1993. Postural changes and behavioral thermoregulation in Colobus polykomos: the effect of climate and diet. Afr J Ecol 31:226-241.
12. Davson H. 1970. Heat production and heat loss of animals. In: Davson H, editor. A text-book of general physiology. Volume 1, 4th ed. London: J.A. Churchill. p 298-367.
13. Doran D. 1993. Sex differences in adult chimpanzee positional behavior: the influence of body size on locomotion and posture. Am J Phys Anthropol 91:99-115.
14. Doran D. 1996. Comparative positional behavior of the African apes. In: McGrew WC, Marchant LF, Nishida T, editors. Great ape societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 213-224.
15. Erikson H, Krog J, Anderson KL, Scholander PF. 1956. The critical temperature in naked man. Acta Physiol Scand 37:35-39.
16. Evans GC. 1939. Ecological studies on the rain forest of southern Nigeria. II. The atmospheric environmental condition. J Ecol 27:436-482.
17. Fleagle JG. 1999. Primate adaptation and evolution, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press.
18. Fowler LA, Hopkins WD, Albers HE, Morris RD, Hyatt CW. 1999. Establishing the presence of a body temperature rhythm in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using a tympanic membrane thermometer. Primates 40:499-508.
19. Fruth B, Hohmann G. 1994. Comparative analyses of nest building behavior in bonobos and chimpanzees. In: Wrangham RW, McGrew WC, de Waal FBM, Heltne PG, editors. Chimpanzee cultures. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p 109-128.
20. Genoud M, Martin RD, Glaser D. 1997. Rate of metabolism in the smallest simian primate, the pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea). Am J Primatol 41:229-245.
21. Harrison MJS. 1985. Time budget of the green monkey, Cecropithecus sabaeus: some optimal strategies. Int J Primatol 6:351-376.
22. Huffman MA, Gotoh S, Turner LA, Hamai M, Yoshida K. 1997. Seasonal trends in intestinal nematode infection and medical plant use among chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Primates 38:111-125.
23. Hunt KD. 1992. Positional behavior of Pan troglodytes in the Mahale Mountains and Gombe Streem National Parks, Tanzania. Am J Phys Anthropol 87:83-105.
24. Isbell LA, Young TP. 1996. The evolution of bipedalism in hominids and reduced group size in chimpanzees: alternative responses to decreasing resource availability. J Hum Evol 30: 389-397.
25. Kay C, Ross C. 1999. Sex differences in energy expenditure in non-human primates. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 266:2479-2485.
26. Krebs CJ. 1999. Ecological methodology, 2nd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings.
27. Marquardt WC, Demaree RS, Grieve RB. 2000. Parasitology and vector biology, 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press.
28. McNab BK. 1974. The energetics of endotherms. Ohio J Sci 74: 370-380.
29. McNab BK, Wright PC. 1987. Temperature regulation and oxygen consumption in the Philippine tarsier Tarsius syrichta. Physiol Zool 60:596-600.
30. Müller EF. 1986. Influence of temperature and humidity on energy expenditure. Abstracts, XIth Congress of the International Primatological Society, Göttingen. Primate Rep 14:151-152.
31. Müller EF. 1995. Rule of energetics and thermoregulation in captive breeding of mammals and birds. In: Ganslober U, Hodges JH, Kaumanns W, editors. Research and captive propagation. Fürth: Filander Verlag. p 115-129.
32. Müller EF, Kamau JMZ, Moloiy GMO. 1983. A comparative study of basal metabolism and thermoregulation in a folivorous (Colobus guereza) and an omnivorous (Cercopithecus mitis) primate species. Comp Biochem Physiol [A] 74:319-322.
33. Nash LT. 1998. Vertical clingers and sleepers: seasonal influences on the activities and substrate use of Lepilemur leucopus at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. Folia Primatol (Basel) 69:204-217.
34. Pianka ER. 1978. Evolutionary ecology, 2nd ed. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
35. Remis MJ. 1993. Nesting behavior of lowland gorillas in the Dzanga-Sangha Reserve, Central African Republic: implications for population estimates and understandings group dynamics. Tropics 2:245-255.
36. Richards PW. 1996. The tropical rain forest, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. Richmond BG, Begun DR, Strait DS. 2001. Origin of human bipedalism: the knuckle-waking hypothesis revisited. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 44:70-105.
38. Robbins CT. 1993. Wildlife feeding and nutrition, 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press.
39. Ross R. 1954. Ecological studies on the rain forest of southern Nigeria. J Ecol 42:259-282.
40. Sakura O. 1994. Factors affecting party size and composition of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea. Int J Primatol 15:167-183.
41. Schaller GB. 1976. The mountain gorilla: ecology and behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
42. Schino G, Troisi A. 1998. Mother-infant conflict over behavioral thermoregulation in japanese macaques. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 43:81-86.
43. Schmidt-Nielsen K. 1997. Animal physiology: adaptation and environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
44. Scholander PE, Hock R, Walters V, Johnson F, Irving L. 1950. Heat regulation in arctic and tropical mammals and birds. Biol Bull 99:237-258.
45. Shuttleworth WJ, et al. 1985. Daily variations of temperature and humidity within and above Amazonian forest. Weather 40:102-108.
46. Smith-Gill SJ. 1975. Cytophysiological basis of disruptive pigmentary patterns in the leopard frog Rana pipiens. II. Wild type and mutant cell specific patterns. J Morphol 146:35-54.
47. Sugiyama Y, Koman J. 1992. The flora of Bossou: its utilization by chimpanzees and humans. Afr Stud Monog 13:127-169.
48. Takehara A. 2001. Temperature variation in Macarrena Forest, Colombia. In: Izawa K, editor. Adaptive significance of fission-fusion society in Ateles. Tokyo: Monbusho Reports. p 223-234 [in Japanese].
49. Takemoto H. 2002. Feeding ecology of chimpanzees in Bossou, Guinea: coping with the seasonal fluctuation of food supply and micrometeorology in the tropical forest. Ph.D. thesis. Kyoto: Kyoto University.
50. Thompson SD, Power ML, Rutledge CE, Kleiman DG. 1994. Energy metabolism and thermoregulation in the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia). Folia Primatol (Basel) 63:131-143.
51. Tutin CEG, Parnell RJ, White LJT, Fernandez M. 1995. Nest building by lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon: environmental influences and implications for censusing. Int J Primatol 16:53-76.
52. Ward WE, Archibald ER. 1970. Temperature studies on the chimpanzee. In: Bourne GH, Atlanta GA, editors. Physiology, behavior, serology, and diseases of chimpanzees. The chimpanzee: a series of volumes on the chimpanzees, volume 2. Basel: S. Karger. p 123-129.
53. Watanuki Y, Nakayama Y. 1993. Age difference in activity pattern of Japanese monkey: effects of temperature, snow, and diet. Primates 34:419-430.
54. White LJT, Rogers ME, Tutin CEG, Williamson EA, Fernandez M. 1995. Herbaceous vegetation in different forest types in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon: implications for keystone food availability. Afr J Ecol 33:124-141.
55. Whittow GC, Scammell CA, Manuel JK, Rand D, Leong M. 1977. Temperature regulation in a hypometabolic primate, the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang). Arch Int Physiol Biochim 85:139-151.
56. Wrangham RW. 1977. Feeding behavior of chimpanzees in Gombé National Park, Tanzania. In: Clutton-Brock TH, editor. Primate ecology. London: Academic Press. p 503-538.
57. Yamakoshi G. 1998. Dietary responses to fruit scarcity of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea: possible implications for ecological importance of tool use. Am J Phys Anthropol 106:283-295.
58. Yamakoshi G, Takemoto H, Matsuzawa T, Sugiyama Y. 1999. Research history and conservation status of chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea. Primate Res 15:101-104 [in Japanese with English abstract].