Why don't chimpanzees in Gabon crack nuts?

International Journal of Primatology

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 353-374

  McGrew, W C ^a   Ham, R M ^b,c   White, L J T ^d,e   Tutin, C E G ^b,f   Fernandez, M ^b,f  

^a MIAMI UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^e WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY   (United States)

^f Centre Internationale de Recherches Medicales de Franceville   (Gabon)

Author keywords

Chimpanzee; Culture; Ecology; Pan troglodytes; Tool use

Indexed keywords

ALOCASIA MACRORRHIZOS; PAN (APE); PAN TROGLODYTES; TROGLODYTES;

EID: 0030971638     PISSN: 01640291     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1026382316131     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Anderson, J. R., Williamson, E. A., and Carter, J. (1983). Chimpanzees of Sapo Forest, Liberia: Density, nests, tools and meat-eating. Primates 24: 594-601.
2. Beatty, H. (1951). A note on the behavior of the chimpanzee. J. Mammal. 32: 118.
3. Bermejo, M., Illera, G., and Sabater Pi, J. (1989). New observations on the tool-behavior of the chimpanzees from Mt. Assirik (Senegal, West Africa). Primates 30: 65-73.
4. Boesch, C. (1978). New observations on chimpanzees of Taï Forest, Ivory Coast. Terre Vie 32: 195-201.
5. Boesch, C., and Boesch, H. (1981). Sex differences in the use of natural hammers by wild chimpanzees: A preliminary report. J. Hum. Evol. 10: 585-593.
6. Boesch, C., and Boesch, H. (1983). Optimization of nut-cracking with natural hammers by wild chimpanzees. Behaviour 83: 265-286.
7. Boesch, C., and Boesch, H. (1984a). Mental map in wild chimpanzees: An analysis of hammer transports for nut-cracking. Primates 25: 160-170.
8. Boesch, C., and Boesch, H. (1984b). Possible causes of sex differences in the use of natural hammers by wild chimpanzees. J. Hum. Evol. 13: 415-440.
9. Boesch, C., and Boesch, H. (1990). Tool use and tool making in wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatol. 54: 86-99.
10. Boesch, C., Marchesi, P., Marchesi, N., Fruth, B., and Joulian, F. (1994). Is nut cracking in wild chimpanzees a cultural behaviour? J. Hum, Evol. 26: 325-338.
11. Booth, A. H. (1958). The Niger, the Volta and the Dahomey Gap as geographic barriers. Evolution 12: 48-62.
12. Fruth, B., and Hohmann, G. (1996). Nest building behavior in the great apes: The great leap forward? In McGrew, W. C., Marchant, L. F., and Nishida, T. (eds.), Great Ape Societies, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 225-240.
13. Galef, B. G. (1992). The question of animal culture. Hum. Nat. 3: 157-178.
14. Günther, M. M., and Boesch, C. (1993). Energetic cost of nut-cracking behaviour in wild chimpanzees. In Preuschoft, H., and Chivers, D. J. (eds.), Hands of Primates, Springer-Verlag, Wien, pp. 109-129.
15. Hannah, A. C., and McGrew, W. C. (1987). Chimpanzees using stones to crack open oil palm nuts in Liberia. Primates 28: 31-46.
16. Hutchinson, J., and Dalziel, J. M. (1928). Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 1, Part 2, Crown Agent for the Colonies, London.
17. Ingold, T. (1986). Evolution and Social Life, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
18. Kortlandt, A. (1986). The use of stone tools by wild-living chimpanzees and earliest hominids. J. Hum. Evol. 15: 77-132.
19. Kortlandt, A., and Holzhaus, E. (1987). New data on the use of stone tools by chimpanzees in Guinea and Liberia. Primates 28: 473-496.