Magnesium and the obstetric anaesthetist

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 52-63

  Dean, C ^a   Douglas, J ^a  

^a CHILDREN S AND WOMEN S HEALTH CENTRE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Anaesthesia; Analgesia; Cerebral palsy; Magnesium; Muscle relaxants; Neuroprotection; Preeclampsia; Pregnancy; Tocolysis; Tracheal intubation

Indexed keywords

ALFENTANIL; BUPIVACAINE; CLONIDINE; DIAZEPAM; DICLOFENAC; FENTANYL; HYDRALAZINE; LIDOCAINE; MAGNESIUM; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; MORPHINE; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; NIMODIPINE; PHENYTOIN; PLACEBO; PROPOFOL; REMIFENTANIL; SEVOFLURANE; SUXAMETHONIUM;

ANALGESIA; ANESTHESIST; ASTHMA; CEREBRAL PALSY; CESAREAN SECTION; CONVULSION; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DIZZINESS; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG OVERDOSE; ECLAMPSIA; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; FEMALE; FLUSHING; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HEART VENTRICLE FIBRILLATION; HEART VENTRICLE TACHYCARDIA; HUMAN; HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS; HYPOTENSION; MATERNAL HYPERTENSION; MULTICENTER STUDY (TOPIC); MUSCLE WEAKNESS; NAUSEA; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING; NEUROPROTECTION; NEWBORN MORTALITY; NOISE INJURY; OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA; OSTEOPOROSIS; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; PREECLAMPSIA; PREECLAMPSIA; SULFATE; PREMATURE LABOR; PREMATURITY; PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME; PRURITUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SEIZURE; SHIVERING; SIDE EFFECT; SPINAL ANESTHESIA; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TETANUS; TOCOLYSIS; TORSADE DES POINTES; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; VOMITING;

ADJUVANTS, ANESTHESIA; ANALGESICS; ANESTHESIA, OBSTETRICAL; ANESTHESIOLOGY; CEREBRAL PALSY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; INFANT, PREMATURE, DISEASES; MAGNESIUM; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; OBSTETRIC LABOR, PREMATURE; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; PREMATURE BIRTH;

EID: 84872302351     PISSN: 0959289X     EISSN: 15323374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2012.10.003     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. R.A. Silverman, H. Osborn, and J. Runge IV magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute severe asthma: a multicenter randomized controlled trial Chest 122 2002 489 497
2. R.H. Seller, J. Cangiano, and K.E. Kim Digitalis toxicity and hypomagnesemia Am Heart J 79 1970 57 68
3. M.C. Thel, A.L. Armstrong, S.E. McNulty, R.M. Califf, and C.M. O'Connor Randomised trial of magnesium in in-hospital cardiac arrest Lancet 350 1997 1272 1276
4. M.F. James, and L. Cronje Pheochromocytoma crisis: the use of magnesium sulfate Anesth Analg 99 2004 680 686
5. K.L. Tucker, M.T. Hannan, H. Chen, L.A. Cupples, P.W. Wilson, and D.P. Kiel Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women Am J Clin Nutr 69 1999 727 736
6. C.L. Thwaites, L.M. Yen, and H.T. Loan Magnesium sulphate for treatment of severe tetanus: a randomised controlled trial Lancet 368 2006 1436 1443
7. F. Scheibe, H. Haupt, B. Mazurek, and O. Konig Therapeutic effect of magnesium on noise-induced hearing loss Noise Health 3 2001 79 84
8. F. Facchinetti, P. Borella, G. Sances, L. Fioroni, R.E. Nappi, and A.R. Genazzani Oral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes Obstet Gynecol 78 1991 177 181
9. U.S. Preventive Services Task Froce. Grade Definitions. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/grades.htm [website accessed June 2012].
10. W.J. Fawcett, E.J. Haxby, and D.A. Male Magnesium: physiology and pharmacology Br J Anaesth 83 1999 302 320
11. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary reference intakes: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1999.
12. E.S. Ford, and A.H. Mokdad Dietary magnesium intake in a national sample of U.S. adults J Nutr 133 2003 2879 2882
13. L.H. Kayne, and D.B. Lee Intestinal magnesium absorption Miner Electrolyte Metab 19 1993 210 221
14. J. Allgrove, S. Adami, L. Fraher, A. Reuben, and J.L.H. O'Riordan Hypomagnesaemia: studies of parathyroid hormone secretion and function Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 21 1984 435 449
15. R.K. Rude, and E. Ryzen TmMg and renal Mg threshold in normal man in certain pathophysiologic conditions Magnesium 5 1986 273 281
16. W.E.C. Wacker, and A.F. Parisi Magnesium metabolism N Engl J Med 278 1968 658 663
17. R. Swaminathan Magnesium metabolism and its disorders Clin Biochem Rev 24 2 2003 47 66
18. S. Onishi, and S. Yoshino Cathartic-induced fatal hypermagnesemia in the elderly Int Med 45 2006 207 210
19. A.H. Nassar, K. Sakhel, H. Maarouf, G.R. Naassan, and I.M. Usta Adverse maternal and neonatal outcome of prolonged magnesium sulfate tocolysis Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85 2006 1099 1103
20. J.F. Lu, and C.H. Nightingale Magnesium sulphate regimens in eclampsia and preeclampsia: pharmacokinetic properties Clin Pharmacokinet 38 2000 305 314
21. H. Morisaki, S. Yamamoto, Y. Morita, Y. Kotake, R. Ochiai, and J. Takeda Hypermagnesemia-induced cardiopulmonary arrest before induction of anesthesia for emergency cesarean section J Clin Anesth 12 2000 224 226
22. J.A. Blake The treatment of tetanus by magnesium sulphate Ann Surg 44 1906 367 373
23. E.M. Lazard A preliminary report on the intravenous use of magnesium sulphate in puerperal eclampsia Am J Obstet Gynecol 9 1925 178 188
24. B.M. Sibai Hypertension in pregnancy S.G. Gabbe, J.R. Niebyl, J.L. Simpson, Obstetrics: normal and problem pregnancies 3rd ed. 1996 Churchill Livingstone New York 935 996
25. Xu JQ, Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: final data for 2007. National center for health statistics. Natl Vital Stat Rep, 2010;58(19).
26. Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries (CMACE). Saving Mothers' Lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006-08. The Eighth Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. BJOG, 2011;118(Suppl 1):1-203.
27. M.F.M. James The use of magnesium sulfate in the anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma Anesthesiology 62 1985 188 189
28. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG). The management of severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. RCOG Guideline No. 10(A). March 2006. Reviewed 2010.
29. J.A. Turner Diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia: an update Int J Women's Health 2 2010 327 337
30. B.M. Altura, B.T. Altura, A. Carella, A. Gebrewold, T. Murakawa, and A. Nishio Mg2+-Ca2+ interaction in contractility of vascular smooth muscle: Mg2+ versus organic calcium channel blockers on myogenic tone and agonist-induced responsiveness of blood vessels Can J Physiol Pharmacol 65 1987 729 745
31. J.W. Goldkrand, and A.M. Fuentes The relation of angiotensin-converting enzyme to the pregnancy-induced hypertension-pre-eclampsia syndrome Am J Obstet Gynecol 154 1986 792 800
32. M.F. James Magnesium in obstetrics Best Pract Res Clin Obstet 23 2010 327 337
33. A.G. Euser, and M.J. Cipolla Magnesium sulfate for the treatment of eclampsia: a brief review Stroke 40 2009 1169 1175
34. J.C. Livingstone, L.W. Livingstone, R. Ramsey, B.C. Mabie, and B.M. Sibai Magnesium sulfate in women with mild pre-eclampsia: a randomised controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 101 2003 217 220
35. A.G. Witlin, S.A. Friedman, and B.M. Sibai The effect of magnesium sulfate therapy on the duration of labor in women with mild pre-eclampsia at term: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial Am J Obstet Gynecol 176 1997 623 627
36. J.R. Scott Magnesium sulfate for mild pre-eclampsia Obstet Gynecol 101 2003 213
37. J.M. Alexander, D.D. McIntire, K.J. Leveno, and F.G. Cunningham Selective magnesium sulfate prophylaxis for the prevention of eclampsia in women with gestational hypertension Obstet Gynecol 108 2006 826 832
38. A.G. Cahill, G.A. Macones, A.O. Odibo, and D.M. Stamilio Magnesium for seizure prophylaxis in patients with mild pre-eclampsia Obstet Gynecol 110 2007 601 607
39. J. Moodley, and V.V. Moodley Prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy in hypertensive crises of pregnancy-the need for a large randomized trial Hypertens Pregnancy 13 1994 245 252
40. Magpie Trial Collaborative Group Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet 359 2002 1877 1890
41. B.M. Sibai Magnesium sulfate prophylaxis in pre-eclampsia: lessons learned from recent trials Am J Obstet Gynecol 190 2004 1520 1526
42. E.J. Coetzee, J. Dommisee, and J. Anthony A randomized controlled trial of intravenous magnesium sulphate versus placebo in the management of women with severe pre-eclampsia Br J Obstet Gynaecol 105 1998 300 303
43. Duley L, Gulmezoglu AM, Henderson-Smart DJ, Chou D. Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;11:CD000025.
44. A.G. Witlin, and B.M. Sibai Randomized trials for prevention and treatment of eclamptic convulsions B.M. Sibai, Hypertensive disorders in women 2001 Saunders Philadelphia 221 227
45. M.A. Belfort, J. Anthony, G.R. Saade, and J.C. Allen A Comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia N Engl J Med 348 2003 304 311
46. The Eclampsia Trial Collaborative Group Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the Collaborative Eclampsia Trial Lancet 345 1995 1455 1463
47. D.G. Hall, H.S. McGaughey, E.L. Corey, and W.N. Thornton The effects of magnesium therapy on the duration of labor Am J Obstet Gynecol 78 1959 27 32
48. S.A. Friedman, K. Lim, C.A. Baker, and J.T. Repke Phenytoin versus magnesium sulfate in pre-eclampsia: a pilot study Am J Perinatol 10 1993 233 238
49. M.W. Atkinson, D. Guinn, J. Owen, and J.C. Hauth Does magnesium sulfate affect the length of labor induction in women with pregnancy-associated hypertension? Am J Obstet Gynecol 173 1995 1219 1222
50. Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Doyle LW. Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;4:CD001060.
51. K.B. Nelson, and J.K. Grether Can magnesium sulfate reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in very low birthweight infants? Pediatrics 95 1995 263 269
52. Paneth N, Jetton J, Pinto-Martin J, Susser M, and the Neonatal Brain Hemorrhage Study Analysis Group. Magnesium sulfate in labor and risk of neonatal brain lesions and cerebral palsy in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1997;99:e1.
53. R. Mittendorf, J. Dambrosia, and P.G. Pryde Association between the use of antenatal magnesium sulfate in preterm labor and adverse health outcomes in infants Am J Obstet Gynecol 186 2002 1111 1118
54. C.A. Crowther, J.E. Hiller, L.W. Doyle, and R.R. Haslam Effect of magnesium sulfate given for neuroprotection before preterm birth JAMA 290 2003 2669 2676
55. S. Marret, L. Marpeau, and V. Zupan-Simuek Magnesium sulphate given before very-preterm birth to protect infant brain: the randomised controlled PREMAG trial BJOG 114 2007 310 318
56. D.J. Rouse, D.G. Hirtz, and E. Thorn A randomized, controlled trial of magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral palsy N Engl J Med 359 2008 895 905
57. Doyle LW, Crowther CA, Middleton P, Marret S, Rouse D. Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009:1:CD004661.
58. ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice Magnesium sulfate before anticipated preterm birth for neuroprotection Committee Opin Obstet Gynecol 115 2010 669 671
59. B. Bucklin, J.L. Hawkins, J.R. Anderson, and F.A. Ullrich Obstetric anesthesia workforce survey: twenty year update Anesthesiology 103 2005 645 653
60. E.J. Fox, G.S. Sklar, C.H. Hill, R. Villanueva, and B.D. King Complications related to the pressor response to endotracheal intubation Anesthesiology 47 1977 524 525
61. M.F.M. James, R.E. Beer, and J.D. Esser Intravenous magnesium sulphate inhibits catecholamine release associated with tracheal intubation Anesth Analg 68 1989 772 776
62. R.W. Allen, M.F.M. James, and P.C. Uys Attenuation of the pressor response to tracheal intubation in hypertensive proteinuric patients by lignocaine, alfentanil and magnesium sulphate Br J Anaesth 66 1991 216 223
63. W.B. Ashton, M.F.M. James, P. Janicki, and P.C. Uys Attenuation of the pressor response to tracheal intubation by magnesium sulphate with and without alfentanil in hypertensive proteinuric patients undergoing caesarean section Br J Anaesth 67 1991 741 747
64. K. Robins, and G. Lyons Intraoperative awareness during general anesthesia for cesarean delivery Anesth Analg 109 2009 886 890
65. L. Telci, F. Esen, D. Akcora, T. Erden, A.T. Canbolat, and K. Akpir Evaluation of effects of magnesium sulphate in reducing intraoperative anaesthetic requirements Br J Anaesth 89 2002 594 598
66. A. Altan, N. Turgut, F. Yildiz, A. Turkmen, and H. Ustun Effects of magnesium sulphate and clonidine on propofol consumption, haemodynamics and postoperative recovery Br J Anaesth 94 2005 438 441
67. M. Durmus, A.K. But, T.B. Erdem, Z. Ozpolat, and M.O. Ersoy The effects of magnesium sulphate on sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentrations and haemodynamic responses Eur J Anaesthesiol 23 2006 54 59
68. D.H. Lee, and I.C. Kwon Magnesium sulphate has beneficial effects as an adjuvant during general anaesthesia for caesarean section Br J Anaesth 103 2009 861 866
69. C. Czarnetzki, C. Lysakowski, N. Elia, and M.R. Tramer Time course of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block after pre-treatment with magnesium sulphate: a randomised study Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 54 2010 299 306
70. M.F.M. James Magnesium in obstetric anesthesia Int J Obstet Anesth 7 1998 115 123
71. A. Yoshida, Y. Itoh, and K. Nagaya Prolonged relaxant effects of vecuronium in patients with deliberate hypermagnesemia: time for caution in caesarean section J Anesth 20 2006 33 35
72. J.U. Schreiber, C. Lysakowski, T. Fuchs-Buder, and M.R. Tramer Prevention of succinylcholine-induced fasciculation and myalgia: a meta-analysis of randomized trials Anesthesiology 103 2005 877 884
73. C.J. Woolf, and S.W. Thompson The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor activation; implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states Pain 44 1991 293 299
74. K. Omote, H. Sonoda, M. Kawamata, H. Iwasaki, and A. Namiki Potentiation of antinociceptive effects of morphine by calcium-channel blockers at the level of the spinal cord Anesthesiology 79 1993 746 752
75. H. Koinig, T. Wallner, P. Marhofer, H. Andel, K. Horauf, and N. Mayer Magnesium sulfate reduces intra- and postoperative analgesic requirements Anesth Analg 87 1998 206 210
76. C. Lysakowski, L. Dumont, C. Czarnetzki, and M. Tramer Magnesium as an adjuvant to postoperative analgesia: a systematic review of randomised trials Anesth Analg 104 2007 1532 1539
77. A. Buvanendran, R.J. McCarthy, J.S. Kroin, W. Leond, P. Perry, and K.J. Tuman Intrathecal magnesium prolongs fentanyl analgesia: a prospective randomized controlled trial Anaesth Analg 95 2002 661 666
78. S. Malleeswaran, N. Panda, P. Mathew, and R. Bagga A randomised study of magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine in patients with mild pre-eclampsia undergoing caesarean section Int J Obstet Anesth 19 2010 161 166
79. J. Sun, X. Wu, X. Xu, L. Jin, N. Han, and R. Zhou A comparison of epidural magnesium and/or morphine with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia after caesarean section Int J Obstet Anesth 21 2012 310 316
80. A.A. Yousef, and Y.M. Amr The effect of adding magnesium sulphate to epidural bupivacaine and fentanyl in elective caesarean section using combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia: a prospective double blind randomised study Int J Obstet Anesth 19 2010 401 404
81. J.T. Sullivan, N. Higgins, P. Toledo, B.M. Scavobe, R.J. McCarthy, and C.A. Wong The effect of intravenous magnesium therapy on the duration of intrathecal fentanyl labor analgesia Int J Obstet Anesth 21 2012 212 216