메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 429-446

Waterborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis

Author keywords

Cryptosporidium; Drinking; Genotyping; Recreational; Water

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER;

EID: 84872034309     PISSN: 00212571     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4415/ANN_12_04_10     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (85)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0033394114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults
    • Okhuysen PC, Chappell CL, Crabb JH, Sterling CR, DuPont, HL. Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults. J Infect Dis 1999;180:1275-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/315033
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.180 , pp. 1275-1281
    • Okhuysen, P.C.1    Chappell, C.L.2    Crabb, J.H.3    Sterling, C.R.4    Dupont, H.L.5
  • 4
    • 66149150969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium rabbit genotype, a newly identified human pathogen [letter]
    • Chalmers RM, Robinson G, Elwin K, Hadfield SJ, Xiao L, Ryan U, et al. Cryptosporidium rabbit genotype, a newly identified human pathogen [letter]. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15:829-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1505.081419
    • (2009) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 829-830
    • Chalmers, R.M.1    Robinson, G.2    Elwin, K.3    Hadfield, S.J.4    Xiao, L.5    Ryan, U.6
  • 6
    • 41049112643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis
    • Xiao L and Feng Y. Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis. FEMS Microbiol Med Microbiol 2008;52:309-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00377.x
    • (2008) FEMS Microbiol Med Microbiol , vol.52 , pp. 309-323
    • Xiao, L.1    Feng, Y.2
  • 7
    • 84862338932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium viatorum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) among travellers returning to the United Kingdom from the Indian Subcontinent
    • Elwin K, Hadfield SJ, Robinson G, Crouch N, Chalmers RM. Cryptosporidium viatorum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) among travellers returning to the United Kingdom from the Indian Subcontinent. Int J Parasitol 2012;42:675-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.04.016
    • (2012) Int J Parasitol , vol.42 , pp. 675-682
    • Elwin, K.1    Hadfield, S.J.2    Robinson, G.3    Crouch, N.4    Chalmers, R.M.5
  • 8
    • 84868553582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptopsoridium species in Australian wildlife and domestic animals
    • Ryan U, Power M. Cryptopsoridium species in Australian wildlife and domestic animals. Parasitol 2012;20:1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0031182012001151
    • (2012) Parasitol , vol.20 , pp. 1-16
    • Ryan, U.1    Power, M.2
  • 9
    • 67449095279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium pig genotype II in immunocompetent man
    • Kvác M, Kvetonová D, Sak B, Ditrich O. Cryptosporidium pig genotype II in immunocompetent man. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15(6):982-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1506.07621
    • (2009) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 982-983
    • Kvác, M.1    Kvetonová, D.2    Sak, B.3    Ditrich, O.4
  • 10
    • 84871672526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case of human cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium tyzzeri and C. parvum presumably transmitted from wild mice
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Rasková V, Kvetonová D, Sak B, McEvoy J, Edwinson A, Stenger B, Kvác M. Case of human cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium tyzzeri and C. parvum presumably transmitted from wild mice. J Clin Microbiol 2012. [Epub ahead of print]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02346- 12
    • (2012) J Clin Microbiol
    • Rasková, V.1    Kvetonová, D.2    Sak, B.3    McEvoy, J.4    Edwinson, A.5    Stenger, B.6    Kvác, M.7
  • 11
    • 55549099264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unusual cryptosporidium genotypes in human cases of diarrhoea
    • Robinson G, Elwin K, Chalmers RM. Unusual cryptosporidium genotypes in human cases of diarrhoea. Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:1800-2. http://dx.doi.org/10. 3201/eid1411.080239
    • (2008) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 1800-1802
    • Robinson, G.1    Elwin, K.2    Chalmers, R.M.3
  • 13
    • 77955941739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-description of Cryptosporidium cuniculus Inman and Takeuchi 1979 (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae); Morphology, biology and phylogeny
    • Robinson G, Wright S, Elwin K, Hadfi eld SJ, Katzer F, Bartley PM, et al. Re-description of Cryptosporidium cuniculus Inman and Takeuchi, 1979 (Apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae); morphology, biology and phylogeny. Int J Parasitol 2010;40:1539-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.05.010
    • (2010) Int J Parasitol , vol.40 , pp. 1539-1548
    • Robinson, G.1    Wright, S.2    Elwin, K.3    Hadfield, S.J.4    Katzer, F.5    Bartley, P.M.6
  • 14
    • 0000788648 scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium meleagridis (sp. nov.)
    • Slavin D. Cryptosporidium meleagridis (sp. nov.). J Comp Pathol 1955;65:262-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0368-1742(55)80025-2
    • (1955) J Comp Pathol , vol.65 , pp. 262-266
    • Slavin, D.1
  • 16
    • 0036141514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and clinical features of cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients
    • Hunter PR, Nichols G. Epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:145-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.15.1.145-154.2002
    • (2002) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 145-154
    • Hunter, P.R.1    Nichols, G.2
  • 18
    • 34047151228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidiosis decline after regulation england and wales 1989-2005
    • Lake IR, Nichols GL, Bentham G, Harrison FCD, Hunter PR, Kovats RS. Cryptosporidiosis Decline after Regulation, England and Wales, 1989-2005. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13(4):623-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1304.060890
    • (2007) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 623-625
    • Lake, I.R.1    Nichols, G.L.2    Bentham, G.3    Fcd, H.4    Hunter, P.R.5    Kovats, R.S.6
  • 19
    • 77955389658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global distribution, public health and clinical impact of the protozoan pathogen cryptosporidium
    • Putignani L, Menichella D. Global distribution, public health and clinical impact of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium. Interdiscipl Perspect Infect Dis 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/753512
    • (2010) Interdiscipl Perspect Infect Dis
    • Putignani, L.1    Menichella, D.2
  • 21
    • 33646484063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardia and cryptosporidium join the " neglected diseases initiative"
    • Savioli L, Smith H, Thompson A. Giardia and cryptosporidium join the " neglected diseases initiative". Trends Parasitol 2006;22:203-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2006.02.015
    • (2006) Trends Parasitol , vol.22 , pp. 203-208
    • Savioli, L.1    Smith, H.2    Thompson, A.3
  • 22
    • 33947263540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: A worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt
    • Karanis P, Kourenti C, Smith H. Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. J Water Hlth 2007;5:1-38.
    • (2007) J Water Hlth , vol.5 , pp. 1-38
    • Karanis, P.1    Kourenti, C.2    Smith, H.3
  • 23
    • 81355154310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: Review of worldwide outbreaks - An update 2004-2010
    • Baldursson S, Karanis P. Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: review of worldwide outbreaks - an update 2004-2010. Water Res 2011;45:6603-14.
    • (2011) Water Res , Issue.45 , pp. 6603-6614
    • Baldursson, S.1    Karanis, P.2
  • 24
    • 84871674208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foodborne cryptosporidiosis: Is there really more in nordic countries?
    • in press
    • Robertson L J, Chalmers RM. Foodborne cryptosporidiosis: is there really more in Nordic countries? Trends Parasitol (in press). http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.pt.2012.10.003
    • Trends Parasitol
    • Robertson, L.J.1    Chalmers, R.M.2
  • 27
    • 33750310062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease in england and wales 1992-2003
    • Smith A, Reacher M, Smerdon W, Adak GK, Nichols G, Chalmers RM. Outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales, 1992-2003. Epidemiol Infect 2006;134(6):1141-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268806006406
    • (2006) Epidemiol Infect , vol.134 , Issue.6 , pp. 1141-1149
    • Smith, A.1    Reacher, M.2    Smerdon, W.3    Adak, G.K.4    Nichols, G.5    Chalmers, R.M.6
  • 30
    • 85044710814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of syndromic surveillance in monitoring a focal waterborne outbreak due to an unusual cryptosporidium genotype in northamptonshire united kingdom june-july 2008
    • Smith S, Elliot AJ, Mallaghan C, Modha D, Hippisley-Cox J, Large S, Regan M, Smith GE. Value of syndromic surveillance in monitoring a focal waterborne outbreak due to an unusual Cryptosporidium genotype in Northamptonshire, United Kingdom, June-July 2008. Euro Surveill 2010;15(33): pii=19643.
    • (2010) Euro Surveill , vol.15 , Issue.33 , pp. 19643
    • Smith, S.1    Elliot, A.J.2    Mallaghan, C.3    Modha, D.4    Hippisley-Cox, J.5    Large, S.6    Regan, M.7    Smith, G.E.8
  • 31
    • 38449118823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidiosis surveillance and water-borne outbreaks in Europe
    • Semenza J, Nichols G. Cryptosporidiosis surveillance and water-borne outbreaks in Europe. Euro Surveill 2007; 12(5):120-4.
    • (2007) Euro Surveill , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 120-124
    • Semenza, J.1    Nichols, G.2
  • 33
    • 78649951340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical laboratory practices for the detection and reporting of cryptosporidium in community cases of diarrhoea in the united kingdom 2008
    • Chalmers RM, Campbell B, Crouch N, Davies, AP. Clinical laboratory practices for the detection and reporting of Cryptosporidium in community cases of diarrhoea in the United Kingdom, 2008. Euro Surveill 2010;15:pii519731.
    • (2010) Euro Surveill , vol.15
    • Chalmers, R.M.1    Campbell, B.2    Crouch, N.3    Davies, A.P.4
  • 34
    • 83555177370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On behalf of the iid2 study executive committee. Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the uk (iid2 study): Incidence in the community and presenting to general practice
    • Tam CC, Rodrigues LC, Viviani L, Dodds JP, Evans MR, Hunter PR, Gray JJ, Letley LH, Rait G, Tompkins DS, O'Brien SJ. On behalf of the IID2 Study Executive Committee. Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice. Gut 2012;61(1):69-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2011.238386
    • (2012) Gut , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-77
    • Tam, C.C.1    Rodrigues, L.C.2    Viviani, L.3    Dodds, J.P.4    Evans, M.R.5    Hunter, P.R.6    Gray, J.J.7    Letley, L.H.8    Rait, G.9    Tompkins, D.S.10    O'Brien, S.J.11
  • 36
    • 0030596431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food poisoning notifications, and outbreaks - Where do the statistics come from and what do they mean?
    • 93-100
    • Wall PG, DeLouvois J, Gilbert RJ, Rowe B. Food poisoning notifications, and outbreaks - where do the statistics come from and what do they mean? CDR Wkly 1996;6:R93-100.
    • (1996) CDR Wkly , vol.6
    • Wall, P.G.1    Delouvois, J.2    Gilbert, R.J.3    Rowe, B.4
  • 37
    • 0031911475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of outbreaks of waterborne disease: Categorizing levels of evidence
    • Tillet HE, DeLouvois J, Wall PG. Surveillance of outbreaks of waterborne disease: categorizing levels of evidence. Epidemiol Infect 1998;120(1):37-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268897008431
    • (1998) Epidemiol Infect , vol.120 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-42
    • Tillet, H.E.1    Delouvois, J.2    Wall, P.G.3
  • 39
    • 0017158027 scopus 로고
    • Overwhelming watery diarrhea associated with a Cryptosporidium in an immunosuppressed patient
    • Meisel JL, Perera DR, Meligro C, Rubin CE. Overwhelming watery diarrhea associated with a Cryptosporidium in an immunosuppressed patient. Gastroenterology 1976;70:1156- 60.
    • (1976) Gastroenterology , vol.70 , pp. 1156-1160
    • Meisel, J.L.1    Perera, D.R.2    Meligro, C.3    Rubin, C.E.4
  • 40
    • 0017289783 scopus 로고
    • Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan cryptosporidium
    • Nime FA, Burek JD, Page DL, Yardley JH. Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan Cryptosporidium. Gastroenterology 1976;70:592-8.
    • (1976) Gastroenterology , vol.70 , pp. 592-598
    • Nime, F.A.1    Burek, J.D.2    Page, D.L.3    Yardley, J.H.4
  • 44
    • 0032238543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a public water supply from a deep chalk borehole
    • Willcocks L, Crampin A, Milne L, Seng C, Susman M, Gair R, et al. (1998). A large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a public water supply from a deep chalk borehole. Comm Dis Publ Health 1998;1:239-43.
    • (1998) Comm Dis Publ Health , vol.1998 , Issue.1 , pp. 239-243
    • Willcocks, L.1    Crampin, A.2    Milne, L.3    Seng, C.4    Susman, M.5    Gair, R.6
  • 45
    • 0034145572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiological standards for water and their relationship with health risk
    • Barrell RA, Hunter PR, Nichols G. Microbiological standards for water and their relationship with health risk. Comm Dis Pbl Hlth 2000;3(1)8-13.
    • (2000) Comm Dis Pbl Hlth , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-13
    • Barrell, R.A.1    Hunter, P.R.2    Nichols, G.3
  • 46
    • 0036725337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing a large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis: How to investigate and when to decide to lift a "boil water" notice
    • Harrison SL, Nelder R, Hayek L, Mackenzie IF, Casemore DP, Dance D. Managing a large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis: how to investigate and when to decide to lift a "boil water" notice. Commun Dis Public Health 2002;5(3):230-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268807008503
    • (2002) Commun Dis Public Health , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 230-239
    • Harrison, S.L.1    Nelder, R.2    Hayek, L.3    MacKenzie, I.F.4    Casemore, D.P.5    Dance, D.6
  • 47
    • 0036947524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous monitoring for cryptosporidium - A novel approach to public health protection
    • Lloyd A, Drury D. Continuous monitoring for cryptosporidium - a novel approach to public health protection. Water Sci Technol 2002;46(11-12):297-301.
    • (2002) Water Sci Technol , vol.46 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 297-301
    • Lloyd, A.1    Drury, D.2
  • 48
    • 34748913645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis associated with low oocyst concentrations
    • Neira-Munoz E, Okoroa C, McCarthy ND. Outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis associated with low oocyst concentrations. Epidemiol Infect 2007;135(7):1159-64.
    • (2007) Epidemiol Infect , vol.135 , Issue.7 , pp. 1159-1164
    • Neira-Munoz, E.1    Okoroa, C.2    McCarthy, N.D.3
  • 49
    • 77953115052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cryptosporidium hominis outbreak in north-west wales, uk, associated with low oocyst counts in treated drinking water
    • Mason BW, Chalmers RM, Carnicer-Pont D, Casemore DP. A Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak in North-West Wales, UK, associated with low oocyst counts in treated drinking water. J Water Health 2010;8(2):299-310. http://dx.doi.org/10. 2166/wh.2009.184
    • (2010) J Water Health , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-310
    • Mason, B.W.1    Chalmers, R.M.2    Carnicer-Pont, D.3    Casemore, D.P.4
  • 52
    • 0012638363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for safe recreational waters
    • World Health Organization Geneva: WHO
    • World Health Organization. Guidelines for safe recreational waters. Volume 2. Swimming pools and similar water environments. Geneva: WHO; 2006.
    • (2006) Swimming Pools and Similar Water Environments , vol.2
  • 53
    • 84872028365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swimming pool water
    • PWTAG. 2d. Diss: Greenhouse Publishing Limited
    • PWTAG. Swimming pool water. Treatment and quality standards for pools and spas. 2d. Diss: Greenhouse Publishing Limited; 2006.
    • (2006) Treatment and Quality Standards for Pools and Spas
  • 54
    • 34748918850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of e. Coli O157 associated with a swimming pool: An unusual vehicle of transmission
    • Verma A, Bolton FJ, Fiefield D, Lamb P, Woloschin E, Smith N, Mccann R. An outbreak of E. coli O157 associated with a swimming pool: an unusual vehicle of transmission. Epidemiol Infect 2007;135(6):989-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0950268807007947
    • (2007) Epidemiol Infect , vol.135 , Issue.6 , pp. 989-992
    • Verma, A.1    Bolton, F.J.2    Fiefield, D.3    Lamb, P.4    Woloschin, E.5    Smith, N.6    McCann, R.7
  • 55
    • 84864085382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential molecular tools for assessing the public health risk associated with waterborne cryptosporidium oocysts
    • Epub 2012 May 24
    • Kothavade RJ. Potential molecular tools for assessing the public health risk associated with waterborne Cryptosporidium oocysts. J Med Microbiol 2012;61(Pt 8):1039-51. Epub 2012 May 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.043158- 0
    • (2012) J Med Microbiol , vol.61 , Issue.PART 8 , pp. 1039-1051
    • Kothavade, R.J.1
  • 56
  • 57
    • 72449204677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: An update
    • Xiao L. Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: an update. Exp Parasitol 2010;124:80-9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2009.03.018
    • (2010) Exp Parasitol , vol.124 , pp. 80-89
    • Xiao, L.1
  • 58
    • 84869862025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rare cryptosporidium parvum genotype associated with infection of lambs and zoonotic transmission in italy
    • Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print]
    • Caccio SM, Sannella AR, Mariano V, Valentini S, Berti F, Tosini F, Pozio E. A rare Cryptosporidium parvum genotype associated with infection of lambs and zoonotic transmission in Italy. Vet Parasitol 2012 Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.08.010
    • Vet Parasitol 2012
    • Caccio, S.M.1    Sannella, A.R.2    Mariano, V.3    Valentini, S.4    Berti, F.5    Tosini, F.6    Pozio, E.7
  • 59
    • 84866395611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of polymorphic genetic markers for multi-locus typing of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis
    • Robinson G, Chalmers RM. Assessment of polymorphic genetic markers for multi-locus typing of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis. Exp Parasitol 2012;132: 200-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.06.016
    • (2012) Exp Parasitol , vol.132 , pp. 200-215
    • Robinson, G.1    Chalmers, R.M.2
  • 61
    • 63449142497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in england and wales 2000 to 2003
    • bii=19086
    • Chalmers RM, Elwin K, Thomas AL, Guy EC, Mason B. Long-term Cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales, 2000 to 2003. Eurosurveillance 2009;14(2)2009b;pii=19086.
    • (2009) Eurosurveillance , vol.14
    • Chalmers, R.M.1    Elwin, K.2    Thomas, A.L.3    Guy, E.C.4    Mason, B.5
  • 63
    • 84872035762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-summer seasonal increase in cryptosporidiosis recorded
    • HPA
    • HPA. Late-summer seasonal increase in cryptosporidiosis recorded. Health Protect Rep 2012;6(41). Available from: www.hpa.org.uk/hpr/archives/2012/ news4112. htm#smmrcrpt.
    • (2012) Health Protect Rep , vol.6 , pp. 41
  • 64
    • 77956591867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of cryptosporidium species and genotypes in scottish raw and drinking waters during a one-year monitoring period
    • Nichols RAB, Connelly L, Sullivan CB, Smith HV. Identification of Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypes in Scottish Raw and Drinking Waters during a One-Year Monitoring Period. Appl Environl Microbiol 2010; 76(17);5977- 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00915-10
    • (2010) Appl Environl Microbiol , vol.76 , Issue.17 , pp. 5977-5986
    • Rab, N.1    Connelly, L.2    Sullivan, C.B.3    Smith, H.V.4
  • 65
    • 84864067390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of cryptosporidium species in recreational versus non-recreational water sources
    • Epub 2012 May 17
    • Loganthan S, Yang R, Bath A, Gordon C, Ryan U. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in recreational versus non-recreational water sources. Exp Parasitol 2012;131(4):399-403. Epub 2012 May 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.exppara.2012.04.015
    • (2012) Exp Parasitol , vol.131 , Issue.4 , pp. 399-403
    • Loganthan, S.1    Yang, R.2    Bath, A.3    Gordon, C.4    Ryan, U.5
  • 67
    • 0032252204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak control team south west devon 1995 incident management team and further epidemiological and microbiological studies subgroup north thames 1997. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum from two large suspected waterborne outbreaks
    • Patel S, Pedraza-Diaz S, McLauchlin J, Casemore DP, Outbreak Control Team South and West Devon 1995, Incident Management Team and Further Epidemiological and Microbiological Studies Subgroup North Thames 1997. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum from two large suspected waterborne outbreaks. Commun Dis Public Health 1998;1:231-3.
    • (1998) Commun Dis Public Health , vol.1 , pp. 231-233
    • Patel, S.1    Pedraza-Diaz, S.2    McLauchlin, J.3    Casemore, D.P.4
  • 69
    • 0242677582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular surveillance of cryptosporidium spp. in raw wastewater in Milwaukee: Implications for understanding outbreak occurrence and transmission dynamics
    • Zhou L, Singh A, Jiang J, Xiao L. Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium spp. in raw wastewater in Milwaukee: implications for understanding outbreak occurrence and transmission dynamics. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41(11):5254-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.11.5254-5257.2003
    • (2003) J Clin Microbiol , vol.41 , Issue.11 , pp. 5254-5257
    • Zhou, L.1    Singh, A.2    Jiang, J.3    Xiao, L.4
  • 70
    • 47249162067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular typing of cryptosporidium parvum associated with a diarrhoea outbreak identifies two sources of exposure
    • Mattsson JG, Insulander M, Lebbad M, Bjorkman C, Svenungsson B. Molecular typing of Cryptosporidium parvum associated with a diarrhoea outbreak identifies two sources of exposure. Epidemiol Infect 2008;13:1147-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268807009673
    • (2008) Epidemiol Infect , vol.13 , pp. 1147-1152
    • Mattsson, J.G.1    Insulander, M.2    Lebbad, M.3    Bjorkman, C.4    Svenungsson, B.5
  • 71
    • 77953104460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of cryptosporidium species and sources of contamination with cryptosporidium hominis during a waterborne outbreak in north west wales
    • Chalmers RM, Robinson G, Elwin K, Hadfield SJ, Thomas E, Watkins J, Casemore D, Kay D. Detection of Cryptosporidium species and sources of contamination with Cryptosporidium hominis during a waterborne outbreak in north west Wales. J Water Health 2010;8(2):311-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009. 185
    • (2010) J Water Health , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 311-325
    • Chalmers, R.M.1    Robinson, G.2    Elwin, K.3    Hadfield, S.J.4    Thomas, E.5    Watkins, J.6    Casemore, D.7    Kay, D.8
  • 72
    • 84872013250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information letter 17/2005
    • DWI
    • DWI 2005 Information Letter 17/2005. Cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales. Available from: http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/stakeholders/information-letters/ 2005/17-2005.pdf.
    • (2005) Cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales
  • 75
    • 51849111862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communitywide cryptosporidiosis outbreak
    • Center for Disease Control Prevention
    • Center for Disease Control Prevention. Communitywide cryptosporidiosis outbreak. Utah, 2007. MMWR 2008;57:989-93.
    • (2008) Utah 2007 MMWR , vol.57 , pp. 989-993
  • 76
    • 0034145698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advice on the response from public and environmental health to the detection of cryptosporidial oocysts in treated drinking water
    • Hunter PR. Advice on the response from public and environmental health to the detection of cryptosporidial oocysts in treated drinking water. Commun Dis Public Health 2000; 3:24-7.
    • (2000) Commun Dis Public Health , vol.3 , pp. 24-27
    • Hunter, P.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.