Nuclear imaging of rheumatic diseases

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Rheumatology

Volumn 26, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 787-804

  Van Der Laken, Conny J ^a   Huisman, Marc H ^a   Voskuyl, Alexandre E ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Early diagnostics; Nuclear imaging; Positron emission tomography; Rheumatic diseases; Therapy monitoring

Indexed keywords

FLUORINE 18; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; FOLATE TC 99M; HYDROXYMETHYLENE DIPHOSPHONATE TC 99M; IMMUNOGLOBULIN TC 99M; N SEC BUTYL 1 (2 CHLOROPHENYL) N METHYL 3 ISOQUINOLINECARBOXAMIDE C 11; RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL AGENT; RITUXIMAB; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; AORTA ARCH SYNDROME; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DRUG UPTAKE; ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE; GIANT CELL VASCULITIS; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE QUALITY; INFLAMMATION; LARGE VESSEL VASCULITIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OSTEOARTHRITIS; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RADIODIAGNOSIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATIC DISEASE; RHEUMATIC POLYMYALGIA; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; SYNOVITIS;

EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEASIBILITY STUDIES; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; RHEUMATIC DISEASES;

EID: 84871914063     PISSN: 15216942     EISSN: 15321770     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2012.10.006     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. M. Boers, A.C. Verhoeven, H.M. Markusse, and M.A. van de Laar Randomised comparison of combined step-down prednisolone, methotrexate and sulphasalazine with sulphasalazine alone in early rheumatoid arthritis Lancet 350 1997 309 318
2. R.B. Landewe, M. Boers, A.C. Verhoeven, R. Westhovens, M.A. van de Laar, and H.M. Markusse COBRA combination therapy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: long-term structural benefits of a brief intervention Arthritis & Rheumatism 46 2002 347 356
3. F.M. McQueen, N. Stewart, J. Crabbe, E. Robinson, S. Yeoman, and P.L. Tan Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist in early rheumatoid arthritis reveals a high prevalence of erosions at four months after symptom-onset Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 57 1998 350 356
4. M. Ostergaard, M. Hansen, M. Stoltenberg, P. Gideon, M. Klarlund, and K.E. Jensen Magnetic resonance imaging-determined synovial membrane volume as a marker of disease activity and a predictor of progressive joint destruction in the wrists of patients with rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis & Rheumatism 42 1999 918 929
5. D. Kane, P.V. Balint, and R.D. Sturrock Ultrasonography is superior to clinical examination in the detection and localization of knee joint effusion in rheumatoid arthritis Journal of Rheumatology 30 2003 966 971
6. M. Koenigkam-Santos, P. Sharma, B. Kalb, J.N. Oshinski, C.M. Weyand, and J.J. Goronzy Magnetic resonance angiography in extracranial giant cell arteritis Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 17 2011 306 310
7. S.R. Cherry, J.A. Sorensen, and M.E. Phelps Physics in nuclear medicine 3rd ed. 2003 Elsevier Philadelphia
8. M.E. Phelps PET-molecular imaging and its biological applications 2004 Springer New York
9. C. Grupen, and I. Buvat Handbook of particle detection [Chapter 42] 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin
10. R. Boellaard Standards for PET image acquisition and quantitative data analysis Journal of Nuclear Medicine 50 2009 11S 20S
11. R.L. Wahl, H. Jacene, Y. Kasamon, and M.A. Lodge From RECIST to PERCIST: evolving considerations for PET response criteria in solid tumors Journal of Nuclear Medicine 50 2009 22S 50S
12. M. Backhaus, T. Kamradt, D. Sandrock, D. Loreck, J. Fritz, and K.J. Wolf Arthritis of the finger joints. A comprehensive approach comparing conventional radiography, scintigraphy, ultrasound and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging Arthritis & Rheumatism 42 1999 1232 1245
13. T.T. Möttönen, P. Hannonen, J. Toivanen, A. Rekonen, and M. Oka Value of joint scintigraphy in the prediction of erosiveness in early rheumatoid arthritis Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 47 1988 183 189
14. C. Van de Wiele, F. Van den Bosch, H. Mielants, M. Simons, E.M. Veys, and R.A. Dierckx Bone scintigraphy of the hands in early stage lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis Journal of Rheumatology 24 1997 1916 1921
15. F. Jamar, F.A. Houssiau, J.P. Devogelaer, P.T. Chapman, D.O. Haskard, and V. Beaujean Scintigraphy using a technetium 99m-labelled anti-E-selectin Fab fragment in rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatology 41 2002 Jan 53 61
16. M.H. de Bois, J.W. Arndt, E.A. van der Velde, E.K. Pauwels, and F.C. Breedveld Joint scintigraphy for quantification of synovitis with 99mTc-labelled human immunoglobulin G compared to late phase scintigraphy with 99mTc-labelled diphosphonate British Journal of Rheumatology 33 1994 Jan 67 73
17. M.H. de Bois, J.W. Arndt, I. Speyer, E.K. Pauwels, and F.C. Breedveld Technetium-99m labelled human immunoglobulin scintigraphy predicts rheumatoid arthritis in patients with arthralgia Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 25 1996 155 158
18. M. Liberatore, M. Clemente, A.P. Iurilli, L. Zorzin, M. Marini, and E. Di Rocco Scintigraphic evaluation of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison of technetium-99m human non-specific immunoglobulins, leucocytes and albumin nanocolloids European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 19 1992 853 857
19. A.E. Koch, J.C. Burrows, G.K. Haines, T.M. Carlos, J.M. Harlan, and S.J. Leibovich Immunolocalization of endothelial and leukocyte adhesion molecules in human rheumatoid and osteoarthritic tissues Laboratory Investigation 64 1991 313 320
20. J. Kriegsmann, G.M. Keyszer, T. Geiler, A.S. Lagoo, S. Lagoo-Deenadayalan, and R.E. Gay Expression of E-selectin messenger RNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis & Rheumatism 38 1995 750 754
21. K. Palosaari, J. Vuotila, R. Takalo, A. Jartti, R. Niemelä, and M. Haapea Contrast-enhanced dynamic and static MRI correlates with quantitative 99Tcm-labelled nanocolloid scintigraphy. Study of early rheumatoid arthritis patients Rheumatology 43 2004 1364 1373
22. J. Huang, N. Stewart, J. Crabbe, E. Robinson, L. McLean, and S. Yeoman A 1-year follow-up study of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis reveals synovitis to be increased in shared epitope-positive patients and predictive of erosions at 1 year Rheumatology 39 2000 407 416
23. V. Jevtic, I. Watt, B. Rozman, M. Kos-Golja, S. Praprotnik, and D. Logar Contrast enhanced Gd-DTPA magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis during a clinical trial with DMARDs. A prospective two-year follow-up study on hand joints in 31 patients Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 15 1997 151 156
24. P. Barrera, W.J. Oyen, O.C. Boerman, and P.L. van Riel Scintigraphic detection of tumour necrosis factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 62 2003 825 828
25. L. Roimicher, F.P. Lopes, and S.A. de Souza (99m)Tc-anti-TNF-α scintigraphy in RA: a comparison pilot study with MRI and clinical examination Rheumatology 50 2011 2044 2050
26. G. Malviya, K.L. Anzola, and E. Podestà (99m)Tc-labeled Rituximab for imaging B lymphocyte infiltration in inflammatory autoimmune disease patients Molecular Imaging & Biology 2011 Nov 30 [Epub ahead of print]
27. 131I-rituximab in a patient with CD20 positive non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: evaluation of the effect of radioiodination on the biological properties of rituximab Human Antibodies 20 2011 37 40
28. S.H. Lim, A.T. Vaughan, M. Ashton-Key, E.L. Williams, S.V. Dixon, and H.T. Chan Fc gamma receptor IIb on target B cells promotes rituximab internalization and reduces clinical efficacy Blood 118 2011 2530 2540
29. R.W. Kinne, W. Becker, J. Schwab, A. Schwarz, J.R. Kalden, and F. Emmrich Imaging rheumatoid arthritis joints with technetium-99m labelled specific anti-CD4- and non-specific monoclonal antibodies European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 21 1994 176 180
30. F.P. Lopes, M.N. de Azevedo, E. Marchiori, L.M. da Fonseca, S.A. de Souza, and B. Gutfilen Use of 99mTc-anti-CD3 scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic diseases Rheumatology 49 2010 933 939
31. E.L. Matteson, V.J. Lowe, F.G. Prendergast, C.S. Crowson, K.G. Moder, and D.E. Morgenstern Assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis using a novel folate targeted radiopharmaceutical Folatescan Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 27 2009 253 259
32. B. Ostendorf, K. Mattes-György, D.C. Reichelt, D. Blondin, A. Wirrwar, and R. Lanzman Early detection of bony alterations in rheumatoid and erosive arthritis of finger joints with high-resolution single photon emission computed tomography, and differentiation between them Skeletal Radiology 39 2010 55 61
33. W.E. Palmer, D.I. Rosenthal, O.I. Schoenberg, A.J. Fischman, L.S. Simon, and R.H. Rubin Quantification of inflammation in the wrist with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging and PET with 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose Radiology 196 1995 647 655
34. C. Beckers, C. Ribbens, B. Andre, S. Marcelis, O. Kaye, and L. Mathy Assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with (18)F-FDG PET Journal of Nuclear Medicine 45 2004 956 964
35. K. Kubota, K. Ito, M. Morooka, T. Mitsumoto, K. Kurihara, and H. Yamashita Whole-body FDG-PET/CT on rheumatoid arthritis of large joints Annals of Nuclear Medicine 23 2009 783 791
36. G.W. Goerres, A. Forster, D. Uebelhart, B. Seifert, V. Treyer, and B. Michel F-18 FDG whole-body PET for the assessment of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Clinical Nuclear Medicine 31 2006 386 390
37. E.H. Elzinga, C.J. van der Laken, E.F. Comans, A.A. Lammertsma, B.A. Dijkmans, and A.E. Voskuyl 2-Deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose joint uptake on positron emission tomography images: rheumatoid arthritis versus osteoarthritis Molecular Imaging Biology 9 2007 357 360
38. M. Houseni, W. Chamroonrat, H. Zhuang, and A. Alavi Facet joint arthropathy demonstrated on FDG-PET Clinical Nuclear Medicine 31 2006 418 419
39. G.K. von Schulthess, N. Meier, and K.D. Stumpe Joint accumulations of FDG in whole body PET scans Nuklear Medizin 40 2001 193 197
40. E. Wandler, E.L. Kramer, O. Sherman, J. Babb, J. Scarola, and M. Rafii Diffuse FDG shoulder uptake on PET is associated with clinical findings of osteoarthritis AJR American Journal of Roentgenology 185 2005 797 803
41. Y. Taniguchi, K. Arii, Y. Kumon, M. Fukumoto, T. Ohnishi, and T. Horino Positron emission tomography/computed tomography: a clinical tool for evaluation of enthesitis in patients with spondyloarthritides Rheumatology 49 2010 348 354
42. T. Okabe, H. Shibata, K. Shizukuishi, T. Yoneyama, T. Inoue, and U. Tateishi F-18 FDG uptake patterns and disease activity of collagen vascular diseases-associated arthritis Clinical Nuclear Medicine 36 2011 350 354
43. A. Roivainen, R. Parkkola, T. Yli-Kerttula, P. Lehikoinen, T. Viljanen, and T. Möttönen Use of positron emission tomography with methyl-11C-choline and 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of inflammatory proliferation of synovium Arthritis & Rheumatism 48 2003 3077 3084
44. R.B. Banati, J. Newcombe, R.N. Gunn, A. Cagnin, F. Turkheimer, and F. Heppner The peripheral benzodiazepine binding site in the brain in multiple sclerosis: quantitative in vivo imaging of microglia as a measure of disease activity Brain 123 2000 2321 2337
45. C.J. van der Laken, E.H. Elzinga, M.A. Kropholler, C.F. Molthoff, J.W. van der Heijden, and K. Maruyama Noninvasive imaging of macrophages in rheumatoid synovitis using 11C-(R)-PK11195 and positron emission tomography Arthritis & Rheumatism 58 2008 3350 3355
46. Y.Y.J. Gent, A.E. Voskuyl, R.W. Kloet, D. van Schaardenburg, O.S. Hoekstra, and B.A. Dijkmans Macrophage positron emission tomography imaging as a biomarker for preclinical rheumatoid arthritis: findings of a prospective pilot study Arthritis & Rheumatism 64 2012 62 66
47. F. Conti, G. Malviya, F. Ceccarelli, R. Priori, A. Iagnocco, and G. Valesini Role of scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-infliximab in predicting the response of intraarticular infliximab treatment in patients with refractory monoarthritis European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 39 2012 1339 1347
48. R.P. Polisson, O.I. Schoenberg, A. Fischman, R. Rubin, L.S. Simon, and D. Rosenthal Use of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the assessment of synovial volume and glucose metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis & Rheumatism 38 1995 Jun 819 825
49. T. Danfors, M. Bergström, N. Feltelius, H. Ahlström, G. Westerberg, and B. Långström Positron emission tomography with 11C-D-deprenyl in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Evaluation of knee joint inflammation before and after intra-articular glucocorticoid treatment Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 26 1997 43 48
50. C. Beckers, X. Jeukens, C. Ribbens, B. André, S. Marcelis, and P. Leclercq (18)F-FDG PET imaging of rheumatoid knee synovitis correlates with dynamic magnetic resonance and sonographic assessments as well as with the serum level of metalloproteinase-3 European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 33 2006 275 280
51. M. Sato, M. Inubushi, T. Shiga, K. Hirata, S. Okamoto, and T. Kamibayashi Therapeutic effects of acupuncture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study using (18)F-FDG-PET Annals of Nuclear Medicine 23 2009 311 316
52. E.T. Molenaar, A.E. Voskuyl, H.J. Dinant, P.D. Bezemer, M. Boers, and B.A. Dijkmans Progression of radiologic damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission Arthritis & Rheumatism 50 2004 36 42
53. A.K. Brown, P.G. Conaghan, Z. Karim, M.A. Quinn, K. Ikeda, and C.G. Peterfy An explanation for the apparent dissociation between clinical remission and continued structural deterioration in rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis & Rheumatism 58 2008 2958 2967
54. R.J. Wakefield, M.J. Green, H. Marzo-Ortega, P.G. Conaghan, W.W. Gibbon, and D. McGonagle Should oligoarthritis be reclassified? Ultrasound reveals a high prevalence of subclinical disease Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 63 2004 382 385
55. R.S. Pinals, A.T. Masi, and R.A. Larsen Preliminary criteria for clinical remission in rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis & Rheumatism 24 1981 1308 1315
56. E.H. Elzinga, C.J. van der Laken, E.F. Comans, R. Boellaard, O.S. Hoekstra, and B.A. Dijkmans 18F-FDG PET as a tool to predict the clinical outcome of infliximab treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: an explorative study Journal of Nuclear Medicine 52 2011 77 80
57. A. Roivainen, and T. Yli-Kerttula Whole-body distribution of (11)C-choline and uptake in knee synovitis European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 33 2006 1372 1373
58. M.C. Adams, T.G. Turkington, J.M. Wilson, and T.Z. Wong A systematic review of the factors affecting accuracy of SUV measurements AJR American Journal of Roentgenology 195 2010 310 320
59. M. Szkudlarek, Court-Payen, S. Jacobsen, M. Klarlund, H.S. Thomsen, and M. Østergaard Interobserver agreement in ultrasonography of the finger and toe joints in rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis & Rheumatism 48 2003 955 962
60. K. Kubota, K. Ito, M. Morooka, R. Minamimoto, Y. Miyata, and H. Yamashita FDG PET for rheumatoid arthritis: basic considerations and whole-body PET/CT Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1228 2011 29 38
61. F. Miese, A. Scherer, B. Ostendorf, A. Heinzel, R.S. Lanzman, and P. Kröpil Hybrid 18F-FDG PET-MRI of the hand in rheumatoid arthritis: initial results Clinical Rheumatology 30 2011 1247 1250
62. B.C. Lentle, A.S. Russell, J.S. Percy, and F.I. Jackson Scintigraphic findings in ankylosing spondylitis Journal of Nuclear Medicine 18 1977 524 528
63. I.H. Song, J. Carrasco-Fernández, M. Rudwaleit, and J. Sieper The diagnostic value of scintigraphy in assessing sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic literature research Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 67 2008 1535 1540
64. I.H. Song, H. Brandt, M. Rudwaleit, and J. Sieper Limited diagnostic value of unilateral sacroiliitis in scintigraphy in assessing axial spondyloarthritis Journal of Rheumatology 37 2010 1200 1202
65. K. de Vlam, C. Van de Wiele, H. Mielants, R.A. Dierckx, and E.M. Veys Is 99mTc human immunoglobulin G scintigraphy (HIG-scan) useful for the detection of spinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis? Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 18 2000 379 382
66. U. Blum, C. Buitrago-Tellez, A. Mundinger, T. Krause, J. Laubenberger, and P. Vaith Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection of active sacroiliitis-a prospective study comparing conventional radiography, scintigraphy, and contrast enhanced MRI Journal of Rheumatology 23 1996 2107 2115
67. W.P. Maksymowych MRI in ankylosing spondylitis Current Opinion in Rheumatology 21 2009 313 317
68. D. Wendling, O. Blagosklonov, G. Streit, G. Lehuédé, E. Toussirot, and J.C. Cardot FDG-PET/CT scan of inflammatory spondylodiscitis lesions in ankylosing spondylitis, and short term evolution during anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 64 2005 1663 1665
69. S.T. Bruijnen, M.A. van der Weijden, J.P. Klein, O.S. Hoekstra, R. Boellaard, and J.C. van Denderen Bone formation rather than inflammation reflects Ankylosing Spondylitis activity on PET-CT: a pilot study Arthritis Research & Therapy 14 2012 R71
70. K. Strobel, D.R. Fischer, G. Tamborrini, D. Kyburz, K.D. Stumpe, and R.G. Hesselmann 18F-fluoride PET/CT for detection of sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 37 2010 1760 1765
71. D. Blockmans, A. Maes, S. Stroobants, J. Nuyts, G. Bormans, and D. Knockaert New arguments for a vasculitic nature of polymyalgia rheumatica using positron emission tomography Rheumatology 38 1999 444 447
72. F.L. Besson, J.J. Parienti, B. Bienvenu, J.O. Prior, S. Costo, and G. Bouvard Diagnostic performance of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 38 2011 1764 1772
73. M. Fuchs, M. Briel, T. Daikeler, U.A. Walker, H. Rasch, and S. Berg The impact of 18F-FDG PET on the management of patients with suspected large vessel vasculitis European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 39 2012 344 353
74. J. Andrews, and J.C. Mason Takayasu's arteritis-recent advances in imaging offer promise Rheumatology 46 2007 6 15
75. D. Blockmans, S. Stroobants, A. Maes, and L. Mortelmans Positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence for inflammation of the aortic arch American Journal of Medicine 108 2000 246 249
76. D. Blockmans, L. De Ceuninck, S. Vanderschueren, D. Knockaert, L. Mortelmans, and H. Bobbaers Repetitive 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective study in 35 patients Rheumatology 46 2007 672 677
77. D. Camellino, and M.A. Cimmino Imaging of polymyalgia rheumatica: indications on its pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis Rheumatology 51 2012 77 86
78. D. Blockmans, L. de Ceuninck, S. Vanderschueren, D. Knockaert, L. Mortelmans, and H. Bobbaers Repetitive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of 35 patients Arthritis & Rheumatism 55 2006 131 137
79. M. Both, K. Ahmadi-Simab, M. Reuter, O. Dourvos, E. Fritzer, and S. Ullrich MRI and FDG-PET in the assessment of inflammatory aortic arch syndrome in complicated courses of giant cell arteritis Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 67 2008 1030 1033
80. D. Blockmans, W. Coudyzer, S. Vanderschueren, S. Stroobants, D. Loeckx, and S. Heye Relationship between fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the large vessels and late aortic diameter in giant cell arteritis Rheumatology 47 2008 1179 1184
81. J. Meller, F. Strutz, U. Siefker, A. Scheel, C.O. Sahlmann, and K. Lehmann Early diagnosis and follow-up of aortitis with [(18)F]FDG PET and MRI European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 30 2003 730 736
82. J. Meller, E. Grabbe, W. Becker, and R. Vosshenrich Value of F-18 FDG hybrid camera PET and MRI in early takayasu aortitis European Radiology 13 2003 400 405
83. A.K. Scheel, J. Meller, R. Vosshenrich, E. Kohlhoff, U. Siefker, and G.A. Müller Diagnosis and follow up of aortitis in the elderly Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 63 2004 1507 1510
84. L. Arnaud, J. Haroche, Z. Malek, F. Archambaud, L. Gambotti, and G. Grimon Is (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning a reliable way to assess disease activity in Takayasu arteritis? Arthritis & Rheumatism 60 2009 1193 1200
85. K.H. Lee, A. Cho, Y.J. Choi, S.W. Lee, Y.J. Ha, and S.J. Jung The role of (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in the assessment of disease activity in patients with Takayasu arteritis Arthritis & Rheumatism 64 2012 866 875