Regeneration dynamics of non-native northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) populations as influenced by environmental factors: A case study in managed hardwood forests of southwestern Germany

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 291, Issue , 2013, Pages 144-153

  Major, Kelly C ^a,b   Nosko, Peter ^a   Kuehne, Christian ^c   Campbell, Daniel ^b   Bauhus, Jürgen ^c  

^a NIPISSING UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b LAURENTIAN UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Gap ecology; Introduced species; Invasive species; Quercus rubra; Regeneration ecology; Seedling growth

Indexed keywords

19TH CENTURY; CANOPY CLOSURES; CANOPY GAPS; CENTRAL EUROPE; CLOSED CANOPIES; DIAMETER-AT-BREAST HEIGHTS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS; FERTILE SITES; HARDWOOD FORESTS; HARDWOOD STANDS; INTRODUCED SPECIES; INVASIVE SPECIES; NON-NATIVE; NONINDIGENOUS SPECIES; QUERCUS RUBRA; RED OAK; REGENERATION DYNAMICS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SEED DISPERSAL; SEEDLING GROWTH; SELECTIVE HARVESTING; SHADE TOLERANCE; SITE CONDITIONS; TREE SPECIES; TREES AND SHRUBS;

DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; HARDWOODS;

REFORESTATION;

CANOPY GAP; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DECIDUOUS TREE; EIGHTEENTH CENTURY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GAP DYNAMICS; INVASIVE SPECIES; NINETEENTH CENTURY; REGENERATION; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SEED DISPERSAL; SEEDLING; SHADE TOLERANCE; UNDERSTORY;

ECOLOGY; GERMANY; GROWTH; HARDWOODS; QUERCUS RUBRA; REFORESTATION; SEEDLINGS; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION;

BADEN-WURTTEMBERG; FREIBURG IM BREISGAU; GERMANY;

QUERCUS RUBRA;

EID: 84871910064     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.006     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Abrams M.D. Fire and the development of oak forests. Bioscience 1992, 42:346-353.
2. Abrams M.D. Distribution, historical development and ecophysiological attributes of oak species in eastern United States. Ann. For. Sci. 1996, 53:487-512.
3. Aldrich P.R., Parker G.R., Romero-Severson J., Michler C.H. Confirmation of oak recruitment failure in Indiana old-growth forest: 75 years of data. For. Sci. 2005, 51:406-416.
4. Aude E., Lawesson J.R. Vegetation in Danish beech forests: the importance of soil, microclimate and management factors, evaluated by vegetation partitioning. Plant Ecol. 1998, 134:53-65.
5. Barden L.S. Forest development in canopy gaps of a diverse hardwood forest of the southern Appalachian Mountains. Oikos 1981, 37:205-209.
6. Beckage B., Clark J.S., Clinton B.D., Haines B.L. A long-term study of tree seedling recruitment in southern Appalachian forests: The effects of canopy gaps and shrub understories. Can. J. For. Res. 2000, 30:1617-1631.
7. Bläsing J. Das Klima des Mosswalds. Die Mooswälder - Natur- und Kulturgeschichte der Breisgauer Bucht 2008, 73-94. Lavori Publishing House, Freiburg, Germany. H. Körner (Ed.).
8. Brose P., Van Lear D., Cooper R. Using shelterwood harvests and prescribed fire to regenerate oak stands on productive upland sites. For. Ecol. Manage. 1999, 113:125-141.
9. Calster H.V., Baeten L., Verheyen K., Keersmaeker L.D., Dekeyser S., Rogister J.E., Hermy M. Diverging effects of overstorey conversion scenarios on the understorey vegetation in a former coppice-with-standards forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 256:519-528.
10. Canham C.D., Berkowitz A.R., Kelly V.R., Lovett G.M., Ollinger S.V., Schnurr J. Biomass allocation and multiple resource limitation in tree seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 1996, 26:1521-1530.
11. Carvell K.L., Tryon E.H. Herbaceous vegetation and shrubs characteristic of oak sites in West Virginia. Castanea 1959, 24:39-43.
12. Carvell K.L., Tryon E.H. The effect of environmental factors on the abundance of oak regeneration beneath mature oak stands. For. Sci. 1961, 7:98-105.
13. Chabrerie O., Verheyen K., Saguez R., Decocq G. Disentangling relationships between habitat conditions, disturbance history, plant diversity, and American black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) invasion in a European temperate forest. Diversity Distrib. 2008, 14:204-212.
14. Chmura D. Penetration and naturalisation of invasive alien plant species (neophytes) in woodlands of the Silesian Upland (southern Poland). Nat. Conserv. 2004, 60:3-11.
15. Chmura D., Sierka E. The occurrence of invasive alien plant species in selected forest nature reserves in southern Poland as a conservation problem. Nat. Conserv. 2005, 62:3-11.
16. Chmura D., Sierka E. The invasibility of deciduous forest communities after disturbance: a case study of Carex brizoides and Impatiens parviflora invasion. For. Ecol. Manage. 2007, 242:487-495.
17. Colin-Belgrand M. La nutrition du chêne rouge d'Amérique: principales normes de composition foliaire en vue d'un diagnostic. Chêne Rouge D'Amérique 1994, 101-112. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France. J. Timbal, A. Kremer, N. le Goff, G. Nepveu (Eds.).
18. Cottam G., Curtis J.T. The use of distance measures in phytosociological sampling. Ecology 1956, 37:451-460.
19. Cowell C.M., Hoalst-Pullen N., Jackson M.T. The limited role of canopy gaps in the successional dynamics of a mature mixed Quercus forest remnant. J. Veg. Sci. 2010, 21:201-212.
20. Crow T.R. Reproductive mode and mechanisms for self-replacement of northern Q. rubra (Quercus rubra) - a review. For. Sci. 1988, 34:19-40.
21. Daubenmire R.F. Plant Communities: A Textbook of Synecology 1968, Harper and Row, New York, USA.
22. Dech J.P., Robinson L.M., Nosko P. Understorey plant community characteristics and natural hardwood regeneration under three partial harvest treatments applied in a northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) stand in the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Forest region of Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 256:760-773.
23. Decocq G., Aubert M., Dupont F., Alard D., Saguez R., Wattez-Franger A., de Foucault B., Delelis-Dusollier A., Bardat J. Plant diversity in a managed temperate deciduous forest: understorey response to two silvicultural systems. J. Appl. Ecol. 2004, 41:1065-1079.
24. Decocq G., Aubert M., Dupont F., Bardat J., Wattez-Franger A., Sagues R., de Foucault B., Alard D., Delelis-Dusollier A. Silviculture-driven vegetation changes in European temperate deciduous forest. Ann. For. Sci. 2005, 62:313-323.
25. Dey D.C., Parker W.C. Overstorey density affects field performance of underplanted red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ontario. North. J. Appl. For. 1997, 14:120-125.
26. Dzwonko Z. Relations between the floristic composition of isolated young woods and their proximity to ancient woodlands. J. Veg. Sci. 1993, 4:693-698.
27. Dzwonko Z., Gawroński S. The role of woodland fragments, soil types, and dominant species in secondary succession on the western Carpathian foothills. Vegetatio 1994, 111:149-160.
28. Ellenberg H. Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe 1988, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA.
29. Faliński J.B. Invasive alien plant and vegetation dynamics. Plant invasions: Ecological mechanisms and human responses 1998, 3-21. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands. U. Starfinger, K. Edwards, I. Kowarik, M. Williamson (Eds.).
30. FAO, 1998. World Reference Base for Soil Resources. World Soil Resources Report No 84, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
31. FAO 2009. Invasive and Introduced Tree Species Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (accessed 30.04.09). http://www.fao.org/forestry/24107/en/.
32. Field A. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS 2005, Sage Publications Ltd., London, UK. second ed.
33. García D., Houle G. Fine-scale special patterns of recruitment in red oak (Quercus rubra): what matters most, abiotic or biotic factors?. Ecoscience 2005, 12:223-235.
34. GBIF, 2009. Quercus rubra L. In: Global Biodiversity Information Facility Data Portal. (accessed 30.04.09). http://data.gbif.org/species/14245651/.
35. Gelpe J., Timbal J., Courrier G. Action du calcaire sur la germination et la croissance du chêne rouge d'Amérique (Q. rubra L.). Ann. For. Sci. 1986, 43:397-402.
36. Gleason H.A., Cronquist A. Manual of Vascular Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada 1991, New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA.
37. Goebel P.C., Hix D.M. Development of mixed-oak forest in southeastern Ohio: a comparison of second-growth and old-growth forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 1996, 84:1-21.
38. Huddle J.A., Pallardy S.G. Effects of fire on survival and growth of Acer rubrum and Quercus seedlings. For. Ecol. Manage. 1999, 118:49-56.
39. Hügin, G. 1990. Die Mooswälder der Freiburger Bucht. Beihefte zu den Veröffentlichungen für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Baden-Württemberg 29. Ungeheuer & Ulmer Publishing, Ludwigsburg, Germany, 85 p.
40. Kenk, G., Borsy, P., 1994. Le chêne rouge (Quercus borealis Michx.) en Allemagne. In Chêne Rouge D'Amérique. In: Timbal, J., Kremer, A., le Goff, N., Nepveu, G. (Eds.), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France, pp. 265-271.
41. Kolb T.E., Steiner K.C. Growth and biomass partitioning of northern red oak and yellow-poplar seedlings: effects of shading and grass root competition. For. Sci. 1990, 36:34-44.
42. Kolb T.E., Steiner K.C., McCormick L.H., Bowersox T.W. Growth response of northern red-oak and yellow-poplar seedlings to light, soil moisture and nutrients in relation to ecological strategy. For. Ecol. Manage. 1990, 38:65-78.
43. Lemon P.E. A spherical densitometer for estimating forest overstorey density. For. Sci. 1956, 2:313-320.
44. Loftis D.L. A shelterwood method for regenerating red oak in the southern Appalachians. For. Sci. 1990, 36:917-929.
45. Loftis, D.L. 1992. Regenerating northern red oak on high-quality sites in the southern Appalachians. In: Loftis, D.L., McGee, C.E. (Eds.), Oak Regeneration; Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations. General Technical Report SE-84, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 333p.
46. Long R.P., Brose P.H., Horsley S.B. Responses of northern red oak seedlings to lime and deer exclosure fencing in Pennsylvania. Can. J. For. Res. 2012, 42:698-709.
47. Lorimer C.G. Development of the red maple understory in northeastern oak forests. For. Sci. 1984, 30:3-22.
48. Lorimer C.G., Chapman J.W., Lambert W.D. Tall understorey vegetation as a factor in poor development of oak seedlings beneath mature stands. J. Ecol. 1994, 82:227-237.
49. Mack R.N., Simberloff D., Lonsdale W.M., Evans H., Clout M., Bazzaz F.A. Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecol. Appl. 2000, 10:689-710.
50. Magni Diaz, C.R. 2004. Reconstruction de l'introduction de Quercus rubra L. en Europe et conséquences génétique dans les populations allochtones. Ph.D. Thesis, école National du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts, Paris, France.
51. Major, K.C. 2008. Competitive Relations of Red Oak and Sugar Maple Differ between Oak and Pine Soils. B.Sc. Thesis. Department of Biology and Chemistry, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario.
52. McCune B., Grace J.B. Analysis of Ecological Communities 2002, MJM Press, MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon.
53. McCune, B., Mefford, M.J., 1999. PC-ORD: Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. Version 5.31. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon.
54. Naidu S.L., DeLucia E.H. Growth, allocation and water relations of shade-grown Quercus rubra L. saplings exposed to a late-season canopy gap. Ann. Bot. 1997, 80:335-344.
55. Naidu S.L., DeLucia E.H. Physiological and morphological acclimation of shade-grown tree seedling to late-season canopy gap formation. Plant Ecol. 1998, 138:27-40.
56. Niinemets ü., Valladares F. Tolerance to shade, drought, and waterlogging of temperate Northern Hemisphere trees and shrubs. Ecol. Monogr. 2006, 76:521-547.
57. Nowacki G.J., Abrams M.D., Lorimer C.G. Composition, structure, and historical development of northern Q. rubra stands along an edaphic gradient in north-central Wisconsin. For. Sci. 1990, 36:276-292.
58. Pallardy S.G., Nigh T.A., Garrett H.E. Changes in forest composition in central Missouri: 1968-1982. Am. Midl. Nat. 1988, 120:380-390.
59. Parker W.C., Dey D.C. Influence of overstory density on ecophysiology of red oak (Quercus rubra) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings in central Ontario shelterwoods. Tree Physiol. 2008, 28:797-804.
60. Phares R.E. Growth of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings in relation to light and nutrients. Ecology 1971, 52:669-672.
61. Reineke L.H. Perfecting a stand density index for even-aged forests. J. Agric. Res. 1933, 46:627-638.
62. Reinhardt F., Herle V.M., Bastiansen B.F., Streit B. Economic impact of the spread of alien species in Germany: German Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Texte 2003, 80(03):43-47.
63. Rey P. Essai de phytocinétique biogéographique 1960, Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.
64. Sander, I.L. 1990. Quercus rubra L. In: Burns, R.M., Honkala, B.H. (Eds.), Silvics of North America, vol. 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC, pp. 1401-1414.
65. SPSS. 2007. Base 17.0 User's Guide. SPSS Inc., Chicago.
66. Steiner, K.C., Abrams, M.D., Bowersox, T.W., 1993. Advance reproduction and other stand characteristics in Pennsylvania and French stands of northern red oak. In: Proceedings of the 9th Central Hardwood Forest Conference. General Technical Report NC-161. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, pp. 473-483.
67. Stringer, J.W., 2006. Oak Shelterwood: A technique to improve oak regeneration. Professional Hardwood Note #2, Published as a University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension and Southern Regional Extension Forestry publication, 8 pp.
68. Thomas S.C., Halpern C.B., Falk D.A., Liguori D.A., Austin K.A. Plant diversity in managed forests: understorey responses to thinning and fertilization. Ecol. Appl. 1999, 9:864-879.
69. Timbal J. Introduction et utilisation en reboisement du chêne rouge en France. Chêne Rouge D'Amérique 1994, 16-24. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France. J. Timbal, A. Kremer, N. le Goff, G. Nepveu (Eds.).
70. Timbal J., Dewilder R. Sensibilité au calcaire. Chêne Rouge D'Amérique 1994, 98-100. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France. J. Timbal, A. Kremer, N. le Goff, G. Nepveu (Eds.).
71. Timbal J., Dreyer E. éclairement. Chêne Rouge D'Amérique 1994, 81-84. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France. J. Timbal, A. Kremer, N. le Goff, G. Nepveu (Eds.).
72. Timbal J., Gelpe J. Croissance juvenile du chêne rouge sur des sols carbonatés à des profondears variables. Ann. For. Sci. 1989, 46:694s-696s.
73. Tinner W., Conedera M., Ammann B., Lotter A.F. Fire ecology north and south of the Alps since the last ice age. The Holocene 2005, 15:1214-1226.
74. Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Waiters, S.M., Webb, D.A., 1964-80. Flora Europaea, 1-5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
75. Van Lear D.H. Upland oak ecology and management. Citations and Proceedings: Upland Oak Ecology Symposium: History, Current Conditions, and Sustainability 2004, 65-71. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. M.A. Spetich (Ed.).
76. Vansteenkiste, D., De Boever, L., Van Acker, J., 2005. Alternative processing solutions for Q. rubra (Quercus rubra) from converted forests in Flanders, Belgium. In: Proceedings of the COST Action E44 Conference on broad spectrum utilization of wood, 14-15 June 2005. Vienna, Austria.
77. Villinger E. Geologie der Freiburger Bucht. Die Mooswälder - Natur- und Kulturgeschichte der Breisgauer Bucht 2008, 15-42. Lavori Publishing House, Freiburg, Germany. H. Körner (Ed.).
78. Vor T. Natural regeneration of Quercus rubra L. (Red Oak) in Germany. Neobiota 2005, 6:111-123.