Relationship of physical therapy inpatient rehabilitation interventions and patient characteristics to outcomes following spinal cord injury: The SCIRehab project

Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

Volumn 35, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 503-526

  Teeter, Laura ^a   Gassaway, Julie ^b   Taylor, Sally ^c   LaBarbera, Jacqueline ^d   McDowell, Shari ^a   Backus, Deborah ^a   Zanca, Jeanne M ^e   Natale, Audrey ^f   Cabrera, Jordan ^e   Smout, Randall J ^b   Kreider, Scott E D ^f   Whiteneck, Gale ^f  

^a SHEPHERD CENTER   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL OUTCOMES RESEARCH   (United States)

^c REHABILITATION INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^d Carolinas Rehabilitation   (United States)

^e MOUNT SINAI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^f CRAIG HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Employment; Functional outcome practice based evidence; Paraplegia; Participation; Physical therapy; Quality of life; Rehabilitation; SCI model systems; Spinal cord injuries; Tetraplegia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE MEASURE; GENDER; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARAPLEGIA; PHYSIOTHERAPY; QUADRIPLEGIA; SPINAL CORD INJURY; WHEELCHAIR;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ASIAN AMERICANS; DISABILITY EVALUATION; EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INPATIENTS; LENGTH OF STAY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOOD DISORDERS; PARAPLEGIA; PATIENT DISCHARGE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES; QUADRIPLEGIA; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REHABILITATION CENTERS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84871486947     PISSN: 10790268     EISSN: 20457723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/2045772312Y.0000000058     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, DonovanW, Graves DE, Jha A, et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (Rev. 2011). J Spinal Cord Med 2011;34(6):535-46.
2. Berney S, Bragge P, Granger C, Opdam H, Denehy L. The acute respiratory management of cervical spinal cord injury in the first 6 weeks after injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord 2011;49(1):17-29.
3. Postma K, Bussmann J, Haisma J, Bergen M, Stam H. Predicting respiratory infection one year after inpatient rehabilitation with pulmonary function measured at discharge in persons with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Med 2009;41(9):729-33.
4. Krause J, Saunders L. Health, secondary conditions, and life expectancy after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92(11):1770-5.
5. Kroll T, Neri M, Ho P. Secondary conditions in spinal cord injury: results from a prospective survey. Disabil Rehabil 2007;29(15):1229-37. (Pubitemid 47180646)
6. Paralyzed Veterans of America. Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines. 1999. Available from http://www.pva.org/site/ PageServer?pagename=research-consort(Accessed 2012 April 2).
7. Ota T, Akaboshi K, Nagata M, Sonoda S, Domen K, Seki M, et al. Functional assessment of patients with spinal cord injury: measured by the motor score and the functional independence measure. Spinal Cord. 1996;34(9):531-5. (Pubitemid 26331986)
8. Seel R, Huang M, Cifu D, Kolakowsky-Hayner S, McKinley W. Age-related differences in length of stays, hospitalization costs, and outcomes for an injury-matched sample of adults with paraplegia. J Spinal Cord Med 2001;24(4):241-50. (Pubitemid 37484214)
9. Stenson K, Deutsch A, Heinemann A, Chen D. Obesity and inpatient rehabilitation outcomes for patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92(3):384-90.
10. DeVivo M. Discharge disposition from model spinal cord injury care system rehabilitation programs. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80(7):785-90. (Pubitemid 29320975)
11. Gulati A, Yeo C, Cooney A, McLean A, Fraser M, Allan D. Functional outcome and discharge destination in elderly patients with spinal cord injuries. Spinal Cord 2011;49(2):215-8.
12. Forchheimer M, Kalpakjian C. Gender differences in community integration after spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2004;10(2):163-74. (Pubitemid 40050980)
13. Tomassen P, Post M, van Asbeck F. Return to work after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2000;38(1):51-5. (Pubitemid 30142557)
14. Charlifue S, Apple D, Burns S, Chen D, Cuthbert J, Donovan W, et al. Mechanical ventilation, health, and quality of life following spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92(3):457-63.
15. Jaglal S, Munce S, Guilcher S, Couris C, Fung K, Craven B, et al. Health system factors associated with rehospitalizations after traumatic spinal cord injury: a population-based study. Spinal Cord 2009;47:604-9.
16. Chen Y, Cao Y, Allen V, Richards J. Weight matters: physical and psychosocial well being of persons with spinal cord injury in relation to body mass index. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92(3):391-8.
17. Cardenas DD, Hoffman JM, Kirshblum S, McKinley W. Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: a multicenter analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85(11):1757-63. (Pubitemid 39441133)
18. Horn S, Gassaway J. Practice based evidence: incorporating clinical heterogeneity and patient-reported outcomes for comparative effectiveness research. Med Care 2010;48(6):17-22.
19. Whiteneck G, Gassaway J, Dijkers M, Charlifue S, Backus D, Chen D, et al. Inpatient treatment time across disciplines in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. J Spinal Cord Med 2011;34(11):133-48.
20. Heinemann A, Hamilton B, Linacre J, Wright B, Granger C. Functional status and therapeutic intensity during inpatient rehabilitation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1995;74(4):315-26.
21. van Langeveld S, Post M, van Asbeck F, Postma K, Leenders J, Pons K. Feasibility of a classification system for physical therapy, occupational therapy and sports therapy interventions for mobility and self-care in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89(8):1454-9.
22. van Langeveld S, Post M, van Asbeck F, Postma K, ten Dam D, Pons K. Development of a classification of physical therapy, occupational therapy and sports therapy interventions to document mobility and self-care in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. J Neurol Phys Ther 2008;32(1):2-7.
23. Qu H, Shewchuk R, Chen Y, Richards J. Evaluating the quality of acute rehabilitation care for patients with spinal cord injury: an extended Donabedian model. Qual Manag Health Care 2010;19(1):47-61.
24. Natale A, Taylor S, LaBarbera J, Mumma S, Bensimon L, McDowell S, et al. SCIRehab: the physical therapy taxonomy. J Spinal Cord Med 2009;32(3):270-82.
25. Gassaway J, Whiteneck G, Dijkers M. Clinical taxonomy development and application in spinal cord injury research: the SCIRehab Project. J Spinal Cord Med 2009;32(3):260-9.
26. Taylor-Schroeder S, LaBarbera J, McDowell S, Zanca J, Natale A, Mumma S, et al. Physical therapy treatment time during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation. J Spinal Cord Med 2011;34(2):149-61.
27. Whiteneck G, Gassaway J, Dijkers M, Heinemann A, Kreider SED. Relationship of patient characteristics and rehabilitation services to outcome following spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2012;35(6):484-502.
28. Horn S, Gassaway J. Practice-based evidence study design for comparative effectiveness research. Med Care 2007;45(10 Suppl 2):S50-7.
29. Whiteneck G, Gassaway J, Dijkers M, Jha A. New approach to study the contents and outcomes of spinal cord injury rehabilitation: the SCIRehab Project. J Spinal Cord Med 2009;32(3):251-9.
30. Fiedler R, Granger C. Functional independence measure: a measurement of disability and medical rehabilitation. In: Chino N, Melvin J, (eds.) Functional evaluation of stroke patients. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag; 1996. p. 75-92.
31. Averill R, McGuire T, Manning B, Fowler D, Horn S, Dickson P, et al. A study of the relationship between severity of illness and hospital cost in New Jersey hospitals. Health Serv Res 1992;27(5):587-617.
32. Horn S, Sharkey P, Buckle J, Backofen J, Averill R, Horn R. The relationship between severity of illness and hospital length of stay and mortality. Med Care 1991;29(4):305-17.
33. Horn S. Clinical practice improvement: a new methodology for outcomes research. Nutrition 1996;12(5):384-5. (Pubitemid 26295001)
34. Lenze E, Munin M, Quear T, Dew M, Rogers J, Begley A, et al. The Pittsburgh rehabilitation participation scale: reliability and validity of a clinician-rated measure of participation in acute rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85(3):380-4. (Pubitemid 38879363)
35. National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Data collection syllabus for the national spinal cord injury database: 2006-2011 project period. Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama; 2011.
36. Whiteneck G, Brooks C, Charlifue S, Gerhart K, Mellick D, Overholser D, et al. (eds.) Guide for use of CHART: Craig handicap assessment and reporting technique. Englewood, CO: Craig Hospital; 1992.
37. Hall J, DijkersM,Whiteneck G, Brooks C, Krause J. The Craig handicap assessment and reporting technique (CHART): metric properties and scoring. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 1998;4(1):16-30. (Pubitemid 29035246)
38. Mellick D, Walker N, Brooks C, Whiteneck G. Incorporating the cognitive independence domain into CHART. J Rehabil Outcome Measure 1999;3(3):12-21.
39. Diener E, Emmons R, Larsen J, Griffin S. The satisfaction with life scale. J Pers Assess 1985;49(1):71-5. (Pubitemid 15080385)
40. Spitzer R, Kroenke K, Williams J. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. Patient health questionnaire. JAMA 1999;282(18):1737-44. (Pubitemid 29533604)
41. Harrop J, Naroji A, Maltenfort M, Ratliff J, Tjoumakaris S, Frank B, et al. Neurologic improvement after thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar spinal cord (conus medullaris) injuries. Spine 2011;36(1):21-5.
42. Kay E, Deutsch A, Wuermser L. Predicting walking at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation after a traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88(6):745-50. (Pubitemid 46802406)
43. Kutner M, Neter J, Nachtsheim C, Li W. Applied linear statistical models. 5th ed. New York, NY: Irwin Professional Pub; 2004.
44. Hosmer D, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 2000.
45. Nagelkerke N. A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination. Biometrika 1991;78(3):691-2.
46. Nizam A, Kleinbaum D, Muller K, Kupper L. Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods. 3rd ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury Pr; 1998.
47. American Physical Therapy Association. Guide to physical therapist practice. Alexandria, VA: APTA; 2001.
48. Kilkens O, Dallmeijer A, Nene A, Post M, van der Woude L. The longitudinal relation between physical capacity and wheelchair skill performance during inpatient rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86(8):1575-81. (Pubitemid 41115819)
49. Hastings J, Robins H, Griffiths Y, Hamilton C. The differences in self-esteem, function, and participation between adults with low cervical motor tetraplegia who use power or manual wheelchairs. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92(11):1875-8.
50. Rosado-Rivera D, Radulovic M, Handrakis J, Cirnigliaro C, Jensen A, Kirshblum S, et al. Comparison of 24-hour cardiovascular and autonomic function in paraplegia, tetraplegia, and control groups: implications for cardiovascular risk. J Spinal Cord Med 2011;34(4):395-403.
51. Illman A, Stiller K, Williams M. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension during physiotherapy treatment in patients with an acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2000;38(12):741-7. (Pubitemid 32060054)
52. Sipski M, Jackson A, Gomez-Marin O, Estores I, Stein A. Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85(11):1826-36. (Pubitemid 39441141)
53. Janssen T, Dallmeijer A, Veeger D, van der Woude L. Normative values and determinants of physical capacity in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Rehab Res Dev 2002;39(1):29-39. (Pubitemid 34260324)
54. Haisma J, van der Woude L, Stam H, Bergen M, Sluis T, Bussmann J. Physical capacity in wheelchair-dependent persons with a spinal cord injury: a critical review of the literature. Spinal Cord 2006;44(11):642-52. (Pubitemid 44721156)
55. Sabick M, Kotajarvi B, An K. A new method to quantify demand on the upper extremity during manual wheelchair propulsion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85(7):1151-9. (Pubitemid 38962377)
56. Van Drongelen S, van der Woude L, Janssen T, Angenot E, Chadwick E, Veeger D. Mechanical load on the upper extremity during wheelchair activities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86(6):1214-20. (Pubitemid 40797777)
57. Forchheimer M, Richards J, Chiodo A, Bryce T, Dyson-Hudson T. Cut point determination in the measurement of pain and its relationship to psychosocial and functional measures after traumatic spinal cord injury: a retrospective model spinal cord injury system analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92(3):419-24.
58. Betker A, Desai A, Nett C, Kapadia N, Szturm T. Game-based exercises for dynamic short-sitting balance rehabilitation of people with chronic spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries. Phys Ther 2007;87(10):1389-98. (Pubitemid 47584284)
59. Jørgensen V, Elfving B, Opheim A. Assessment of unsupported sitting in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2011;49(7):838-43.
60. Douglas J. Wheelchair exercises for fitness and confidence. Diabetes Self Manag 2005;22(1):47-48, 51- 53, 55.
61. Waters R, Adkins R, Yakura J, Vigil D. Prediction of ambulatory performance based on motor scores derived from standards of the American Spinal Injury Association. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75(7):756-60. (Pubitemid 24222070)
62. Zörner B, Blanckenhorn W, Dietz V, Curt A. Clinical algorithm for improved prediction of ambulation and patient stratification after incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2010;27(1):241-52.
63. Riggins M, Kankipati P, Oyster M, Cooper R, Boninger M. The relationship between quality of life and change in mobility 1 year postinjury in individuals with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92(7):1027-33.
64. Field-Fote E, Roach K. Influence of a locomotor training approach on walking speed and distance in people with chronic spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 2011;91(1):48- 60.
65. Krause J. Factors associated with risk for subsequent injuries after traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1503-8. (Pubitemid 39221093)
66. Brotherton S, Krause J, Nietert P. Falls in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2007;45(1):37-40. (Pubitemid 46067398)
67. Saraf P, Rafferty M, Moore J, Kahn J, Hendron K, Leech K, et al. Daily stepping in individuals with motor incomplete spinal cord injury. Phys Ther 2010;90(2):224-35.
68. Scivoletto G, Romanelli A, Mariotti A, Marinucci D, Tamburella F, Mammone A, et al. Clinical factors that affect walking level and performance in chronic spinal cord lesion patients. Spine 2008;33(3):259 -64.
69. Behrman A, Bowden M, Nair P. Neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury and training: an emerging paradigm shift in rehabilitation and walking recovery. Phys Ther 2006;86(10):1406-25. (Pubitemid 44497075)
70. Horak F, Macpherson J. Postural orientation and equilibrium. In: Rowell L, Shepherd J, (eds.)Handbook of physiology and exercise. Regulation and integration of multiple systems. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society; 1996. p. 255-92.
71. Fritz S, Merlo-Rains A, Rivers E, Peters D, Goodman A, Watson E, et al. An intensive intervention for improving gait, balance and mobility with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: a pilot study of activity tolerance and benefits. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92(11):1776-84.
72. McKinley W, Santos K, Meade M, Brooke K. Incidence and outcomes of spinal cord injury clinical syndromes. J Spinal Cord Med 2007;30(3):215-24. (Pubitemid 47092892)
73. Keith R, Granger C, Hamilton B, Sherwin F. The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil 1987;1:6-18.
74. Anderson K, Aito S, Atkins M, Biering-Sørensen F, Charlifue S, Curt A. Functional recovery measures for spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research. J Spinal Cord Med 2008;31:133-44. (Pubitemid 351951348)
75. Marino F, Huan M, Knight P, Herbison G, Ditunno J, Segal M. Assessing self care status in quadriplegia comparision of the quadriplegia index of function (QIF) and the functional independence measure (FIM). Paraplegia 1993;31:225-33. (Pubitemid 23264675)
76. Menter R, Weitzenkamp D, Cooper D, Bingley J, Charlifue S, Whiteneck G. Bowel management outcomes in individuals with long-term spinal cord injuries. Spinal Cord 1997;35(9):608-12. (Pubitemid 27401743)
77. Middleton J, Truman G, Geraghty T. Neurological level effect on the discharge functional status of spinal cord injured persons after rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79(11):1428-32. (Pubitemid 28525129)
78. Menter RR,Whiteneck GG, Charlifue SW, Gerhart K, Solnick SJ, Brooks CA, et al. Impairment, disability, handicap and medical expenses of persons aging with spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1991;29(9):613-9.
79. Jackson A, Carnel C, Ditunno J, Read M, Boninger M, Schmeler M, et al. Outcome measures for gait and ambulation in the spinal cord injury population. J Spinal Cord Med 2008;31(5):487-99.
80. Middleton J, Harvey L, Batty J, Cameron I, Quirk R,Winstanley J. Five additional mobility and locomotor items to improve responsiveness of the FIM in wheelchair-dependent individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2006;44(8):495-504. (Pubitemid 44181105)
81. Fujiwara T, Hara Y, Akaboshi K, Chino N. Relationship between shoulder muscle strength and functional independence measure (FIM) score among C6 tetraplegics. Spinal Cord 1999;37:58-61. (Pubitemid 29140137)