Comparison of 24-hour cardiovascular and autonomic function in paraplegia, tetraplegia, and control groups: Implications for cardiovascular risk

Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 395-403

  Rosado Rivera, Dwindally ^a   Radulovic, M ^a,b,c   Handrakis, John P ^a,b,c,d   Cirnigliaro, Christopher M ^a,b,c   Jensen, A Marley ^a,b,c   Kirshblum, Steve ^c   Bauman, William A ^a,b,c   Wecht, Jill Maria ^a,b,c  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c KESSLER INSTITUTE FOR REHABILITATION   (United States)

^d NYIT School of Health Professions   (United States)

Author keywords

Autonomic nervous system; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular risk; Diurnal variation; Heart rate; Heart rate variability; Paraplegia; Spinal cord injuries; Tetraplegia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AMBULATORY MONITORING; ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HEART RATE VARIABILITY; HOLTER MONITORING; HUMAN; MALE; PARAPLEGIA; QUADRIPLEGIA; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, AMBULATORY; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARAPLEGIA; QUADRIPLEGIA; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 80051528514     PISSN: 10790268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/2045772311Y.0000000019     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Somers VK, Dyken ME, Mark AL, Abboud FM. Sympathetic-nerve activity during sleep in normal subjects. N Engl J Med 1993;328(5):303-7. (Pubitemid 23035328)
2. Elsenbruch S, Harnish MJ, Orr WC. Heart rate variability during waking and sleep in healthy males and females. Sleep 1999;22(8): 1067-71. (Pubitemid 30173981)
3. O'Brien E, Sheridan J, O'Malley K. Dippers and non-dippers. Lancet 1988;2(8607):397.
4. Ingelsson E, Bjorklund-Bodegard K, Lind L, Arnlov J, Sundstrom J. Diurnal blood pressure pattern and risk of congestive heart failure. J Am Med Assoc 2006;295(24):2859-66. (Pubitemid 43974183)
5. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Gatteschi C, Zampi I, Battistelli M, Bartoccini C, et al. Blunted nocturnal fall in blood pressure in hypertensive women with future cardiovascular morbid events. Circulation 1993;88(3):986-92. (Pubitemid 23264014)
6. Myers J, Lee M, Kiratli J. Cardiovascular disease in spinal cord injury: an overview of prevalence, risk, evaluation, and management. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2007;86(2):142-52. (Pubitemid 46148688)
7. Groah SL, Weitzenkamp D, Sett P, Soni B, Savic G. The relationship between neurological level of injury and symptomatic cardiovascular disease risk in the aging spinal injured. Spinal Cord 2001; 39(6):310-7. (Pubitemid 32624945)
8. Samsa GP, Patrick CH, Feussner JR. Long-term survival of veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Neurol 1993;50(9): 909-14. (Pubitemid 23275118)
9. Bunten DC, Warner AL, Brunnemann SR, Segal JL. Heart rate variability is altered following spinal cord injury. Clin Auton Res 1998;8(6):329-34. (Pubitemid 29021103)
10. Munakata M, Kameyama J, Kanazawa M, Nunokawa T, Moriai N, Yoshinaga K. Circadian blood pressure rhythm in patients with higher and lower spinal cord injury: simultaneous evaluation of autonomic nervous activity and physical activity. J Hypertens 1997;15(12 Pt 2):1745-9. (Pubitemid 28029675)
11. Christ JE. An analysis of circadian rhythmicity of heart rate in tetraplegic human subjects. Paraplegia 1979;17(2):251-8. (Pubitemid 9224923)
12. Goswami R, Krishan K, Suryaprakash B, Vaidyanathan S, Rao K, Rao MS, et al. Circadian desynchronization in pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and urine output in traumatic tetraplegics. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1985;29(4): 199-206.
13. Krum H, Louis WJ, Brown DJ, Jackman GP, Howes LG. Diurnal blood pressure variation in quadriplegic chronic spinal cord injury patients. Clin Sci (Lond) 1991;80(3):271-6.
14. Nitsche B, Perschak H, Curt A, Dietz V. Loss of circadian blood pressure variability in complete tetraplegia. J Hum Hypertens 1996;10(5):311-7. (Pubitemid 26241554)
15. Wang YH, Huang TS, Lin JL, Hwang JJ, Chan HL, Lai JS, et al. Decreased autonomic nervous system activity as assessed by heart rate variability in patients with chronic tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81(9):1181-4.
16. Nash MS, Mendez AJ. A guideline-driven assessment of need for cardiovascular disease risk intervention in persons with chronic paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88(6):751-7. (Pubitemid 46805153)
17. Bauman WA, Raza M, Spungen AM, Machac J. Cardiac stress testing with thallium-201 imaging reveals silent ischemia in individuals with paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75(9): 946-50. (Pubitemid 24288454)
18. Bauman WA, Spungen AM, Raza M, Rothstein J, Zhang RL, Zhong YG, et al. Coronary artery disease: metabolic risk factors and latent disease in individuals with paraplegia. Mt Sinai J Med 1992;59(2):163-8.
19. Wahman K, Nash MS, Lewis JE, Seiger A, Levi R. Cardiovascular disease risk and the need for prevention after paraplegia determined by conventional multifactorial risk models: the Stockholm spinal cord injury study. J Rehabil Med 2011;43(3): 237-42.
20. Wahman K, Nash MS, Lewis JE, Seiger A, Levi R. Increased cardiovascular disease risk in Swedish persons with paraplegia: the Stockholm spinal cord injury study. J Rehabil Med 2010;42(5): 489-92.
21. Wahman K, Nash MS, Westgren N, Lewis JE, Seiger A, Levi R. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in persons with paraplegia: the Stockholm spinal cord injury study. J Rehabil Med 2010;42(3): 272-8.
22. Ben-Dov IZ, BursztynM. Daytime sleeping and night-time urinating obscure normal dipping. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21(1): 226-7. (Pubitemid 43057136)
23. Seo WS, Oh HS. The circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate in the hypertensive subjects: dippers and non-dippers. Yonsei Med J 2002;43(3):320-8. (Pubitemid 34752879)
24. KleigerRE, Bigger JT, BosnerMS, ChungMK,Cook JR,Rolnitzky LM, et al. Stability over time of variablesmeasuring heart rate variability in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol 1991;68(6):626-30.
25. Kleiger RE, Stein PK, Bigger JT, Jr. Heart rate variability: measurement and clinical utility. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2005;10(1):88-101. (Pubitemid 40476672)
26. Kleiger RE, Stein PK, Bosner MS, Rottman JN. Time domain measurements of heart rate variability. Cardiol Clin 1992;10(3): 487-98.
27. Bigger JT, Jr, Kleiger RE, Fleiss JL, Rolnitzky LM, Steinman RC, Miller JP. Components of heart rate variability measured during healing of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1988;61(4): 208-15.
28. Cook JR, Bigger JT, Jr, Kleiger RE, Fleiss JL, Steinman RC, Rolnitzky LM. Effect of atenolol and diltiazem on heart period variability in normal persons. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17(2):480-4.
29. FerriC, Emdin M, GiuggioliD, Carpeggiani C,MaielliM,Varga A, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in systemic sclerosis: time and frequency domain 24 hour heart rate variability analysis. Br J Rheumatol 1997;36(6):669-76.
30. Weisz N, Schandry R, Jacobs AM, Mialet JP, Duschek S. Early contingent negative variation of the EEG and attentional flexibility are reduced in hypotension. Int J Psychophysiol 2002;45(3): 253-60.
31. Costa M, Stegagno L, Schandry R, Bitti PE. Contingent negative variation and cognitive performance in hypotension. Psychophysiology 1998;35(6):737-44. (Pubitemid 28533606)
32. Duschek S, Matthias E, Schandry R. Essential hypotension is accompanied by deficits in attention and working memory. Behav Med 2005;30(4):149-58. (Pubitemid 40756255)
33. Duschek S, Weisz N, Schandry R. Reduced cognitive performance and prolonged reaction time accompany moderate hypotension. Clin Auton Res 2003;13(6):427-32. (Pubitemid 38117573)
34. Duschek S, Schandry R. Reduced brain perfusion and cognitive performance due to constitutional hypotension. Clin Auton Res 2007;17(2):69-76. (Pubitemid 46669414)
35. Barrett-Connor E, Palinkas LA. Low blood pressure and depression in older men: a population based study. Br Med J 1994;308(6926):446-9. (Pubitemid 24084185)
36. Pilgrim JA, Stansfeld S, Marmot M. Low blood pressure, low mood? Br Med J 1992;304(6819):75-8.
37. Wessely S, Nickson J, Cox B. Symptoms of low blood pressure: a population study. Br Med J 1990;301(6748):362-5. (Pubitemid 20263166)
38. Rosengren A, Tibblin G, Wilhelmsen L. Low systolic blood pressure and self perceived wellbeing in middle aged men. Br Med J 1993;306(6872):243-6. (Pubitemid 23027964)
39. Yamamoto Y, Akiguchi I, Oiwa K, Hayashi M, Ohara T, Ozasa K. The relationship between 24-hour blood pressure readings, subcortical ischemic lesions and vascular dementia. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005;19(5):302-8. (Pubitemid 40663306)
40. Schwartz GL, Bailey KR, Mosley T, Knopman DS, Jack CR Jr, Canzanello VJ, et al. Association of ambulatory blood pressure with ischemic brain injury. Hypertension 2007;49(6):1228-34. (Pubitemid 46809362)
41. Houtman S, Oeseburg B, Hughson RL, Hopman MT. Sympathetic nervous system activity and cardiovascular homeostatis during head-up tilt in patients with spinal cord injuries. Clin Auton Res 2000;10(4):207-12. (Pubitemid 32268927)
42. Jacobs PL, Mahoney ET, Robbins A, Nash M. Hypokinetic circulation in persons with paraplegia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34(9): 1401-7. (Pubitemid 35006809)
43. Schmid A, Huonker M, Barturen JM, Stahl F, Schmidt-Trucksass A, Konig D, et al. Catecholamines, heart rate, and oxygen uptake during exercise in persons with spinal cord injury. J Appl Physiol 1998;85(2):635-41. (Pubitemid 28365833)
44. Palatini P. Elevated heart rate in cardiovascular diseases: a target for treatment? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2009;52(1):46-60.
45. Palatini P. Elevated heart rate: a 'new' cardiovascular risk factor? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2009;52(1):1-5.
46. Park BJ, Lee HR, Shim JY, Lee JH, Jung DH, Lee YJ. Association between resting heart rate and arterial stiffness in Korean adults. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2010;103(4):246-52.
47. Fox K, Borer JS, Camm AJ, Danchin N, Ferrari R, Lopez Sendon JL, et al. Resting heart rate in cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50(9):823-30. (Pubitemid 47277500)
48. Reil JC, Bohm M. The role of heart rate in the development of cardiovascular disease. Clin Res Cardiol 2007;96(9):585-92. (Pubitemid 47400814)
49. Palatini P, Parati G. Persistently elevated heart rate accelerates the progression of arterial stiffness. J Hypertens 2010;28(4):653-6.
50. Sa Cunha R, Pannier B, Benetos A, Siche JP, London GM, Mallion JM, et al. Association between high heart rate and high arterial rigidity in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. J Hypertens 1997;15(12 Pt 1):1423-30. (Pubitemid 28039570)
51. Albaladejo P, Asmar R, Safar M, Benetos A. Association between 24-hour ambulatory heart rate and arterial stiffness. J Hum Hypertens 2000;14(2):137-41. (Pubitemid 30110448)
52. Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Differential impact of heart rate on arterial wall stiffness and thickness in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Am Soc Hypertens 2008; 2(3):152-7. (Pubitemid 351699664)
53. Miyatani M, Masani K, Oh PI, Miyachi M, Popovic MR, Craven BC. Pulse wave velocity for assessment of arterial stiffness among people with spinal cord injury: a pilot study. J Spinal Cord Med 2009;32(1):72-8.
54. Wecht JM, Weir JP, DeMeersman RE, Spungen AM, Bauman WA. Arterial stiffness in persons with paraplegia. J Spinal Cord Med 2004;27(3):255-9. (Pubitemid 44210650)
55. Palatini P. Heart rate as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: current evidence and basic mechanisms. Drugs 2007;67(Suppl 2):3-13. (Pubitemid 350114591)
56. Schmid A, Huonker M, Stahl F, Barturen JM, Konig D, Heim M, et al. Free plasma catecholamines in spinal cord injured persons with different injury levels at rest and during exercise. J Auton Nerv Syst 1998;68(1-2):96-100. (Pubitemid 28252857)
57. Teasell RW, Arnold JM, Krassioukov A, Delaney GA. Cardiovascular consequences of loss of supraspinal control of the sympathetic nervous system after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81(4):506-16. (Pubitemid 30192047)
58. Claydon VE, Krassioukov AV. Orthostatic hypotension and autonomic pathways after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2006; 23(12):1713-25. (Pubitemid 46034446)
59. Koh J, Brown TE, Beightol LA, Ha CY, Eckberg DL. Human autonomic rhythms: vagal cardiac mechanisms in tetraplegic subjects. J Physiol 1994;474(3):483-95. (Pubitemid 24060781)
60. Takahashi M, Matsukawa K, Nakamoto T, Tsuchimochi H, Sakaguchi A, Kawaguchi K, et al. Control of heart rate variability by cardiac parasympathetic nerve activity during voluntary static exercise in humans with tetraplegia. J Appl Physiol 2007;103(5): 1669-77. (Pubitemid 350033852)
61. Takahashi M, Sakaguchi A, Matsukawa K, Komine H, Kawaguchi K, Onari K. Cardiovascular control during voluntary static exercise in humans with tetraplegia. J Appl Physiol 2004; 97(6):2077-82. (Pubitemid 39552445)
62. Wecht JM, Weir JP, DeMeersman RE, Schilero GJ, Handrakis JP, LaFountaine MF, et al. Cold face test in persons with spinal cord injury: age versus inactivity. Clin Auton Res 2009;19(4):221-9.
63. Grimm DR, De Meersman RE, Almenoff PL, Spungen AM, Bauman WA. Sympathovagal balance of the heart in subjects with spinal cord injury. Am J Physiol 1997;272(2 Pt 2):H835-42.
64. Inoue K, Ogata H, Hayano J, Miyake S, Kamada T, Kuno M, et al. Assessment of autonomic function in traumatic quadriplegic and paraplegic patients by spectral analysis of heart rate variability. J Auton Nerv Syst 1995;54(3):225-34.