A method for sea ice thickness and concentration analysis based on SAR data and a thermodynamic model

Cryosphere

Volumn 6, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 1507-1526

  Karvonen, J ^a   Cheng, B ^a   Vihma, T ^a   Arkett, M ^b   Carrieres, T ^b  

^a FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; DATA INTERPRETATION; DATA SET; ELECTROMAGNETIC METHOD; ICE FLOW; ICE THICKNESS; IMAGE ANALYSIS; NUMERICAL MODEL; SEA ICE; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR; THERMODYNAMICS;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; CANADA; GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE;

EID: 84871332600     PISSN: 19940416     EISSN: 19940424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/tc-6-1507-2012     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Andersen, S., Tonboe, R., Kaleschke, L., and Heygster, G.: Intercomparison of passive microwave sea ice concentration retrievals over the high-concentration Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C08004, doi:10.1029/2006JC003543, 2007.
2. Astola, J., Haavisto, P., and Neuvo, Y.: Vector median filters, P. IEEE, 78, 678-689, 1990.
3. Biazzi, B., Alparone, L., Baronti, S., and Borri, G.: Pyramid-based multi-resolution adaptive filters for additive and multiplicative image noise, IEEE T. Circuits-II, 45, 1092-1097, 1998.
4. Bitz, C. M., Holland, M. M., Weaver, A. J., and Eby, M.: Simulating the ice-thickness distribution in a coupled climate model, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2441-2464, 2001.
5. Briegleb, B. P., Bitz, C. M., Hunke, E. C., Lipscomb, W. H., Holland, M. M., Schramm, J. L., and Moritz, R. E.: Scientific description of the sea ice component in the Community Climate System Model, Version Three. Tech. Rep. NCAR/TN-463+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 78 pp., 2004.
6. Bromwich, D. H., Hines, K. M., and Bai, L.-S.: Development and testing of polar weather research and forecasting model: 2. Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D08122, doi:10.1029/2008JD010300, 2009.
7. Canny, J.: A computational approach to edge detection, IEEE T. Pattern Anal., 8, 679-698, 1986.
8. Cheng, B., Vihma, T., and Launiainen, J.: Modelling of the superimposed ice formation and sub-surface melting in the Baltic Sea, Geophysica, 39, 31-50, 2003.
9. Cheng, B., Vihma, T., Pirazzini, R., and Granskog, M.: Modelling of superimposed ice formation during spring snow-melt period in the Baltic Sea, Ann. Glaciol, 44, 139-146, 2006.
10. Cheng, B., Zhang, Z., Vihma, T., Johansson, M., Bian, L., Li, Z., and Wu, H.: Model experiments on snow and ice thermodynamics in the Arctic Ocean with CHINAREN 2003 data, J. Geophys. Res. 113, C09020, doi:10.1029/2007JC004654, 2008a.
11. Cheng, B., Vihma, T., Zhang, Z., Li, Z., and Wu, H.: Snow and sea ice thermodynamics in the Arctic: model validation and sensitivity study against SHEBA data, Chinese Journal of Polar Science, 19, 108-122, 2008b.
12. DeGroot, M. H.: Probability and Statistics, 3rd Edn., Addison- Wesley, Boston, 1991.
13. Doronin, Y. P.: Thermal interaction of the atmosphere and the hydrosphere in the arctic, Coronet Books, ISBN 0706510372 (0- 7065-1037-2), 1971.
14. Ebert, E. E. and Curry, J. A.: An Intermediate one-dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model for investigating ice-atmosphere interaction, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10085-10109, 1993.
15. Fichefet, T. and Maqueda, M. A. M.: Sensitivity of a global sea ice model to the treatment of ice thermodynamics and dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 609-646, doi:10.1029/97JC00480, 1997.
16. Flato, G. M. and Brown, R. D.: Variability and climate sensitivity of landfast Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 25767-25777, 1996.
17. Gabison, R.: A thermodynamic model of the formation growth and decay of first-year sea ice, J. Glaciol., 33, 105-109, 1987.
18. Gao, G., Chen, C., Qi, J., and Beardsley, R. C.: An unstructuredgrid, finite-volume sea ice model: development, validation, and application, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00D04, doi:10.1029/2010JC006688, 2011.
19. Geldsetzer, T. and Yackel, J. J.: Sea ice type and open water discrimination using dual co-polarized C-band SAR, Can. J. Remote Sens., 35, 73-84, 2009.
20. Haas, C., Goebell, S., Hendricks, S., Martin, T., Pfaffling, A., and Saldern, C.: Airborne electromagnetic measurements of sea ice thickness: methods and applications, in: Proc. of the workshop Arctic Sea Ice Thickness: Past, Present and Future 2005, Rungstedgaard, Denmark, Nov 8-9, 2005, edited by: Wadhams P. and Amanatidis G., 136-148, ISBN 92-79-02803-EPS, 2006.
21. Jakobson, E., Vihma, T., Palo, T., Jakobson, L., Keernik, H., and Jaagus, J.: Validation of atmospheric reanalyzes over the Central Arctic Ocean in spring and summer 2007, Geophys. Res. Lett., in press, 2012.
22. Kaleschke, L., Maaß, N., Haas, C., Hendricks, S., Heygster, G., and Tonboe, R. T.: A sea-ice thickness retrieval model for 1.4 GHz radiometry and application to airborne measurements over low salinity sea-ice, The Cryosphere, 4, 583-592, doi:10.5194/tc-4-583-2010, 2010.
23. Karvonen, J., M. Simila, M., and Heiler, I.: Ice Thickness Estimation Using SAR Data and Ice Thickness History, Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2003 (IGARSS 03), v. I, 74-76, Toulouse, France, 2003.
24. Karvonen, J., Similä, M., and Mäkynen, M.: Open Water Detection from Baltic Sea Ice RADARSAT-1 SAR Imagery, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, v. 2, n. 3, 275-279, 2005.
25. Karvonen, J., Cheng, B., and Similä, M.: Baltic Sea ice thickness charts based on thermodynamic ice model and SAR data, in: Proc. of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2007 (IGARSS'07), Barcelona, Spain, 23-27 July 2007, 4253-4256, 2007.
26. Karvonen, J., Cheng, B., and Similä, M.: Ice thickness charts produced by C-band SAR imagery and HIGHTSI thermodynamic ice model, in: Proc. of the Sixth Workshop on Baltic Sea Ice Climate, Lammi, Finland, 25-28 August 2008, 71-81, 2008.
27. Karvonen, J.: A Comparison of Two C-Band SAR Ice/Open Water Algorithms, Proc. ESA SeaSAR 2010 workshop, Frascati, Italy, ESA SP-679, 2010.
28. Karvonen, J.: Operational SAR-based sea ice drift monitoring over the Baltic Sea, Ocean Sci., 8, 473-483, doi:10.5194/os-8-473- 2012, 2012a.
29. Karvonen, J.: NMF and NTF for sea ice SAR feature extraction and classification, in: Signal and Image Processing for Remote Sensing, 2nd edition, edited by: Chen, C. H., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. USA, 117-128, 2012b.
30. Karvonen, J.: Baltic Sea Ice Concentration Estimation Based on C-Band HH-Polarized SAR Data, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2209199, in press, 2012c.
31. Kasapoglu, N. G.: Synthetic aperture radar data assimilation for sea ice analysis Proc. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2011 (IGARSS'11), 4435-4438, 2011.
32. Kwok, R.: The RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System, in: Analysis of SAR Data of the Polar Oceans, edited by: Tsatsoulis, C. and Kwok, R., 235-257, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998.
33. Launiainen, J. and Cheng, B.: Modeling of ice thermodynamics in natural water Bodies, Cold Reg. Sci Technol., 27, 153-178, 1998.
34. Lindsaya R. W., Zhangb J., and Rothrockb D. A.: Sea-ice deformation rates from satellite measurements and in a model, Atmos.- Ocean, 41, 35-47, 2002.
35. Liu, J., Zhang, Z., Inoue, J., and Horton, R. M.: Evaluation of snow/ice albedo parametrization and their impacts on sea ice simulations, Int. J. Climatol., 27, 81-91, 2007.
36. Luo, Y., Wu, H., Zhang, Y., Sun, C., and Lu, Y.: Application of the HY-1 satellite to sea ice monitoring and forecasting, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 23, 251-266, 2004.
37. MacQueen, J. B.: Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations, in: Proceedings of 5th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Berkeley, CA, USA, 12 June-18 July 1965, 27 December 1965-7 January 1966, University of California Press, 281-297, 1967.
38. Mäkynen, M. and Hallikainen, M.: Investigation of C- and X-band backscattering of Baltic Sea ice, Int. J. Remote Sens., 25, 2061- 2086, 2004.
39. Mäkynen, M., Manninen, T., Similä, M., Karvonen, J., and Hallikainen, M.: Incidence angle dependence of the statistical properties of the C-Band HH-polarization backscattering signatures of the Baltic Sea ice, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 40, 2593-2605, 2002.
40. Mäkynen, M., Similä, M., and Cheng, B.: On level ice thickness retrieval in the Kara Sea using MODIS and ENVISAT ASAR data, in: Proc. of ESA Living Planet Symposium 2010, Bergen, Norway, 28 June-2 July 2010, CD ESA SP-686, 2010.
41. Mäkynen, M., Cheng, B., and Similä, M.: On the accuracy of the thin ice thickness retrieval using MODIS thermal imagery over the Arctic first year ice, Ann. Glaciol., accepted, 2012.
42. Maykut, G. A. and Untersteiner, N.: Some results from a timedependent thermodynamic model of sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 1550-1575, 1971.
43. Ojala, T., Pietikäinen, M., and Harwood, D.: A comparative study of texture measures with classification based on feature distributions, Pattern Recogn., 29, 51-59, 1996.
44. Pfaffling, A., Haas, C., and Reid, J. E.: Key characteristics of helicopter electromagnetic sea ice thickness mapping resolution, accuracy and footprint, in: Proc. of the workshop Arctic Sea Ice Thickness: Past, Present and Future 2005, Rungstedgaard, Denmark, 8-9 November 2005, edited by: Wadhams, P. and Amanatidis, G., 46-56, ISBN 92-79-02803-EPS, 2006.
45. Pringle, D. J., Eicken, H., Trodahl, H. J., and Backstrom, L. G. E.: Thermal conductivity of landfast Antarctic and Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C04017, doi:10.1029/2006JC003641, 2007.
46. Prinsenberg, S. J., Holladay, S., and Lee, J.: Measuring ice thickness with EISFlow, a fixed-mounted helicopter electromagnetic-laser system, Int. Offshore Polar E., 1, 737-740, 2002.
47. Prinsenberg, S. J., van der Baaren, A., and Peterson, I. K.: Ice Ridging and Ice Drift in Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada During winter Storms, Ann. Glaciol., 40, 411-417, 2006.
48. Sandven, S. and Johannesen, O. M.: Sea ice monitoring by remote sensing, in: Manual of Remote Sensing: Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment, edited by: Gower, J. F. R., 3rd edn., Bethesda, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, v. 6, 241-283, 2006.
49. Scheuchl, B., Flett, D., Caves, R., and Cumming, I.: Potential of RADARSAT-2 data for operational sea ice monitoring, Can. J. Remote Sens., 30, 448-461, 2004.
50. Semmler, T., Cheng, B., Yang, Y., and Rontu, L.: Snow and ice on Bear Lake (Alaska) - sensitivity experiments with two lake ice models, Tellus A, 64, 17339, doi:10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.17339, 2012.
51. Shokr, M.: Compilation of a radar backscatter database of sea ice types and open water using operational analysis of ice regimes, Can. J. Remote Sens., 35, 369-384, 2009.
52. Tietäväinen, H. and Vihma, T.: Atmospheric moisture budget over Antarctica and Southern Ocean on the basis of ERA-40 reanalysis, Int. J. Climatol., 28, 1977-1995, doi:10.1002/joc.1684, 2008.
53. Thomas, M., Geiger, C., and Kambhamettu, C.: Discontinuous Non- Rigid Motion Analysis of Sea Ice using C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite Imagery, IEEE Workshop on Articulated and Nonrigid Motion (ANM, In conjunction with CVPR'04), available at: http://vims.cis.udel.edu/publications/anm-thomas. pdf (last access: May 2012), 2004.
54. Vihma, T., Uotila, J., Cheng, B., and Launiainen, J.: Surface heat budget over the Weddell Sea: buoy results and comparisons with large-scale models, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3013, doi:10.1029/2000JC000372, 2002.
55. Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F.: A global self-consistent, hierarchical, high-resolution shoreline database, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8741-8743, 1996.
56. Yang, Y., Leppäranta, M., Cheng, B., and Li, Z.: Numerical modelling of snow and ice thickness in Lake Vanajavesi, Finland, Tellus A, 64, 17202, doi:10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.17202, 2012.
57. Yu, Y. and Rothrock, D. A.: Thin ice thickness from satellite thermal imagery, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 25753-25766, 1996.