Open water detection from baltic sea ice Radarsat-1 SAR imagery

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 275-279

  Karvonen, Juha ^a   Similä, Markku ^a   Mäkynen, Marko ^b  

^a FINNISH INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Finland)

^b AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

Author keywords

Autocorrelation; Baltic sea ice; Open water; Radarsat 1; Synthetic aperture radar (SAR)

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; OCEANOGRAPHY; REMOTE SENSING; SEA ICE; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR; WATER;

AUTOCORRELATION; BALTIC SEA ICE; OPEN WATER; RADARSAT-1;

IMAGING SYSTEMS;

EID: 27744451261     PISSN: 1545598X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2005.847930     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. M. Similä, "SAR image segmentation by a two-scale contextual classifier," in Proc. SPIE Conf. Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing, vol. 2315, J. Desachy, Ed., 1994, pp. 434-443.
2. K. Hasselmann, R. K. Raney, W. J. Plant, R. A. Schuchman, D. R. Lyzenga, C. L. Rufenach, and M. J. Tucker, "Theory of synthetic aperture ocean imaging. A MARSEN view," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 90, pp. 4659-4686, 1985.
3. H. Pettersson, "Aaltohavaintoja Suomenlahdelta. Suuntamittauksia 1990-1994, Directional wave statistics from the Gulf of Finland 1990-1994 (English summary)," Marine Environ. Res. Inst., Blue Hill, ME, Rep. 44, Report Series of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 2001.
4. A. Carlström and L. M. H. Ulander, "Validation of backscatter models for level and deformed sea ice in ERS-1 SAR images," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 16, no. 17, pp. 3245-3266, 1995.
5. F. M. Fetterer, D. Gineris, and R. Kwok, "Sea ice type maps from Alaska synthetic aperture radar facility imagery: An assessment," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 99, no. C11, pp. 22443-22458, 1994.
6. K. Steffen and J. Heinrichs, "Feasibility of sea ice typing with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) merging of Landsat Thematic Mapper and ERS 1 SAR satellite imagery," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 99, no. C11, pp. 22413-22424, 1994.
7. R. Kwok and G. F. Cunningham, "Backscatter characteristics of the winter ice cover of the Beaufort sea," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 99, no. C4, pp. 7787-7802, 1994.
8. D. M. Smith, E. C. Barrett, and J. C. Scott, "Sea ice type classification from ERS-1 SAR data, based on grey level and texture information," Polar Rec., vol. 31, no. 177, pp. 135-146, 1995.
9. M. E. Shokr, R. Jessup, and B. Ramsay, "An interactive algorithm for derivation of sea ice classifications and concentrations from SAR images," Can. J. Remote Sens., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 70-79.
10. D. G. Barber and E. F. LeDrew, "SAR sea ice discrimination using texture statistics: A multivariate approach," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 385-395, 1991.
11. D. G. Barber, M. E. Shokr, R. A. Fernandez, E. D. Soulis, D. G. Flett, and E. F. LeDrew, "A comparison of second order classifiers for SAR sea ice discrimination," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 1397-1408, 1993.
12. J. A. Nystuen and F. W. Garcia, "Sea ice classification using SAR backscatter statistics," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 502-509, May 1992.
13. M. E. Shokr, "Evaluation of second order texture parameters for sea ice classification from radar images," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 96, no. C6, pp. 10625-10640, 1991.
14. S. T. Dokken, B. Hkansson, and J. Askne, "Inter-comparison of arctic sea ice concentration using RADARSAT, ERS, SSM/I and in-situ data," Can. J. Remote Sens., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 521-536, 2000.
15. M. Lundin, "Remote sensing of snow covered sea ice in brackish water-Investigations from the Baltic Sea," Dept. Radio and Space Science, Chalmers Univ. Technol., Göteborg, Sweden, M.Sc. licentiate thesis, Tech. Rep. 395L, 2001.
16. M. Lundhaug, "ERS SAR studies of sea ice signatures in the Pechora sea and Kara sea region," Can. J. Remote Sens., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 114-127, 2002.
17. R. S. Gill, "SAR ice classification using fuzzy screening method," presented at the Workshop on SAR Polarimetry and Polarimetric Interferometry, Frascati, Italy, 2003.
18. L. Kaleschke and S. Kern, "ERS-2 SAR image analysis for sea ice classification in the marginal ice zone," in Proc. IGARSS, 2002, pp. 3038-3040.
19. D. Haverkamp, L.-K. Soh, and C. Tsatsoulis, "A comprehensive automated approach to determining sea ice thickness from SAR data," IEEE Trans. Geoscl. Remote Sens., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 46-57, Jan. 1995.
20. "ARKTOS: An intelligent system for SAR sea ice image classification," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. Jan., pp. 229-248, 2004.
21. M. Mäkynen, T. Manninen, M. Similä, J. Karvonen, and M. Hallikainen, "Incidence angle dependence of the statistical properties of C-band HH-polarization backscattering signatures of the Baltic sea ice," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 2593-2605, Dec. 2002.
22. J. Karvonen, M. Similä, and M. Mäkynen, "An iterative incidence angle normalization algorithm for sea ice SAR images," in Proc. IEEE IGARSS, vol. 3, 2002, pp. 1524-1527.
23. J. Karvonen, "Baltic sea ice SAR segmentation and classification using modified pulse coupled neural networks," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1566-1574, Jul. 2004.
24. A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, and D. B. Rubin, "Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm," J. R. Statist. Soc., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1-38, 1977.