Exploring the limits of the EU charter of fundamental rights

European Constitutional Law Review

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 375-403

  Lenaerts, Koen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Court of Justice of the European Union; European Convention on Human Rights; Fundamental rights; Keywords Charter of Fundamental Rights

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871073440     PISSN: 15740196     EISSN: 17445515     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1574019612000260     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. See generally J. Kokott and C. Sobotta, 'The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union after Lisbon', EUI Working Papers, Academy of European Law (2010) No. 2010/06, Distinguished Lectures of the Academy, available at: ;
2. D. Denman, 'The Charter of Fundamental Rights', 4 E.H.R.L.R. (2010) p. 349;
3. X. Groussot and L. Pech, 'Fundamental Rights Protection in the European Union Post Lisbon Treaty', Foundation Robert Schuman - Policy Paper, No. 173 (2010), available at: .
4. See P. Eeckhout, 'The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Federal Question', 39 CML Rev. (2002) p. 951;
5. L.S. Rossi, 'How Fundamental Are Fundamental Rights? Primacy and Fundamental Rights after Lisbon', 27 YEL (2008) p. 77.
6. See A. Knook, 'The Court, the Charter, and the Vertical Division of Powers in the European Union', 42 CML Rev. (2005) p. 367.
7. K. Lenaerts and J. Gutiérrez-Fons, 'The Constitutional Allocation of Powers and General Principles of EU Law', 47 CML Rev (2010) p. 1629, at 1656 et seq.
8. T. Tridimas, The General Principles of EU Law, 2nd edn. (OUP 2006) at p. 613.
9. G. De Búrca, 'The Drafting of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights', 26 EL Rev. (2001) p. 126, at p. 137.
10. Lord P. Goldsmith, 'A Charter of Rights, Freedoms and Principles', 38 CML Rev. (2001) p. 1201, at p. 1205.
11. F. Jacobs, 'Human Rights in the European Union: The Role of the Court of Justice', 26 EL Rev. (2001) p. 331.
12. M. Dougan, 'The Treaty of Lisbon 2007: Winning Minds, not Hearts', 45 CML Rev. (2008) p. 617, at p. 664-665.
13. J. Weiler, Editorial: Does the European Union Truly Need a Charter of Rights?, 6 E.L.J. (2000) p. 95.
14. See generally C. Ovey and R. White, Jacobs and White, The European Convention on Human Rights, 4th edn. (OUP 2006) at p. 6 et seq.
15. See L. Burgorgue-Larsen, « L'article II-112 », in L. Burgorgue-Larsen et al. (eds.), Traité établissant une Constitution pour l'Europe. L'architecture constitutionnelle, Partie II - La Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union, Commentaire article par article (Bruylant 2005) at p. 658.
16. See also Réseau UE d'experts indépendants en matière de droits fondamentaux, « The Commentary of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union», 20 June 2006 ('Commentaire du REIDF'), at p. 397, .
17. see C. Barnard, 'Derogations, Justifications and the Four Freedoms', in C. Barnard and O. Odudu (eds.), The Outer Limits of European Union Law (Hart Publishing 2009) at p. 245 et seq.
18. For a discussion on the conflict between rights, see E. Brems (ed.), Conflicts between Fundamental Rights (Intersentia 2008).
19. See O. De Schutter and F. Tulkens, 'Rights in Conflict: The European Court of Human Rights as a Pragmatic Institution', in Brems (ed.), supra n. 94, at p. 179 et seq.
20. See, e.g., R. Alonso Garcia, 'The General Provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union', 8 ELJ (2002) p. 492, at p. 513.
21. J. Bering Liisberg, 'Does the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Threaten the Supremacy of Community Law?', 38 CML Rev. (2001) p. 1171, at p. 1198
22. Besselink, 'The Member States, the National Constitutions and the Scope of the Charter', 1 MJ (2001) p. 68.
23. L. Azoulai, 'L'article II-113', in Burgorgue-Larsen, supra n. 69, at p. 689.
24. See, e.g., N. Walker, 'The Idea of Constitutional Pluralism', 65 Modern Law Review (2002) p. 317;
25. M. Poiares Maduro, 'Contrapunctual Law: Europe's Constitutional Pluralism in Action', in N. Walker (ed.), Sovereignty in Transition (Hart Publishing 2003) p. 501 et seq.;
26. M. Kumm, 'Who Is the Final Arbiter of Constitutionality in Europe', 36 CML Rev. (1999) p. 356;
27. J. Komárek, 'European Constitutional Pluralism and the European Arrest Warrant: Contrapunctual Principles in Disharmony', 44 CML Rev. (2007) p. 9.
28. M. Avbelj and J. Komarek (eds.), 'Four Visions of Constitutional Pluralism', 21 EUI Law Working Papers (2008), .
29. See also D. Ashiagbo, 'Economic and Social Rights in the European Charter of Fundamental Rights', 1 E.H.R.L.R. (2004) p. 62, at p. 71.
30. O. De Schutter, 'Les droits et principes sociaux dans la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne', in J.Y. Carlier and O, De Schutter (eds.), La Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne (Bruylant 2002) p. 117, at 112.
31. J. Ziller, 'Le fabuleux destin des Explications relatives à la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne', in Chemins d'Europe: Mélanges en l'honneur de Jean-Paul Jacqué (Dalloz 2010) p. 765.