메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 610-617

Modifiable comorbidities and disability in multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

Chronic illness; Clinical care; Clinical trials; Comorbid; Diabetes; Hypertension; Multiple sclerosis; Obesity; Smoking

Indexed keywords

ADULTHOOD; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISABILITY; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LIFESPAN; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; OBESITY; PATIENT COUNSELING; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SMOKING;

EID: 84870548179     PISSN: 15284042     EISSN: 15346293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-012-0293-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0028258794 scopus 로고
    • How many people in the world have multiple sclerosis?
    • Dean G. How many people in the world have multiple sclerosis? Neuroepidemiology. 1994;13:1-7. (Pubitemid 24107445)
    • (1994) Neuroepidemiology , vol.13 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-7
    • Dean, G.1
  • 2
    • 0029979038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70257-7
    • Weinshenker BG. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clin. 1996;14:291-308. (Pubitemid 26157423)
    • (1996) Neurologic Clinics , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-308
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1
  • 3
    • 17144473390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of multiple sclerosis
    • Ebers GC. Natural history of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001;71 Suppl 2:16-9.
    • (2001) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. , vol.71 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 16-19
    • Ebers, G.C.1
  • 5
    • 79960147043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between comorbidity and clinical characteristics of MS
    • Marrie RA, Horwitz RI, Cutter G, et al. Association between comorbidity and clinical characteristics of MS. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011;124:135-41.
    • (2011) Acta Neurol Scand. , vol.124 , pp. 135-141
    • Marrie, R.A.1    Horwitz, R.I.2    Cutter, G.3
  • 6
    • 77955312194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging effects of comorbidities on multiple sclerosis
    • The authors broadly identify which comorbidities occur in patients with MS, which are most common, and whether they occur with greater or less frequency than in the general population. They found that an increasing amount of evidence suggests that comorbidities and lifestyle factors might affect the diagnostic delay between MS onset and diagnosis, the clinical phenotype of MS, disability progression, health-related quality of life, and treatment decisions. Further research is needed to answer many questions about comorbidities associated with MS, including the best way to measure and analyze comorbidities to understand these associations
    • Marrie RA, Horwitz RI. Emerging effects of comorbidities on multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:820-8. The authors broadly identify which comorbidities occur in patients with MS, which are most common, and whether they occur with greater or less frequency than in the general population. They found that an increasing amount of evidence suggests that comorbidities and lifestyle factors might affect the diagnostic delay between MS onset and diagnosis, the clinical phenotype of MS, disability progression, health-related quality of life, and treatment decisions. Further research is needed to answer many questions about comorbidities associated with MS, including the best way to measure and analyze comorbidities to understand these associations.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol. , vol.9 , pp. 820-828
    • Marrie, R.A.1    Horwitz, R.I.2
  • 7
    • 77950209814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular comorbidity is associated with more rapid disability progression in multiple sclerosis
    • The authors discussed the results of the October 2006 NARCOMS Registry survey on comorbidities, including the year of diagnosis. They linked this information to demographic and clinical information related to MS disability progression. They demonstrated that the presence of vascular comorbidities led to more rapid disability progression and the need for assistive walking devices
    • Marrie RA, Rudick R, Horwitz R, et al. Vascular comorbidity is associated with more rapid disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2010;74:1041-7. The authors discussed the results of the October 2006 NARCOMS Registry survey on comorbidities, including the year of diagnosis. They linked this information to demographic and clinical information related to MS disability progression. They demonstrated that the presence of vascular comorbidities led to more rapid disability progression and the need for assistive walking devices.
    • (2010) Neurology. , vol.74 , pp. 1041-1047
    • Marrie, R.A.1    Rudick, R.2    Horwitz, R.3
  • 8
    • 67449099097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and cognitive function
    • Obisesan TO. Hypertension and cognitive function. Clin Geriatr Med. 2009;25:259-88.
    • (2009) Clin Geriatr Med. , vol.25 , pp. 259-288
    • Obisesan, T.O.1
  • 10
    • 0028772623 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of disability and associated health conditions, US 1991-1992
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of disability and associated health conditions, US 1991-1992. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994;40:730-9.
    • (1994) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. , vol.40 , pp. 730-739
  • 11
    • 79952569855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High blood pressure accelerates gait slowing in well-functioning older adults over 18-years of follow-up
    • Rosano C, Longstreth Jr WT, Boudreau R, et al. High blood pressure accelerates gait slowing in well-functioning older adults over 18-years of follow-up. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:390-7.
    • (2011) J Am Geriatr Soc. , vol.59 , pp. 390-397
    • Rosano, C.1    Longstreth Jr., W.T.2    Boudreau, R.3
  • 12
    • 79952443633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension, white matter hyperintensities, and concurrent impairments in mobility, cognition, and mood: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Hajjar I, Quach L, Yang F, et al. Hypertension, white matter hyperintensities, and concurrent impairments in mobility, cognition, and mood: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation. 2011;123:858-65.
    • (2011) Circulation. , vol.123 , pp. 858-865
    • Hajjar, I.1    Quach, L.2    Yang, F.3
  • 13
    • 77955797110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbidities amongst patients with multiple sclerosis: A population-based controlled study
    • Kang JH, Chen YH, Lin HC. Comorbidities amongst patients with multiple sclerosis: a population-based controlled study. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17:1215-9.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol. , vol.17 , pp. 1215-1219
    • Kang, J.H.1    Chen, Y.H.2    Lin, H.C.3
  • 14
    • 82555171607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantial adverse association of visual and vascular comorbidities on visual disability in multiple sclerosis
    • Marrie RA, Cutter G, Tyry T. Substantial adverse association of visual and vascular comorbidities on visual disability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2011;17:1464-71.
    • (2011) Mult Scler. , vol.17 , pp. 1464-1471
    • Marrie, R.A.1    Cutter, G.2    Tyry, T.3
  • 15
    • 64349089153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of comorbidity on the course of physical functioning in patients after stroke and with multiple sclerosis
    • Dallmeijer AJ, Beckerman H, de Groot V, et al. Long-term effect of comorbidity on the course of physical functioning in patients after stroke and with multiple sclerosis. J Rehabil Med. 2009;41:322-6.
    • (2009) J Rehabil Med. , vol.41 , pp. 322-326
    • Dallmeijer, A.J.1    Beckerman, H.2    De Groot, V.3
  • 16
    • 84858285442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular dysfunction and physical activity in multiple sclerosis
    • Ranadive SM, Yan H, Weikert M, et al. Vascular dysfunction and physical activity in multiple sclerosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44:238-43.
    • (2012) Med Sci Sports Exerc. , vol.44 , pp. 238-243
    • Ranadive, S.M.1    Yan, H.2    Weikert, M.3
  • 17
    • 84857666517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular function and multiple sclerosis
    • Fjeldstad AS, McDaniel J, Witman MA, et al. Vascular function and multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2011;258:2036-42.
    • (2011) J Neurol. , vol.258 , pp. 2036-2042
    • Fjeldstad, A.S.1    McDaniel, J.2    Witman, M.A.3
  • 18
    • 79959936188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National regional and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: Systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2.7 million participants
    • Danaei G, Finucane MM, Lu Y, et al. National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2.7 million participants. Lancet. 2011;378:31-40.
    • (2011) Lancet. , vol.378 , pp. 31-40
    • Danaei, G.1    Finucane, M.M.2    Lu, Y.3
  • 22
    • 0242332258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis: Together at last [7]
    • DOI 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3192
    • Dorman JS, Steenkiste AR, Burke JP, Songini M. Type 1 diabetes andmultiple sclerosis: together at last. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3192-3. (Pubitemid 37339527)
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 3192-3193
    • Dorman, J.S.1    Steenkiste, A.R.2    Burke, J.P.3    Songini, M.4
  • 23
    • 33646846157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance, inflammation, and cognition in Alzheimer's Disease: Lessons for multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jns.2005.08.017, PII S0022510X06000955
    • Watson GS, Craft S. Insulin resistance, inflammation, and cognition in Alzheimer's disease: lessons for multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2006;245:21-33. (Pubitemid 43775944)
    • (2006) Journal of the Neurological Sciences , vol.245 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 21-33
    • Watson, G.S.1    Craft, S.2
  • 25
    • 74549140993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008
    • Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010;303:235-41.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , pp. 235-241
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Carroll, M.D.2    Ogden, C.L.3    Curtin, L.R.4
  • 26
    • 0028845877 scopus 로고
    • Leptin levels in human and rodent: Measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects
    • Maffei M, Halaas J, Ravussin E, et al. Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nat Med. 1995;1:1155-61.
    • (1995) Nat Med. , vol.1 , pp. 1155-1161
    • Maffei, M.1    Halaas, J.2    Ravussin, E.3
  • 27
    • 17044381726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin increase inmultiple sclerosis associates with reduced number of CD4(+)CD25+ regulatory T cells
    • Matarese G, Carrieri PB, La Cava A, et al. Leptin increase inmultiple sclerosis associates with reduced number of CD4(+)CD25+ regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:5150-5.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. , vol.102 , pp. 5150-5155
    • Matarese, G.1    Carrieri, P.B.2    La Cava, A.3
  • 30
    • 0037436119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell-mediated suppression by dendritic cells
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1078231
    • Pasare C, Medzhitov R. Toll pathway-dependent blockade of CD4+ CD25+ T cell-mediated suppression by dendritic cells. Science. 2003;299:1033-6. (Pubitemid 36222922)
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , Issue.5609 , pp. 1033-1036
    • Pasare, C.1    Medzhitov, R.2
  • 31
    • 72049092916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size and risk of MS in two cohorts of US women
    • Munger KL, Chitnis T, Ascherio A. Body size and risk of MS in two cohorts of US women. Neurology. 2009;73:1543-50.
    • (2009) Neurology. , vol.73 , pp. 1543-1550
    • Munger, K.L.1    Chitnis, T.2    Ascherio, A.3
  • 32
    • 59649084684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of overweight and obesity in veterans with multiple sclerosis
    • Khurana SR, Bamer AM, Turner AP, et al. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in veterans with multiple sclerosis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;88:83-91.
    • (2009) Am J Phys Med Rehabil. , vol.88 , pp. 83-91
    • Khurana, S.R.1    Bamer, A.M.2    Turner, A.P.3
  • 33
    • 33749616411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The medical complications of obesity
    • DOI 10.1093/qjmed/hcl085
    • Malnick SD, Knobler H. The medical complications of obesity. QJM. 2006;99:565-79. (Pubitemid 44540533)
    • (2006) QJM , vol.99 , Issue.9 , pp. 565-579
    • Malnick, S.D.H.1    Knobler, H.2
  • 35
    • 58149087356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High frequency of adverse health behaviors in multiple sclerosis
    • Marrie R, Horwitz R, Cutter G, et al. High frequency of adverse health behaviors in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2009;15:105-13.
    • (2009) Mult Scler. , vol.15 , pp. 105-113
    • Marrie, R.1    Horwitz, R.2    Cutter, G.3
  • 36
    • 16544395476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis and alcohol: A study of problem drinking
    • DOI 10.1191/1352458504ms992oa
    • Quesnel S, Feinstein A. Multiple sclerosis and alcohol: a study of problem drinking. Mult Scler. 2004;10:197-201. (Pubitemid 38499914)
    • (2004) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-201
    • Quesnel, S.1    Feinstein, A.2
  • 38
    • 30744456510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis and lifestyle factors: The Hordaland Health Study
    • DOI 10.1007/s10072-005-0498-2
    • Nortvedt MW, Riise T, Maeland JG. Multiple sclerosis and lifestyle factors: the Hordaland Health Study. Neurol Sci. 2005;26:334-9. (Pubitemid 43091343)
    • (2005) Neurological Sciences , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 334-339
    • Nortvedt, M.W.1    Riise, T.2    Maeland, J.G.3
  • 39
    • 22144449807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.: Department of Health and Human Services
    • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. State of the science report on the effects of moderate drinking: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2003.
    • (2003) State of the Science Report on the Effects of Moderate Drinking
  • 41
    • 0035153717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Average volume of alcohol consumption, patterns of drinking, and all-cause mortality: Results from the US national alcohol survey
    • DOI 10.1093/aje/153.1.64
    • Rehm J, Greenfield TK, Rogers JD. Average volume of alcohol consumption, patterns of drinking, and all-causemortality: results from the US National Alcohol Survey. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153:64-71. (Pubitemid 32041898)
    • (2001) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.153 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-71
    • Rehm, J.1    Greenfield, T.K.2    Rogers, J.D.3
  • 43
    • 0037056374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of suicidal intent in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Feinstein A. An examination of suicidal intent in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2002;59:674-8.
    • (2002) Neurology. , vol.59 , pp. 674-678
    • Feinstein, A.1
  • 44
    • 0032919340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of multiple sclerosis in Northern California
    • Goodin DS. Survey of multiple sclerosis in northern California. Northern California MS Study Group. Mult Scler. 1999;5:78-88. (Pubitemid 29186824)
    • (1999) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 78-88
    • Goodin, D.S.1
  • 45
    • 77955017653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modifiable factors influencing relapses and disability in multiple sclerosis
    • D'Hooghe MB, Nagels G, Bissay V, De Keyser J. Modifiable factors influencing relapses and disability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2010;16:773-85.
    • (2010) Mult Scler. , vol.16 , pp. 773-785
    • D'Hooghe, M.B.1    Nagels, G.2    Bissay, V.3    De Keyser, J.4
  • 46
    • 84858332372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol, coffee, fish, smoking and disease progression in multiple sclerosis
    • D'Hooghe MB, Haentjens P, Nagels G, De Keyser J. Alcohol, coffee, fish, smoking and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19:616-24.
    • (2012) Eur J Neurol. , vol.19 , pp. 616-624
    • D'Hooghe, M.B.1    Haentjens, P.2    Nagels, G.3    De Keyser, J.4
  • 47
    • 16444380218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do poor health behaviors affect health-related quality of life and healthcare utilization among veterans? The Veterans Health Study
    • Borzecki AM, Lee A, Kalman D, Kazis LE. Do poor health behaviors affect health-related quality of life and healthcare utilization among veterans? The Veterans Health Study. J Ambul Care Manage. 2005;28:141-56. (Pubitemid 40478364)
    • (2005) Journal of Ambulatory Care Management , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-156
    • Borzecki, A.M.1    Lee, A.2    Kalman, D.3    Kazis, L.E.4
  • 49
    • 0031906467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive functioning in sober social drinkers: A review of the research since 1986
    • Parsons OA, Nixon SJ. Cognitive functioning in sober social drinkers: a review of the research since 1986. J Stud Alcohol. 1998;59:180-90. (Pubitemid 28106606)
    • (1998) Journal of Studies on Alcohol , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 180-190
    • Parsons, O.A.1    Nixon, S.J.2
  • 51
    • 0030250773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a low alcohol dose on static balance, fine motor activity, and mental performance
    • DOI 10.1016/0892-0362(96)00063-3
    • Mangold S, Laubli T, Krueger H. Effects of a low alcohol dose on static balance, fine motor activity, and mental performance. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1996;18:547-54. (Pubitemid 26346100)
    • (1996) Neurotoxicology and Teratology , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 547-554
    • Mangold, S.1    Laubli, T.2    Krueger, H.3
  • 52
    • 33745661015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological profile of acute alcohol intoxication during ascending and descending blood alcohol concentrations
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.npp.1300941, PII 1300941
    • Schweizer TA, Vogel-Sprott M, Danckert J, et al. Neuropsychological profile of acute alcohol intoxication during ascending and descending blood alcohol concentrations. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31:1301-9. (Pubitemid 43971846)
    • (2006) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 1301-1309
    • Schweizer, T.A.1    Vogel-Sprott, M.2    Danckert, J.3    Roy, E.A.4    Skakum, A.5    Broderick, C.E.6
  • 53
    • 0027022416 scopus 로고
    • Psychomotor and visual performance under the time-course effect of alcohol
    • Wang MQ, Taylor-Nicholson ME, Airhihenbuwa CO, et al. Psychomotor and visual performance under the time-course effect of alcohol. Percept Mot Skills. 1992;75:1095-106.
    • (1992) Percept Mot Skills. , vol.75 , pp. 1095-1106
    • Wang, M.Q.1    Taylor-Nicholson, M.E.2    Airhihenbuwa, C.O.3
  • 54
    • 80052758020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vital signs: Current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years-United States, 2005-2010
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years -United States, 2005-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60:1207-12.
    • (2011) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. , vol.60 , pp. 1207-1212
  • 55
    • 84870507052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Health Consequences Of Smoking: A Report Of The Surgeon General. Washington DC: Dept. Of Health And Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004
    • The health consequences of smoking: a report of the Surgeon General. Washington DC: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004.
  • 56
    • 67650466194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and disease progression in multiple sclerosis
    • Healy BC, Ali EN, Guttmann CR, et al. Smoking and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2009;66:858-64.
    • (2009) Arch Neurol. , vol.66 , pp. 858-864
    • Healy, B.C.1    Ali, E.N.2    Guttmann, C.R.3
  • 57
    • 70349305736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco smoking, but not Swedish snuff use, increases the risk of multiple sclerosis
    • Hedstrom AK, Baarnhielm M, Olsson T, Alfredsson L. Tobacco smoking, but not Swedish snuff use, increases the risk of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2009;73:696-701.
    • (2009) Neurology. , vol.73 , pp. 696-701
    • Hedstrom, A.K.1    Baarnhielm, M.2    Olsson, T.3    Alfredsson, L.4
  • 58
    • 35448996352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking among veterans with multiple sclerosis: Prevalence correlates, quit attempts, and unmet need for services
    • DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.003, PII S0003999307013408
    • Turner AP, Kivlahan DR, Kazis LE, Haselkorn JK. Smoking among veterans with multiple sclerosis: prevalence correlates, quit attempts, and unmet need for services. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:1394-9. (Pubitemid 47625317)
    • (2007) Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , vol.88 , Issue.11 , pp. 1394-1399
    • Turner, A.P.1    Kivlahan, D.R.2    Kazis, L.E.3    Haselkorn, J.K.4
  • 59
    • 0000032770 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic study of multiple sclerosis in Israel: I. An overall review of methods and findings
    • Antonovsky A, Leibowitz U, Smith HA, et al. Epidemiologic study of multiple sclerosis in Israel: I. An overall review of methods and findings. Arch Neurol. 1965;13:183-93.
    • (1965) Arch Neurol. , vol.13 , pp. 183-193
    • Antonovsky, A.1    Leibowitz, U.2    Smith, H.A.3
  • 60
    • 0027479610 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and reproductive factors in multiple sclerosis incidence
    • DOI 10.1016/0010-7824(93)90088-O
    • Villard-Mackintosh L, Vessey MP. Oral contraceptives and reproductive factors in multiple sclerosis incidence. Contraception. 1993;47:161-8. (Pubitemid 23062255)
    • (1993) Contraception , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-168
    • Villard-Mackintosh, L.1    Vessey, M.P.2
  • 62
    • 0035400165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and incidence of multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1093/aje/154.1.69
    • Hernan MA, Olek MJ, Ascherio A. Cigarette smoking and incidence of multiple sclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154:69-74. (Pubitemid 32565688)
    • (2001) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.154 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-74
    • Hernan, M.A.1    Olek, M.J.2    Ascherio, A.3
  • 63
    • 77954717701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking, use of moist snuff, and risk of chronic inflammatory diseases
    • Carlens C, Hergens MP, Grunewald J, et al. Smoking, use of moist snuff, and risk of chronic inflammatory diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:1217-22.
    • (2010) Am J Respir Crit Care Med. , vol.181 , pp. 1217-1222
    • Carlens, C.1    Hergens, M.P.2    Grunewald, J.3
  • 66
    • 0345327729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis
    • Riise T, Nortvedt MW, Ascherio A. Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2003;61:1122-4. (Pubitemid 37461949)
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , Issue.8 , pp. 1122-1124
    • Riise, T.1    Nortvedt, M.W.2    Ascherio, A.3
  • 67
    • 79251559434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and multiple sclerosis: An updated meta-analysis
    • Handel AE, Williamson AJ, Disanto G, et al. Smoking and multiple sclerosis: an updated meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011;6:e16149.
    • (2011) PLoS One. , vol.6
    • Handel, A.E.1    Williamson, A.J.2    Disanto, G.3
  • 68
    • 34250672398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis: A metanalysis
    • DOI 10.1177/1352458506073501
    • Hawkes CH. Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis: a metanalysis. Mult Scler. 2007;13:610-5. (Pubitemid 46939526)
    • (2007) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 610-615
    • Hawkes, C.H.1
  • 69
    • 79959497749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis
    • Hedstrom AK, Baarnhielm M, Olsson T, Alfredsson L. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2011;17:788-93.
    • (2011) Mult Scler. , vol.17 , pp. 788-793
    • Hedstrom, A.K.1    Baarnhielm, M.2    Olsson, T.3    Alfredsson, L.4
  • 70
    • 20444495271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and the progression of multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awh471
    • Hernan MA, Jick SS, Logroscino G, et al. Cigarette smoking and the progression of multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2005;128:1461-5. (Pubitemid 40826198)
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , Issue.6 , pp. 1461-1465
    • Hernan, M.A.1    Jick, S.S.2    Logroscino, G.3    Olek, M.J.4    Ascherio, A.5    Jick, H.6
  • 71
    • 67349263039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking is associated with progressive disease course and increased progression in clinical disability in a prospective cohort of people with multiple sclerosis
    • Pittas F, Ponsonby AL, van der Mei IA, et al. Smoking is associated with progressive disease course and increased progression in clinical disability in a prospective cohort of people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2009;256:577-85.
    • (2009) J Neurol. , vol.256 , pp. 577-585
    • Pittas, F.1    Ponsonby, A.L.2    Van Der Mei, I.A.3
  • 72
    • 58149354780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking worsens the prognosis in multiple sclerosis
    • Sundstrom P, Nystrom L. Smoking worsens the prognosis in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2008;14:1031-5.
    • (2008) Mult Scler. , vol.14 , pp. 1031-1035
    • Sundstrom, P.1    Nystrom, L.2
  • 73
    • 69449102477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking is associated with increased lesion volumes and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis
    • Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B, Hashmi K, et al. Smoking is associated with increased lesion volumes and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2009;73:504-10.
    • (2009) Neurology. , vol.73 , pp. 504-510
    • Zivadinov, R.1    Weinstock-Guttman, B.2    Hashmi, K.3
  • 74
    • 35148819256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and progression in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000277658.78381.db, PII 0000611420071009000008
    • Koch M, van Harten A, Uyttenboogaart M, De Keyser J. Cigarette smoking and progression in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2007;69:1515-20. (Pubitemid 47537858)
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , Issue.15 , pp. 1515-1520
    • Koch, M.1    Van Harten, A.2    Uyttenboogaart, M.3    De Keyser, J.4
  • 76
    • 77951728213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined effects of smoking, anti-EBNA antibodies, and HLA-DRB1*1501 on multiple sclerosis risk
    • Simon KC, van der Mei IA, Munger KL, et al. Combined effects of smoking, anti-EBNA antibodies, and HLA-DRB1*1501 on multiple sclerosis risk. Neurology. 2010;74:1365-71.
    • (2010) Neurology. , vol.74 , pp. 1365-1371
    • Simon, K.C.1    Van Der Mei, I.A.2    Munger, K.L.3
  • 77
    • 79952138032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and two human leukocyte antigen genes interact to increase the risk for multiple sclerosis
    • Hedstrom AK, Sundqvist E, Baarnhielm M, et al. Smoking and two human leukocyte antigen genes interact to increase the risk for multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2011;134:653-64. The authors conducted a population-based case-control study involving incident cases of multiple sclerosis in Sweden. Cases and controls were classified according to their smoking status and human leukocyte antigen DRB1, as well as human leukocyte antigen A genotypes. Subjects with different genotypes and smoking habits were compared with regard to incidence of multiple sclerosis. Smokers, nonsmokers with genetic risk factors, and smokers with genetic risk factors had progressively increasing risks of developing MS. The authors assert that the risk of developing MS associated with human leukocyte antigen genotypes may be strongly influenced by smoking status and that priming of the immune response in the lungs may subsequently lead to multiple sclerosis in genetically susceptible people.
    • (2011) Brain. , vol.134 , pp. 653-664
    • Hedstrom, A.K.1    Sundqvist, E.2    Baarnhielm, M.3
  • 78
    • 84860568179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief opportunistic smoking cessation interventions: A systematic review and metaanalysis to compare advice to quit and offer of assistance
    • Aveyard P, Begh R, Parsons A, West R. Brief opportunistic smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review and metaanalysis to compare advice to quit and offer of assistance. Addiction. 2012;107:1066-73. The authors conducted a review of studies examining brief opportunistic physician advice and assistance to stop smoking. Providing advice to quit on medical grounds increased the frequency of quit attempts. Providing support in the form of behavioral counseling or nicotine replacement therapy generated more quit attempts than did advice alone. Intervention increased the likelihood of success from a quit attempt. The authors concluded that physicians may be more effective in promoting attempts to stop smoking by offering assistance to all smokers than by advising smokers to quit and then offering assistance only to those who express an interest in doing so.
    • (2012) Addiction. , vol.107 , pp. 1066-1073
    • Aveyard, P.1    Begh, R.2    Parsons, A.3    West, R.4
  • 79
    • 26644440395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General practitioners' and family physicians' negative beliefs and attitudes towards discussing smoking cessation with patients: A systematic review
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01221.x
    • Vogt F, Hall S, Marteau TM. General practitioners' and family physicians' negative beliefs and attitudes towards discussing smoking cessation with patients: a systematic review. Addiction. 2005;100:1423-31. (Pubitemid 41442312)
    • (2005) Addiction , vol.100 , Issue.10 , pp. 1423-1431
    • Vogt, F.1    Hall, S.2    Marteau, T.M.3
  • 80
    • 1842435151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce risky/harmful alcohol use by adults: A summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Whitlock EP, Polen MR, Green CA, et al. Behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce risky/harmful alcohol use by adults: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:557-68.
    • (2004) Ann Intern Med. , vol.140 , pp. 557-568
    • Whitlock, E.P.1    Polen, M.R.2    Green, C.A.3
  • 81
    • 77957112497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating Tobacco Use And Dependence. Washington DC: US Public Health Service
    • Treating tobacco use and dependence. Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians. Washington, DC: US Public Health Service; 2008.
    • (2008) Quick Reference Guide For Clinicians
  • 82
    • 29444433281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute On Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism. Washington DC: US Public Health Services
    • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Helping patients who drink too much: a clinician's guide. Washington, DC: US Public Health Services; 2005.
    • (2005) Helping Patients Who Drink Too Much: A Clinician's Guide
  • 83
    • 0037048694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving primary care for patients with chronic illness
    • Bodenheimer T, Wagner EH, Grumbach K. Improving primary care for patients with chronic illness. JAMA. 2002;288:1775-9.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 1775-1779
    • Bodenheimer, T.1    Wagner, E.H.2    Grumbach, K.3
  • 85
    • 0029680562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizing care for patients with chronic illness
    • Wagner EH, Austin BT, Von Korff M. Organizing care for patients with chronic illness. Milbank Q. 1996;74:511-44.
    • (1996) Milbank Q. , vol.74 , pp. 511-544
    • Wagner, E.H.1    Austin, B.T.2    Von Korff, M.3
  • 86
    • 0034716578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of patient care teams in chronic disease management
    • Wagner EH. The role of patient care teams in chronic disease management. BMJ. 2000;320:569-72. (Pubitemid 30175806)
    • (2000) British Medical Journal , vol.320 , Issue.7234 , pp. 569-572
    • Wagner, E.H.1
  • 87
    • 55649086638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of telephone counseling for health promotion in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial
    • Bombardier CH, Cunniffe M, Wadhwani R, et al. The efficacy of telephone counseling for health promotion in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:1849-56.
    • (2008) Arch Phys Med Rehabil. , vol.89 , pp. 1849-1856
    • Bombardier, C.H.1    Cunniffe, M.2    Wadhwani, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.