A Social Identity Approach to Person Memory: Group Membership, Collective Identification, and Social Role Shape Attention and Memory

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 38, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 1566-1578

  van Bavel, Jay J ^a   Cunningham, William A ^b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

attention; categorization; identification; intergroup; memory; social identity

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CAUCASIAN; FACE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEMORY; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; ATTENTION; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FACE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; QUESTIONNAIRES; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84870186150     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: 15527433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167212455829     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Ackerman J. M.,Shapiro J. R.,Neuberg S. L.,Kenrick D. T.,Becker D. V.,Griskevicius V.,Schaller M.They all look the same to me (unless they're angry): From out-group homogeneity to out-group heterogeneity.Psychological Science. 2006;17:836-840.
2. Allport G. W.The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1954:.
3. Anderson C.,Kilduff G. J.The pursuit of status in social groups.Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2009;18:295-298.
4. Ashmore R. D.,Deaux K.,McLaughlin-Volpe T.An organizing framework for collective identity: Articulation and significance of multidimensionality.Psychological Bulletin. 2004;130:80-114.
5. Bernstein M. J.,Young S. G.,Hugenberg K.The cross-category effect: Mere social categorization is sufficient to elicit an own-group bias in face recognition.Psychological Science. 2007;18:709-712.
6. Blau P.Exchange and power in social life. New York, NY: Wiley; 1964:.
7. Brewer M. B.In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis.Psychological Bulletin. 1979;86:307-324.
8. Brewer M. B.Advances in social cognition. Srull T.Wyer R., ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988:1-36.
9. Brewer M. B.The social self: On being the same and different at the same time.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1991;19:475-482.
10. Brewer M. B.The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate?.Journal of Social Issues. 1999;55:429-444.
11. Brigham J. C.,Ready D. J.Own-race bias in lineup construction.Law and Human Behavior. 2005;9:415-424.
12. Brown S. L.,Brown R. M.Selective investment theory: Recasting the functional significance of close relationships.Psychological Inquiry. 2006;17:1-29.
13. Cohen J.,Cohen P.,West S. G.,Aiken L. S.Applied regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2003:.
14. Correll J.,Park B.A model of the ingroup as a social resource.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2005;9:341-359.
15. Crisp R. J.,Hewstone M.Advances in experimental social psychology. Zanna M. P., ed. Orlando, FL: Academic Press; 2007:163-254.
16. Cunningham W. A.,Van Bavel J. J.,Arbuckle N. L.,Packer D. J.,Waggoner A. S.Rapid social perception is flexible: Approach and avoidance motivational states shape P100 responses to other-race faces.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2012;6:140.
17. Cunningham W. A.,Van Bavel J. J.,Johnsen I. R.Affective flexibility: Evaluative processing goals shape amygdala activity.Psychological Science. 2008;19:152-160.
18. Social identity: Context, commitment, content. Ellemers N.Spears R.Doosje B., ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell; 1999:.
19. Feingold C. A.The influence of environment on identification of persons and things.Journal of Criminal Law and Police Science. 1914;5:39-51.
20. Fiske S. T.,Neuberg S. L.Advances in experimental social psychology. Zanna M. P., ed. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1990:1-74.
21. Goldstein H.Multilevel statistical models. 1995). Multilevel statistical models (2nd ed.). London, England: Arnold.London, England: Arnold; 1995:.
22. Greenwald A. G.,McGhee D. E.,Schwartz J. L. K.Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998;74:1464-1480.
23. Harkins S. G.,Petty R. E.Effects of task difficulty and task uniqueness on social loafing.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1982;43:1214-1229.
24. Hastorf A. H.,Cantril H.They saw a game: A case study.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1954;49:129-134.
25. Hehman E.,Maniab E. W.,Gaertner S. L.Where the division lies: Common ingroup identity moderates the cross-race facial-recognition effect.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010;46:445-448.
26. Hugenberg K.,Corneille O.Holistic processing is tuned for in-group faces.Cognitive Science. 2009;33:1173-1181.
27. Hugenberg K.,Sacco D. F.Social categorization and stereotyping: How social categorization biases face perception and face memory.Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 2008;2:1052-1072.
28. Hugenberg K.,Young S. G.,Bernstein M. J.,Sacco D. F.The categorization-individuation model: An integrative account of the other-race recognition deficit.Psychological Review. 2010;117:1168-1187.
29. Johnson K. J.,Fredrickson B. L.We all look the same to me: Positive emotions eliminate the own-race bias in face recognition.Psychological Science. 2005;16:875-881.
30. Judd C. M.,Park B.Out-group homogeneity: Judgments of variability at the individual and group levels.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1988;54:778-788.
31. Kinzler K. D.,Shutts K.,DeJesus J.,Spelke E. S.Accent trumps race in guiding children's social preferences.Social Cognition. 2009;27:623-634.
32. Kurzban R.,Tooby J.,Cosmides L.Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001;98:15387-15392.
33. Levin D. T.Classifying faces by race: The structure of face categories.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 1996;22:1364-1382.
34. Levin D. T.Race as a visual feature: Using visual search and perceptual discrimination tasks to understand face categories and the cross-race recognition deficit.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2000;129:559-574.
35. Macrae C. N.,Bodenhausen G. V.,Milne A. B.The dissection of selection in person perception: Inhibitory processes in social stereotyping.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995;69:397-407.
36. Malpass R. S.,Kravitz J.Recognition for faces of own and other "race.".Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1969;13:330-334.
37. Meissner C. A.,Brigham J. C.Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review.Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 2001;7:3-35.
38. Mitchell J. P.,Nosek B. N.,Banaji M. R.Contextual variations in implicit evaluation.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2003;132:455-469.
39. Mullen B.,Migdal M. J.,Hewstone M.Crossed categorization versus simple categorization and intergroup evaluations: A meta-analysis.European Journal of Social Psychology. 2001;31:721-736.
40. Ng W.-J.,Lindsay R. C. L.Cross-race facial recognition: Failure of the contact hypothesis.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1994;25:217-232.
41. Ostrom T. M.,Sedikides C.Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups.Psychological Bulletin. 1992;112:536-552.
42. Packer D. J.On being both with us and against us: A normative conflict model of dissent in social groups.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2008;12:50-72.
43. Pauker K.,Weisbuch M.,Ambady N.,Sommers S. R.,Adams R. B.,Ivcevic Z.Not so black and white: Memory for ambiguous group members.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;96:795-810.
44. Preacher K. J.,Hayes A. F.SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models.Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers. 2004;36:717-731.
45. Ratcliff N. J.,Hugenberg K.,Shriver E. R.,Bernstein M. J.The allure of status: High-status targets are privileged in face processing and memory.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2012;37:1003-1015.
46. Ratner K. G.,Kaul C.,Van Bavel J. J.Is race erased? Decoding race from patterns of neural activity when skin color is not diagnostic of group boundaries.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2012;:.
47. Rodin M. J.Who is memorable to whom: A study of cognitive disregard.Social Cognition. 1987;5:144-165.
48. Roskos-Ewoldsen D. R.,Fazio R. H.On the orienting value of attitudes: Attitude accessibility as a determinant of an object's attraction of visual attention.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1992;63:198-211.
49. Rule N. O.,Ambady N.,Adams R. B.,Macrae C. N.Us and them: Memory advantages in perceptually ambiguous groups.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2007;14:687-692.
50. Rule N. O.,Garrett J. V.,Ambady N.Places and faces: Geographic environment influences the ingroup memory advantage.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2010;98:343-355.
51. Ruscher J. B.,Fiske S. T.Interpersonal competition can cause individuating processes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1990;58:832-843.
52. Ruscher J. B.,Fiske S. T.,Miki H.,Van Manen S.Individuating processes in competition: Interpersonal versus intergroup.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1991;17:595-605.
53. Sangrigoli S.,Pallier C.,Argenti A. M.,Ventureyra V. A. G.,de Schonen S.Reversibility of the other-race effect in face recognition during childhood.Psychological Science. 2005;16:440-444.
54. Scheck B.,Neufeld P.,Dwyer J.Actual innocence: Five data to execution and other dispatches from the wrongly convicted. New York: Doubleday; 2000:.
55. Shriver E. R.,Hugenberg K.Power, individuation, and the cross-race recognition deficit.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010;46:767-774.
56. Shriver E. R.,Young S. G.,Hugenberg K.,Bernstein M. J.,Lanter J. R.Class, race, and the face: Social context modulates the cross-race effect in face recognition.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2008;34:260-274.
57. Shutts K.,Kinzler K. D.An ambiguous-race illusion in children's face memory.Psychological Science. 2007;18:763-767.
58. Sidanius J.,Pratto F.Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1999:.
59. Singer J. D.Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models.Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 1998;23:323-355.
60. Sporer S. L.Recognizing faces of other ethnic groups: An integration of theories.Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 2001;7:36-97.
61. Stryker S.Identity salience and role performance: The importance of symbolic interaction theory for family research.Journal of Marriage and Family. 1968;30:558-564.
62. Stryker S.,Burke P. J.The past, present and future of identity theory.Social Psychology Quarterly. 2000;63:284-297.
63. Tajfel H.Social identity and intergroup behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1982:.
64. Tajfel H.,Turner J. C.The social psychology of intergroup relations. Austin W. G.Worchel S., ed. Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole; 1979:94-109.
65. Turner J. C.,Oakes P. J.,Haslam S. A.,McGarty C.Self and collective: Cognition and social context.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1994;20:454-463.
66. Urban L. M.,Miller N.A theoretical analysis of crossed categorization effects: A meta-analysis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998;74:894-908.
67. Van Bavel J. J.,Cunningham W. A.Self-categorization with a novel mixed-race group moderates automatic social and racial biases.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2009;35:321-335.
68. Van Bavel J. J.,Cunningham W. A.A social neuroscience approach to self and social categorisation: A new look at an old issue.European Review of Social Psychology. 2011;21:237-284.
69. Van Bavel J. J.,Packer D. J.,Cunningham W. A.The neural substrates of in-group bias: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation.Psychological Science. 2008;19:1131-1139.
70. Van Bavel J. J.,Packer D. J.,Cunningham W. A.Modulation of the Fusiform Face Area following minimal exposure to motivationally relevant faces: Evidence of in-group enhancement (not out-group disregard).Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2011;23:3343-3354.
71. Van Bavel J. J.,Swencionis J. K.,O'Connor R. C.,Cunningham W. A.Motivated social memory: Belonging needs moderate the own-group bias in face recognition.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2012;48:707-713.
72. Watson D.,Clark L. A.,Tellegen A.Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1988;54:1063-1070.
73. Wilson D. S.,Sober E.Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral sciences.Behavioral & Brain Sciences. 1994;17:585-654.
74. Wilson J. P.,Hugenberg K.When under threat, we all look the same: Distinctiveness threat induces ingroup homogeneity in face memory.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010;46:1004-1010.
75. Wright D. B.,Sladden B.An own gender bias and the importance of hair in face recognition.Acta Psychologica. 2003;114:101-114.
76. Xiao Y. J.,Van Bavel J. J.See your friends close and your enemies closer: Social identity and identity threat shape the representation of physical distance.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2012;38:959-972.
77. Young S. G.,Bernstein M. J.,Hugenberg K.When do own-group biases in face recognition occur? Encoding versus post-encoding.Social Cognition. 2010;:240-250.
78. Zebrowitz L. A.Finally faces find favor.Social Cognition. 2006;24:657-701.